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People who use child sexual exploitation material in New Zealand: an exploration of characteristics and risk related propensities
No full textChild Sexual Exploitation Material (CSEM) use results in significant harm to victims and is a growing issue online. Little is known about unprosecuted people who use CSEM in the community, as most research has focused on people who have been convicted. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and treatment needs of people who use CSEM in an undetected community sample. Participants (N = 476) were recruited through the survey platform Prolific and completed a self-report survey measuring CSEM use, demographic, behavioural, and psychological risk factors. A planned missingness design was used and multiple imputations were completed. Descriptive statistics showed that 5.88% of the sample endorsed questions that indicated a potential propensity to commit CSEM offences; these individuals were grouped as the CSEM propensity group. Results from logistic regression showed that having cognitive distortions about children and sex was the only risk factor significantly correlated with being in the CSEM propensity group (OR = 1.32) after controlling for additional risk variables. Thus, cognitive distortions may have a small impact on having a potential CSEM propensity. Treatment and prevention programs could benefit from addressing cognitive distortions at a community level by bringing awareness to and treating these distorted beliefs. Overall, this research was able to provide insight into the risk factors of a rarely accessed population. Findings contribute to the understanding of this population and potential treatment and prevention targets to reduce CSEM harm
Taiwan’s role as an extension of US and Australian interests in the Pacific
No full textGiven China’s rise in the Pacific, much has been written about its competition with Taiwan over
diplomatic recognition in the region. As China and Taiwan have vied for diplomatic partners,
China with its superior resources has gained the upper hand. Despite Taiwan’s dwindling official
allies, however, its ability before the second Trump administration to build strong relationships
with non-allies like the United States raised questions about whether Taiwan really needed
official diplomatic ties. Yet, in the Pacific, both Taiwan and the US (and US allies like Australia)
have expected that Taiwan should maintain its official relations to help stabilise the region
for the West. Beginning with Tuvalu’s decision after its 2024 general elections to continue
diplomatic relations with Taiwan despite rumours it might recognise China, this article explores
Taiwan’s role until 2025 as an extension of US and Australian interests in the Pacific. I examine
how Taiwan’s Pacific aid programs were increasingly linked with US and Australian initiatives
to boost Taiwan’s ability to counteract China and maintain diplomatic ties it did not necessarily
need. First, I discuss US and Australian reactions to rumours Tuvalu might ally with China after
its 2024 elections. Next, I examine intertwined funding initiatives for Tuvalu announced by the
US, Australia, and Taiwan before and after Tuvalu’s elections. Finally, I discuss how Tuvaluan
politicians leveraged Taiwan’s role as an extension of US and Australian interests and made
strategic decisions to maintain ties with Taiwan. I also address the uncertainty of Taiwan’s
status in Trump’s second term
Defining binary phylogenetic trees with minimal character collections for a fixed number of character states or a fixed number of characters
No full textThe Perfect Phylogeny Problem asks where a collection of discrete characters can convexly define a phylogenetic tree. Although the general decision
problem is NP-complete, for many biologically motivated restriction on the collection of characters the problem becomes tractable. This thesis investigates
two such restrictions for binary phylogenetic trees: bounding the number of states in each character, and limiting the total number of characters in the
collection.
Building on work of Semple and Steel and of Bordewich et al., we prove that, for any binary phylogenetic tree on n ≥ 8 leaves, there exists a collection
⌈ n − 3/2 ⌉ 3-state characters that defines the tree. The bound is shown to be tight by exhibiting a seven-leaf tree that cannot be defined by just two ternary characters.
We also present a method to construct such a collection of ⌈ n − 3/2 ⌉ 3-state characters.
Building on the work of Huber et al. we give a new structural classification of trees definable by at most three characters: every such tree is isomorphic to
some series of cherry unions of cherried caterpillars. Leveraging this structure, we present an algorithm that, whenever a binary tree is definable by at most
three characters, constructs a defining collection of at most three characters
Oceanic diplomacy: Reasserting indigenous pathways through the contemporary Pacific - Acknowledgements
No full textSTRATEGI RANTAI PASOK KOMODITAS CABAI RAWIT DI NGABANG MENGGUNAKAN ANALISA STRUKTUR BIAYA LOGISTIK
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menunjukan struktur rantai pasok cabai rawit, struktur biaya logistik dan penyusunan strategi alternatif untuk tier dalam rangka pemerataan dan peningkatan pendapat bagi petani. Total responden yang ada sebanyak 40 orang. Metode yang digunakan dalam analisa biaya logistik adalah Activity-Based Costing. Hasil dalam penelitian ini diketahui bahwa dalam rantai pasok komoditas cabai rawit terdiri dari empat tier yakni: petani, pengepul, pedagang besar, pedagang kecil. Presentase biaya paling tinggi adalah komponen transportasi sebesar 42,98%. Strategi yang di tetapkan adalah membuat tier pengepul di Ngabang baik dikelola secara koperasi desa atau kerjasama dengan pihak swasta
THE EFFECTS OF WORK–FAMILY CONFLICT AND FAMILY–WORK CONFLICT ON JOB EMBEDDEDNESS : THE MEDIATION OF EMOTIONAL EXHAUSTION
No full textThis study investigates the influence of Work–Family Conflict (WFC) and Family–Work Conflict (FWC) on Job Embeddedness, with Emotional Exhaustion serving as a mediating variable. A quantitative research approach was employed, using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. Data were collected through a survey of 300 courier expedition employees in Indonesia using a convenience sampling technique. The findings reveal that both WFC and FWC negatively and significantly affect Job Embeddedness, while simultaneously exerting a positive and significant impact on Emotional Exhaustion. Emotional Exhaustion, in turn, has a negative and significant effect on Job Embeddedness. The mediation analysis further confirms that Emotional Exhaustion significantly mediates the relationship between role conflicts and Job Embeddedness. These results highlight the detrimental effect of work-family conflicts on employees’ emotional well-being and their organizational attachment. The study underscores the importance of organizational strategies that promote work-life balance to sustain employee engagement and reduce turnover
Is your work-team resilient? Development and preliminary validation of a new team resilience scale.
No full textResilience is critical for navigating adversity, yet the conceptual ambiguity surrounding team resilience limits its theoretical understanding and practical application. This study addresses this gap by defining and developing a new team resilience scale. Informed by transformational and ecological perspectives, the research positions team resilience at the intersection of employee and organisational resilience. Grounded in the Conservation of Resources theory and the crossover model, team resilience is reconceptualised as a set of observable behaviours across three dimensions: relational, operational, and collective wellbeing. The scale development followed a systematic multi-step process. An initial pool of 76 items was generated and refined through an extensive literature review, expert feedback, face validity checks, and content validation, resulting in 37 items. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) in Study 1 reduced the scale to 24 items, structured across three dimensions. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in Study 2 provided preliminary validation of the scale’s structure and reliability, yielding a final 21-item instrument, including significant associations with related constructs, such as team cohesion, psychological safety, and team potency. This new scale enhances the precision of measuring team resilience by capturing its behavioural components, facilitating theoretical advancements, and providing a practical diagnostic tool for organisations. By understanding and fostering resilient behaviours, teams can more effectively adapt to adversity, ensuring collective success in dynamic work environments