Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
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Urgensi Lembaga Mediasi Desa sebagai Mekanisme Penyelesaian Sengketa: Kasus Desa Wukirsari di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Get PDFThis research discusses an important issue in the rural administration, that is the urgency of institution transformation of the status and position of the Village Head in dispute resolution among villagers. The purpose of this research is to highlight the urgency of institutionalization of dispute resolution through the Village Mediation Institution. The first concern is to find the status and legal basis of the Institution; the second is to describe the urgency of establishing this institution as a dispute resolution mechanism among villagers; and the third is to build the model or system that matches with the condition in Wukirsari. The research method used was a normative-empirical-concept and the data were analyzed qualitatively to be presented as a descriptive-prescriptive analysis. The result of this research shows that there is an urgency for Wukirsari Village government to form a Village Mediation Institution due to socio-geographic considerations and also as an implementation of Article 26 paragraph (4) letter K of Village Law No. 6 of 2014. The Village Mediation Institution in Wukirsari Village should consist of a balance composition between the elements of Village Government and professionals so that it will become an effective and efficient institution in resolving disputes among the members of Wukirsari Village society.Penelitian ini membahas masalah penting dalam pemerintahan desa, yaitu urgensi transformasi kelembagaan atas status dan kedudukan Kepala Desa dalam penyelesaian sengketa di antara warga desa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyoroti urgensi pelembagaan penyelesaian sengketa yang dijalankan oleh Kepala Desa menjadi Lembaga Mediasi Desa. Untuk itu, fokus pertama artikel ini adalah menelusuri status dan dasar hukum dari kelembagaan tersebut; kedua adalah memaparkan urgensi pembentukan kelembagaan tersebut sebagai mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa di antara warga desa; dan ketiga adalah membangun model atau sistem kelembagaannya yang sesuai untuk kondisi di desa Wukirsari. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif-empiris-konseptual dan data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara kualitatif kemudian disajikan secara deskriptif-preskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah Desa Wukirsari memiliki urgensi untuk membentuk Lembaga Mediasi Desa berdasarkan pertimbangan sosio-geografi yang dihadapi dan juga sebagai implementasi atas amanat ketentuan Pasal 26 ayat (4) huruf k Undang No. 6 tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Penelitian ini mengusulkan model Lembaga Mediasi Desa di Desa Wukirsari yang mencerminkan perimbangan antara unsur Pemerintah Desa dan Profesional sehingga dapat berjalan efektif dan efisien dalam penyelesaian perselisihan di antara masyarakat Desa Wukirsari
The Relevance and Imprint of Professor Tjondronegoro\u27s Thoughts in Rural Sociology
Get PDFPendidikan Sosiologi Pedesaan di Indonesia adalah “arena-akademik” dari almarhum Prof. Dr S.M.P. Tjondronegoro. Tulisan ini bertujuan menunjukkan arena-akademik dari almarhum tersebut sebagai wadah pelembagaan dan pengembangan pemikiran sains sosial, khususnya di Bidang Sosiologi dan Antropologi Terapan dengan fokus pengorganisasian pembangunan desa. Dengan systematic review method, tinjauan atas isi dokumen, dan wawancara dengan alumni terpilih dari Program Studi (Prodi) Pascasarjana (Pendidikan Magister Sains dan Doktor) Sosiologi Pedesaan (SPD), Departemen Sains Pengembangan Masyarakat, Fakultas Ekologi Manusia, Institut Pertanian Bogor dicatat, bahwa kurikulum prodi ini, tidak lepas dari pemikiran almarhum. Bahkan, mata-mata kuliah yang diampu oleh almarhum bersama pendiri SPD lainnya, yaitu almarhum Prof. Sajogyo dan almarhum Prof. Pujiwati Sajogyo terus dikembangkan, hingga saat ini telah menjadi berbagai mata kuliah dan unsur dari tiga kompetensi peminatan mahasiswa dari Prodi SPD untuk pendidikan magister sains. Tiga peminatan tersebut adalah (1) Pengembangan Masyarakat, (2) Kajian Agraria dan Ekologi Politik, dan (3) Digitalisasi Desa dan Perubahan Sosial. Benang merah pemikiran almarhum menjadi penjalin tiga peminatan tersebut adalah pemikiran tentang sodality yang menjadi akar dari desa mengelola pembangunan secara berkelanjutan.Rural Sociology Education in Indonesia is the “academic arena" by Late Prof. Dr. S.M.P. Tjondronegoro. This paper aims to show the academic arena of the deceased as a media for institutionalizing and developing social science, especially in the Field of Sociology and Applied Anthropology with a focus on organizing village development. With a systematic review method, document review, and interviews with selected alumni from the Postgraduate Study Program (Master and Doctor degree) of Rural Sociology (SPD), Department of Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, Bogor Agricultural University, it was noted that the curriculum of this study program is rooted and grew from the thoughts of the deceased. In fact, the subjects taught by the deceased with others SPD founders, namely the deceased Prof. Sajogyo and the deceased Prof. Pujiwati Sajogyo were continuously developed, until now they have become various subjects and elements of the three specialization of students from the SPD Study Program at the Master degree. The three specializations are (1) Community Development, (2) Agrarian Studies and Political Ecology, and (3) Digitalization of Villages and Social Change. The common thread of the thought of the deceased to link these three specializations is the thought of sodality which is the root of the village in managing sustainable development
Villages and Peasant Households under Development: Contextualizing S.M.P. Tjondronegoro\u27s Concept about Sodality in Agroecology
Get PDFArtikel ini berupaya mengkontekstualisasikan pemikiran S.M.P. Tjondronegoro mengenai organisasi sosial pedesaan di bawah pembangunan. Kerangka pemikiran yang digunakan oleh Tjondronegoro memungkinkan dibukanya kembali diskusi mengenai desa di satu sisi dan petani dari sudut pandang teori ekonomi rumah tangga petani di sisi lain. Pertanyaan sentral dari diskusi ini masih sama dengan perhatian Tjondronegoro sebelumnya, yaitu mengenai partisipasi masyarakat pedesaan di bawah pembangunan. Diskusi dari kedua pendekatan ini menyentuh teori dasar yang memungkinkan melihat partisipasi dari sudut pandang yang berbeda. Dengan menggunakan konsep sodality sebagai ruang mediasi kultural di mana agroekologi budaya dilihat sebagai representasi dari agensi serta tindakan petani, persoalan partisipasi dalam pembangunan pedesaan dapat dilihat secara lebih luas. Upaya ini memungkinkan pemikiran Tjondronegoro itu diletakkan di dalam spektrum ilmu pengetahuan serta gerakan agroekologi.This article attempts to contextualize the concept brought forward by S.M.P. Tjondronegoro regarding rural social organization under development. The framework used by Tjondronegoro makes it possible to re-open the discussion on villages and peasants from the point of view of peasant household economic theory. The central question of this discussion remains similar to Tjondronegoro\u27s previous concern, such as the participation of rural communities under development. These two approaches touch the basic theory that views participation from different angles. By using the concept of sodality as a cultural mediation space, where cultural agroecology is seen as a representation of the agency and actions of peasants, the issue of participation in rural development can be seen more broadly. This effort places Tjondronegoro\u27s concept within the spectrum of agroecological science and movement
Pengantar Dewan Redaksi untuk Edisi Khusus Jurnal Sodality: “Tribute to Prof. Dr. Sediono M.P. Tjondronegoro”
Get PDFPada 3 Juni 2020 salah satu ilmuwan sosial Indonesia yang terkemuka, Prof. Dr. Sediono Mommy Poerwodo Tjondronegoro, wafat dalam usia 92 tahun. Kepergian beliau menimbulkan rasa kehilangan yang sangat mendalam pada banyak pihak, khususnya kalangan ilmuwan sosial, dan lebih khusus lagi mereka yang menekuni isu-isu pedesaan, agraria dan ekologi manusia. Beliau dikenal luas berkat konsep “sodality” yang beliau konstruksikan ulang berdasarkan realitas sosial di pedesaan Indonesia untuk merujuk basis otonomi, kerja sama dan partisipasi komunitas pedesaan yang genuine dari bawah. Berdasarkan temuan studi beliau di dua desa di Jawa, perwujudan sodality dalam pengertian demikian ternyata ditemukan pada tingkat dukuh, yakni unit teritori yang berada di bawah desa di mana hubungan informal dan ikatan solidaritas masih berlangsung dengan cukup kuat di antara sesama warga. Selain itu, Prof. Tjondronegoro juga dikenal sebagai sosok intelektual yang memiliki kepedulian besar pada bidang agraria dan ekologi manusia. Oleh karena itu, konsep sodality dalam pengertian seperti beliau maksudkan sebenarnya juga dapat dimaknai secara lebih luas dan tidak terbatas pada unit teritori semata. Misalnya saja, dengan mengidentifikasi perwujudan sodality pada berbagai basis ikatan solidaritas sosial yang ditentukan bukan terutama oleh ikatan ketetanggaan dan teritori seperti di Jawa, melainkan oleh unit ekologis tertentu beserta sistem produksi yang dikembangkan di atasnya. Dalam edisi khusus Jurnal Sodality ini, yang diterbitkan dalam rangka mengenang dan mengapresiasi warisan pemikiran dan jasa almarhum, terdapat enam artikel yang dengan penekanan berbeda-beda berusaha menelaah dan mengontekstualisasikan pemikiran Prof. Tjondronegoro pada realitas sosial di Indonesia dewasa ini
The Role of Social Capital in Developing Smallholders’ Beef Cattle in Bengkulu
Get PDFPengembangan peternakan sapi potong rakyat terus diupayakan pemerintah melalui berbagai program untuk mengurangi impor daging sapi dan meningkatkan pendapatan peternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan peran modal sosial pada tingkat kelompok tani dalam pengembangan populasi ternak sapi potong rakyat di Bengkulu. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan Desember 2020 dengan metode wawancara mendalam pada 3 kelompok tani penerima bantuan ternak sapi potong dari Dinas Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Provinsi Bengkulu. Identifikasi modal sosial (norma, kepercayaan, dan jaringan) yang mempengaruhi pengembangan populasi ternak dan peningkatan kapasitas kelompok tani dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan model interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial memiliki peran penting dalam pengembangan kapasitas kelompok mengelola bantuan ternak dari pemerintah, yaitu: (1) norma penggaduhan ternak dengan sistem bagi hasil menyebabkan peningkatan populasi ternak milik kelompok, (2) kepercayaan anggota kelompok tani dipengaruhi ikatan-ikatan sosial dalam kelompok tani dan peran ketua kelompok, (3) jaringan kerjasama yang baik dalam kelompok tani meningkatkan modal sosial dan pengembangan populasi ternak.The government continues developing the smallholder beef cattle through various programs to reduce beef imports and increase farmers’ income. This research aims to describe the role of social capital at the farmer group level in the development of smallholder beef cattle in Bengkulu. The research was conducted from August to December in 2020 with an in-depth interview method involving 3 farmer groups receiving beef cattle aid from the Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Health of Bengkulu Province. The identification of social capital (norms, trusts, and networks) that affects the development of livestock populations and increases the capacity of farmer groups is analyzed descriptively using an interactive model. The results show that social capital has an important role in developing the capacity of the farmer groups to manage livestock aid, namely (1) the norm of raising livestock with a profit sharing system causes an increase farmer group’s livestock population, (2) the trust of farmer groups members is influenced by social ties and the role of farmer group leader, and (3) a good network of cooperation within farmer groups increases social capital and livestock population
Community Resilience of Mining Area and Food Vulnerability in South Kalimantan
Get PDFCoal mining policies and activities in addition to having a positive impact on state income, job creation and business, also have a negative impact on ecosystems and communities in the mining area. The study was conducted in two mining communities in South Kalimantan using an emic and etic approach to explore community resilience and food insecurity due to ecological changes and the impact of mining policies and activities. Coal mining policies and activities in South Kalimantan causes catastrophic floods, land damage, and crop failure on lowland rice fields that have an impact on potential food insecurity at the household and community level. The pattern of community resilience in the two communities is in the form of social movements as a form of social adaptation, and agricultural land recovery and changing agricultural commodities as a form of ecological adaptation. The process of community resilience in the two communities is at the level of recovery towards a stable community condition, not yet at the transformation stage. Community capability is the most influential factor on the degree of community resilience so that the handling of food insecurity based on community resilience needs to be done by developing strategies to increase community capability. 
The Effectiveness of Social Media Usage within Social Movement to Reject the Reclamation of the Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
Get PDFPresidental Degree No. 95 of 1995 in the era of President Soeharto was a fundamental basis in reclamation planning. The reason for the reclamation is to develop the Pantura area as an economic area and land expansion in Jakarta. However, this policy was opposed by many groups, one of which was the Ministry of the Environment by issuing the results of the 2003 Environmental Impact Study which stated that reclamation was not feasible to be continued. In addition, the reclamation plan had the potential to harm 17,000 fishermen who lived in the Jakarta bay reclamation development area; they felt the impact socially, economically and environmentally. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the reclamation rejection movement in the digital age. The paradigm of this research is constructivism, with qualitative and quantitative method approaches. Data retrieval on social media was carried out in Python 3 and Drone Emprit Academic to obtain SNA results and conversation trends and the distribution of issue locations on Twitter. This research was conducted in the Kaliadem and Kalibaru Fishermen Village, North Jakarta, involving 50 respondents and 5 informants. The result showed that social media has an effective role in encouraging the sensitivity of public attitudes in the movement. This is evidenced by the expansion of the message to reject reclamation in various regions, and it can encourage policy changes.
Keywords: digital activism, fisherfolkfisher folk movement, reclamation, social media, social movemen
Technological Development and The Dynamics of Juwana’s Fisherman Social Structure
Get PDFChanges created by technological developments are not only about material changes, but are also closely related to changes in social structure in the community as users and consequences recipients of these technologies application. The capture fisheries community is one of many communities that have also experienced the development of fishing technology. It cannot be denied that technological sophistication is driving the production of the fishing community. However, this increase is not necessarily followed by an increase in welfare for the community. This paper aims to examine technological developments and changes in social structure in the fishing community in Juwana, especially in Bendar Village and Bajomulyo Village, and identify their implications for community welfare. The research that underlies this paper is conducted using qualitative methods. The results showed that the development of technology brought changes in social structure in the fishing community. The economy and welfare of the community are getting better due to the efficiency of fishing with the latest technology. Solidarity that grows in the fishing communities in the two villages, is a key factor in preventing inter-class exploitation by maintaining the position of members of the upper stratification of fisher community from competition with upper strata outside the community, as well as providing a space for community members from the middle and lower strata to carry out social upward mobility.
Keywords: fisher, fishing technology, social structure, solidarity, social mobility.