446494 research outputs found
Sort by
Characterization of physical and chemical properties of swanggi fish meatballs with edamame paste substitution
No full textSwanggi fish is characterized by high protein content, firm texture, and white flesh. This fish is well-suited for developing value-added products such as meatballs. The quality of Swanggi fish meatball products depends significantly on the type and formulation of raw materials used. This research aims to assess the impact of substituting swanggi and surimi fish meat with edamame paste on the physical and chemical properties of fish meatballs. The research method used a randomized block factorial design, consisting of 2 factors with 2 repetitions. Factor A is surimi and fish meat, while Factor B is the substitution of edamame for fish meat and surimi. Parameters measured in the fish ball products included water-holding capacity, elasticity, texture, protein content, and moisture content. Results show that surimi, as a raw material, yields superior physical and chemical properties compared to fish meat. The optimal formulation consisted of 70% surimi and 30% edamame paste, producing meatballs with a water-holding capacity of 30.59%, elasticity of 5.00, texture of 15.86 N, protein content of 26.79%, and moisture content of 70.70%. These findings demonstrate the potential of edamame-enriched surimi formulations to improve the quality of Swanggi fish meatballs
Development of IS-Candling (intelligent system for candling) web application for IoT-based hatch fertility detection
No full textEgg fertility detection is an important aspect in increasing poultry hatching productivity. The traditional candling method with light has limitations in accuracy, especially at an incubation age of more than ten days. The study proposes IS-Candling, a web application to detect hatching egg fertility based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI). The system is designed so that embryonic development can be detected using cameras in real-time, then processed using machine learning algorithms to identify fertile or infertile conditions. The results of the analysis are visualized through a web interface in the form of an interactive dashboard, embryo development graph, egg status, and reports that can be accessed by farmers at any time. The test is carried out using the black box testing method to assess the functionality of the application and ease of use. The test results showed that the IS-Candling web application was able to display data accurately, improve monitoring efficiency, and provide better decision support than manual candling methods. This research contributes to the development of intelligent hatchery technology by leveraging the integration of IoT and web-based AI, which can support the modern livestock industry towards digitalization
Portable detector prototype for monitoring temperature, humidity, and ammonia gas in broiler chicken coops based on Arduino Nano
No full textEnvironmental monitoring in broiler chicken houses is crucial for maintaining animal health, productivity, and welfare. Temperature, humidity, and ammonia gas are key parameters affecting poultry performance, with excessive ammonia levels posing serious risks to both chickens and farm workers. This study presents the design and implementation of an Arduino Nano-based portable detector to monitor these parameters in real-time. The device uses DHT22 sensors for temperature and humidity, and an MQ-137 sensor for ammonia gas detection. Data is processed by the Arduino Nano and displayed on an OLED display. Test results show that the temperature sensor achieved satisfactory accuracy with an average absolute error of 1.4°C, the humidity sensor exhibited variability with an average error of 3.7%, and the ammonia gas sensor showed the greatest limitations with an average absolute error of 3.9 ppm. This portable detector has proven to be effective, economical, and easy to use for monitoring environmental conditions in broiler houses. With real-time monitoring, farmers can maintain air quality, improve chicken welfare, and support productivity
The interpretation of XRISM X-ray measurements of turbulence in the intracluster medium: A comparison with cosmological simulations
No full textWe investigate whether the properties of turbulent gas motions recently measured via X-ray spectroscopy in the Coma cluster of galaxies by XRISM are in tension with the turbulent picture established by current numerical cosmological simulations. We use a high-resolution simulation of a Coma-like cluster and show that the simulation yields velocity structure functions and X-ray line-widths that are compatible with those measured by the XRISM observations of Coma. In particular, it has previously been suggested that a much steeper turbulence spectrum than Kolmogorov’s would be needed to explain the XRISM observations under a homogeneous, cluster volume-filling turbulence model. Our results show that this tension is overcome thanks to the more complicated turbulent picture in cosmological simulations, which indeed shows a patchy distribution of turbulent regions in galaxy clusters, with a spectrum that is generally consistent with a Kolmogorov power law over a fairly wide range of scales. More generally, our study highlights the fact that the interpretation of XRISM data of galaxy clusters depends on the turbulence model used and the importance of combining data and advanced simulations in the future steps
Fabrication of Eco-Friendly Pineapple Leaf Fiber-Based Vegan Leather for Environmental Sustainability
No full textThe environmental impact of synthetic leather production has raised global concerns due to its reliance on petroleum-based polymers and poor biodegradability. Therefore, the development of sustainable, eco-friendly alternatives using renewable resources has become increasingly important. A biodegradable vegan leather was developed from natural rubber and pineapple leaf fibers (PALF), with properties analyzed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The effects of fiber content (X1), compression time (X2), and compression temperature (X3) were studied on biodegradation (Y1), water absorption (Y2), and tensile strength (Y3). Results showed that all three factors significantly influenced Y1, with the predictive model demonstrating high reliability (R > 90%). The optimum condition for Y1 was X1 = 3.0 g, X2 = 70.0 min, and X3 = 110.0°C, yielding a maximum predicted biodegradation of about 21%. In contrast, the models for Y2 and Y3 were statistically unreliable (P > 0.05) due to low R² values. However, Y2 passed the lack-of-fit test, suggesting an adequate model form, while Y3 failed (P < 0.05), indicating an inadequate prediction model. These findings suggest future experiments should narrow factor ranges and include additional control variables to improve the predictability of Y2 and Y3. Despite these limitations, the study highlights a sustainable alternative to conventional synthetic leather, aligning with circular economy principles and supporting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Importantly, the process is resource-efficient: from 1 kg of pineapple leaves, only 20 g of fibers is obtained, and just 75 g of PALF was used in 15 experimental runs. This minimal material requirement underscores the potential of the approach for sustainable production, while highlighting potential applications in sustainable fashion, packaging, and eco-friendly product design
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Cookies Made from Yellow Sweet Potato (
No full textIndonesia’s reliance on imported wheat flour highlights the need to utilize local tuber crops as alternative food ingredients. Yellow sweet potato flour is a promising source due to its high β-carotene content and its ability to enhance product color; however, its lack of gluten results in a fragile texture. Conversely, porang flour, rich in glucomannan, functions as a binder and gel-forming agent. This study aimed to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of cookies formulated from combinations of yellow sweet potato flour and porang flour as a wheat flour substitute. The flour ratios used were 60:95, 45:110, and 30:125 (yellow sweet potato flour:porang flour). Cookie characteristics evaluated included texture, color, caloric value, moisture, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, and crude fiber contents. The results showed variations in physical and chemical properties among formulations. Fracture distance ranged from 3.34 to 7.68 mm, while hardness values were 416.60–622.50 N. Color parameters showed L* values of 46.43–48.84, a* values of 7.16–7.99, and b* values of 33.10–35.02. Moisture content ranged from 4.79–6.99%, ash 3.04–3.16%, fat 22.51–23.29%, protein 3.34–4.17%, carbohydrates 62.41–65.39%, and crude fiber 3.28–4.14%. The caloric value ranged from 237.14 to 242.55 kcal per 50g
Understanding Consumer Preferences for “Gogumoy” Cookies through Refined Kano across Demographic Profiles
No full textThe development of “Gogumoy” cookies utilizes local composite flours, specifically modified cassava flour (Mocaf) and purple sweet potato flour, to reduce dependency on imported wheat while enhancing health benefits through natural antioxidants and a low glycaemic index. In new product development, identifying and fulfilling specific customer needs is fundamental to achieving optimal satisfaction. This study employs the Refined Kano Model to analyse customer requirements, as this model enhances the traditional Kano approach by integrating attribute importance levels to provide a more comprehensive understanding of satisfaction drivers. A survey was conducted with 182 respondents in the Surakarta, categorized by age and income levels. The findings reveal that consumer preferences and attribute priorities vary significantly across demographic profiles. Attributes classified as High Value Added—such as balanced flavour combination, secure packaging, and halal certification—emerged as top priorities that significantly drive satisfaction. High Attractive attributes serve as competitive features to strengthen market positioning. Notably, older demographics identified a “sandy mouthfeel” as a Reverse attribute, suggesting it should be eliminated for those segments. These results indicate that product quality improvement strategies must be tailored to the specific characteristics of the target market to ensure effective resource allocation and maximized impact
Reactive spark plasma sintering of UAl
No full textA U + 5 wt.% Al powder (written U-5Al), manufactured by centrifugal atomization, was used in this study to assess the feasibility of densifying UAlx + Al powder mixtures by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and obtaining a final composition with a minimum content of UAl2 that meets specifications of targets for 99Mo production. The microstructure of the U-5Al powder was studied first and mainly consists of a mixture of UAl2 primary dendrites and α-U phase. Three SPS conditions differing in terms of UAlx/Al volume ratio and dwell time at 800 K were tested. The sintered discs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. A very quick transformation of the U-5Al particles into a mixture of aluminides (UAl2 + UAl3 + UAl4, referred to UAlx) was evidenced: only a few minutes were sufficient to transform the U-based particles into a mixture of aluminides containing about 80 wt.% of UAl3. According to these first tests, this new highly versatile manufacturing process could advantageously replace the conventional method of producing targets, subject to technical adjustments and parametric studies
The relationship between Ascidians and plastic pollution: A systematic review of interaction mechanisms, biological impacts, and ecological roles
No full textMicroplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) pollution are global threats that permeate marine ecosystems. As sessile filter-feeders, ascidians interact heavily with these pollutants. This systematic review synthesizes the literature regarding the interaction between ascidians and plastics, focusing on their role as bioindicators, physiological impacts, status as model organisms, and potential in vertical pollutant transport. Sixteen primary studies indicate that various ascidian species consistently accumulate MP, highlighting their strong potential as bioindicators. Significant sublethal impacts, including disturbances in reproduction, development, immune response, and oxidative stress, have been widely reported. Laboratory studies confirm that ascidians, particularly from the genera Ciona and Phallusia, are valid model organisms for tracking particle pathways, toxicity, and underlying molecular mechanisms. Moreover, evidence suggests that ascidians play a role in the vertical transport of MP from the water column to sediments through fecal pellets, underscoring their dual ecological function. In conclusion, ascidians are not merely passive victims but serve as a unique and multifaceted model system for plastic research. Further research is needed to standardize bio-monitoring protocols and validate their bioremediation potential in the field
