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No full textData from a previous study of Cd with the reaction with monoenergetic neutrons have been reanalysed with the aim of identifying additional low-intensity -ray transitions. The data set included excitation functions measured with neutron energies between 1.94 and 3.34 MeV, and -ray angular distributions performed at neutron energies of 2.6, 2.9, and 3.2 MeV. A total of 162 rays were placed in a level scheme comprising 69 levels (of which 58 -ray assignments and 10 levels are newly established) up to 3.3 MeV in excitation energy. Lifetimes, or limits, were established for many levels using the Doppler-shift attenuation technique allowing for the determination of an extended set of transition rates
Erratum to: Quantum entanglement patterns in the structure of atomic nuclei within the nuclear shell model
No full textThe Effect of Pectinase, Cellulase, and Chitosan Combination in Lemon Juice Clarification
No full textLemon juice is a basic ingredient that contains dissolved suspensions that cause turbidity. To produce clearer lemon juice, clarification process can be done enzymatically or non-enzymatically. Enzymatic clarification was carried out using 0.2% pectinase produced by KJ 8 bacterial isolate and/or 0.5% cellulase produced by Bacillus subtilis Krakarya_1. Non-enzymatic clarification was carried out by adding 200 ppm chitosan. This research was conducted to determine the effect of the combination of pectinase, cellulase, and/or the addition of chitosan in lemon juice clarification.The experimental design used in this research was a one-factor Completely Randomized Design. The data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by level of 5%, Tukey's Honest Significant Difference test homogeneous data variance) or the Games-Howell test (non homogeneous data variance). The results showed that the use of pectinase cellulase and/or chitosan with/without combination affect to increase the transmittance value (0.233 ± 0.052 to 0.383 ± 0.041) and yield of lemon juice (71.375 ± 1.678 grams to 77.459 ± 1.397 grams) but decrease viscosity (0.717 ± 0.005 cP to 0.871 ± 0.007 cP), total soluble solids value (6.90 ± 0.089 oBrix to 7.93 ± 0.103 oBrix), and pH of lemon juice (2.40 ± 0.008 to 2.49 ± 0.008.)
Effect of Porang Starch Edible Coating with CMC and Ginger Extract on Red Chilli Quality
No full textCurly red chili is susceptible to postharvest deterioration; edible coatings are applied to maintain quality. A composite coating formulated from porang starch, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and ginger extract shows promising functional properties. This study evaluated the effect of porang starch–based edible coatings with different CMC concentrations and ginger extract addition on curly red chili quality during 12 days of room temperature storage. Analyses using a Completely Randomized Design with CMC concentrations (6%, 9%, 12%, 15%, 18%). Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA. Panelists preferred sample 18% CMC color and texture over other samples throughout storage. Sample 15% CMC had the lowest weight loss. Moisture content increased with higher CMC concentrations. Sample 18% CMC retained vitamin C better than others. At the end of storage, the control had the highest microbial count (9.65x10³ CFU/mL), while sample 6% CMC had the lowest (7.08x10³ CFU/mL). The edible film’s water uptake, solubility, and WVTR decreased as CMC concentration increased. Sample 18% CMC was identified as the best treatment with the highest productivity from day 0 to day 12. Thus, porang starch-based edible coatings containing CMC and ginger extract can effectively extend the shelf life of curly red chili providing a sustainable postharvest solution
Ecosystem as curriculum: Fish farmer coastal field schools approach for resilient shrimp farming in sidoarjo, east jawa
No full textShrimp aquaculture in coastal East Java faces challenges related to fragile pond ecosystems, high input dependency, and increasing climate risks. To address these constraints, a participatory action research approach was implemented through the Fish Farmer Coastal Field School (FFCFS). This 16-session program covered the entire production cycle from planning to harvest and integrated Low External Input Sustainable Aquaculture (LEISA), the use of local microorganisms (MOL), compost production, and ecosystem-based pond management. The program was conducted in Kedungpeluk Village, Candi Sub-district, and Banjarkemuning Village, Sedati Sub-district, involving 35 shrimp farmers and supported by local government, private sector actors, and academic institutions. Learning outcomes, measured using the Farmer Field School Score (FFFS), showed a significant improvement in participants’ knowledge and practices. The application of MOL and compost enhanced natural feed availability, improved shrimp resilience to disease, and increased pond productivity, despite ongoing environmental and socio-cultural challenges. These results demonstrate that ecosystem-based, participatory farmer education can strengthen resilience and promote sustainability in small scale shrimp farming systems
Biofilmed biofertilizer and phosphate in NK combined compound fertilizer to reduce basal rot severity and enhance garlic yield on andisol soil
No full textGarlic (Allium sativum L.) is an important commodity in Indonesia, yet its production remains insufficient to meet market demand. One of the main constraints to garlic productivity is basal rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, which reduces bulb yield and quality. The application of biofilmed biofertilizer (BiO₂) combined with phosphate in NK compound fertilization has the potential to suppress disease severity while improving plant growth and yield. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of BiO₂ and potassium fertilization in controlling basal rot disease and enhancing garlic productivity on Andisol soil in Tawangmangu. The experiment was conducted from May to September 2024 using a Randomized Block Design with four treatments: P0 (100% NK, 0% P + BiO₂), P1 (100% NK, 50% P + BiO₂), P2 (100% NK, 100% P + BiO₂), and P3 (100% NP), each replicated six times. Observations included plant growth, disease incidence and severity, and yield components. The results showed that treatment P2 was the most effective in reducing disease severity while maintaining high yield performance. The application of BiO₂ also increased plant height and leaf number, indicating that integrating BiO₂ with balanced NK fertilization is an effective strategy to enhance garlic productivity on Andisol soils
Effect of
No full textDoughnuts can be made with local ingredients, such as Modified Cassava Flour (MOCAF). The addition of Curcuma mangga Val. (CM) powder, known for its antioxidant properties and health benefits, may enhance the quality of doughnuts. This study aimed to develop MOCAF-wheat doughnut products with increased antioxidant activity and high sensory acceptability. The preparation process included mixing, fermentation, shaping, and frying. A two-factorial completely randomized design (CRD) was employed, with varying levels of CM powder (2.5, 5, 7.5%) and yeast (1, 1.25, 1.5%). The resulting MOCAF-wheat doughnuts were evaluated for physical, chemical, and sensory properties. Statistical analysis was performed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 0.05, followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) when significant differences were found. The selected MOCAF-wheat doughnut is 15 g CM powder and 2 g yeast formulation exhibited a moisture content of 19.46%, ash content of 0.96%, protein content of 10.82%, fat content of 23.78%, carbohydrate content of 44.98%, antioxidant activity of 48.74% RSA, and total phenolic content of 93.66 mg GAE/g db
Morphometric insights of least concern to vulnerable Elasmobranch in Tuban Waters, East Java: Baseline data and fisheries implications
No full textIndonesia is a mega biodiverse archipelagic nation with a high diversity of elasmobranch species (sharks and rays), yet it faces major challenges in their management. The northern coast of East Java, particularly Tuban Regency within Fisheries Management Area (FMA) 712, is a key landing site for these species. This study provides baseline morphometric data for elasmobranchs categorized as Least Concern (LC), Near Threatened (NT) and Vulnerable (VU) according to the IUCN Red List, and assesses their implications for sustainable fisheries management. Data were collected through daily observations of landings at Palang Fish Landing Base / Fish Landing Unit (PPI Palang) from May 2024 to April 2025. Shark landings consisted of 45.5% LC, 27.3% NT, and 27.3% VU species. Rays were composed of 38.5% LC, 30.8% NT, and 30.8% VU. Most individuals were below the known mature length (Lm), indicating that immature individuals were being harvested. These findings highlight the risk of silent collapse, where population declines progress unnoticed until a critical threshold is reached. Integrating biological considerations into fisheries management frameworks and fostering stronger collaboration between scientific and policy stakeholders is crucial to supporting the long-term sustainability of vulnerable species
Establishing quality standards for Kohaku Koi Fish (
No full textThis study aims to quantify the quality standards for Kohaku koi fish (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) by integrating truss morphometric measurements, red color coverage area, and pigmentation intensity analysis. Twenty-four juvenile Kohaku specimens were selected from the results of selective crossbreeding between Nidan female parents and Sandan Kohaku male parents. Morphometric analysis measured 21 truss morphometric characters of koi fish, and digital image analysis using ImageJ software measured the area of coverage and intensity of red color. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering were employed to classify phenotypic patterns of individual fish characteristics. Results demonstrated significant morphometric variation with coefficients ranging from 10.76% to 27.91% within the population. Red color coverage area varied extensively from 4,200 to 442,851 pixels, while intensity values ranged from 85.2 to 160.0 on a 0-255 scale. Kohaku specimens with larger red areas show higher color intensity, wider tail fins, and greater body depth. Size distribution analysis revealed 41.7% large, 37.5% medium, and 20.8% small fish, demonstrating successful selective breeding outcomes. This integrated quantitative approach provides a scientific foundation for standardized quality evaluation, replacing subjective assessment methods and supporting data-driven breeding programs to enhance the aesthetic and economic value of Kohaku koi in commercial production
Water mass characteristics and estimation of turbulent mixing in Banggai Sea and Maluku Sea
No full textWater masses can influence the mixing processes in the ocean. Temperature, salinity, and density data obtained from the CTD instrument during the BUDEE Expedition in September 2022 were used to identify the different water mass types and quantify their turbulence values. Turbulence was estimated using the Optimized Thorpe Method. The results revealed five types of water masses originating from the North Pacific, including NPSW and NPIW; from the South Pacific, including SPSW and SPSLTW; and from the Antarctic, identified as AAIW. The highest vertical eddy diffusivity value was found in the Banggai region, reaching 1.5 × 10⁻³ m² s⁻¹. In contrast, the Molucca and Seram seas showed much lower values, on the order of 10 m² s ¹. The higher turbulence in the Banggai waters is likely due to its proximity to the Bote Strait and its relatively shallow topography. The lower turbulence in the Molucca and Seram Seas is attributed to deeper waters and limited interactions that induce water mass mixing. Overall, topography played a significant role in enhancing the mixing process by disturbing the stability of the water column