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Impacto do efeito suporte e do efeito informação sobre a recuperação de reservas
No full textApesar do desenvolvimento de modernas técnicas de tratamento de minérios, a estimativa de teores ainda é uma parte importante na avaliação de reservas minerais. Nesse trabalho é apresentado o formalismo das funções de recuperação (curvas tonelagem x teor) com o objetivo de esclarecer os seus efeitos inerentes à atividade mineira, tais como: o efeito suporte e o efeito informação. Exemplos práticos, embora acadêmicos, são apresentados de modo a tornar mais didáticos e aplicáveis os textos originais de Matheron, 1981 e 1984. O estudo do efeito suporte e do efeito informação, considerando que a seleção de blocos é feita sem restrições (seleção livre), mostrou que a mudança de suporte e que a tomada de decisão sobre valores estimados degradam significativamente as curvas de parametrização, no sentido de perda econômica542Despite the development of new techniques of ore treatment, the estimate of reserves is still an important part in the evaluation process. This paper shows the formalism of the recovery functions (grade versus tonnage curves) with the objective of emphasizing the effects that come from mining activity, such as: the support effect and the information effect. Pratics exemples, however academic, are shown. The study of the support effect and information effect, considering that the selection of blocks is done without restrictions (free selection), showed that change in support and in taking of decision on estimate values degrade the grade/tonnage curves significantly, in the sense of economic los
Educational policy in the Era FHC (1995-2002) : youth, work and the influence of multilateral organisms
No full textOrientador: Fabiana de Cássia RodriguesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de EducaçãoResumo: Nesta dissertação de mestrado buscou-se analisar o projeto político educacional voltado para a juventude durante os governos de Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC), entre 1995 e 2002. O foco foi a formação da juventude componente da classe trabalhadora e as contradições dos processos de transformação do trabalho, em uma perspectiva materialista histórico-dialética. Teve por objetivo identificar as relações do projeto educacional do período com a agenda neoliberal e as concepções político-ideológicas das diretrizes dos organismos multilaterais para a América Latina ao final do século XX. Para a realização da pesquisa, destacou-se a análise das seguintes fontes: os planos de governo e as legislações promovidas para educação básica e o ensino profissional durante a era FHC, junto a três documentos provenientes do Banco Mundial, da CEPAL/UNESCO e do BID, extraindo deles as concepções de educação, trabalho e juventude direcionadas às agendas dos países subdesenvolvidos. Identificou-se na análise que tais projetos orientados por organismos internacionais influenciaram diretamente na construção das políticas locais de educação e trabalho, impactando a realidade material, educacional e política da juventude brasileira. Nas políticas de FHC observou-se o aprofundamento e a sistematização da dualidade estrutural na educação, bem como a aplicação da Teoria do Capital Humano (TCH). Sob novas roupagens e em um contexto de desindustrialização e globalização, houve a intensificação da orientação da juventude para o ensino profissional e técnico em detrimento do ensino geral (propedêutico). Ademais, as políticas voltaram-se à construção do sujeito flexível às transformações e às incertezas do mundo do trabalho. Tratou-se de formar o jovem responsável por si mesmo, segundo a lógica do produtivismo, da competitividade e da meritocracia, logo, adaptável às demandas do "mercado modernizado" e do progresso técnico. Assim, objetivou-se contribuir para o entendimento das perspectivas de educação e da formação para o trabalho que se desenharam para a juventude no período indicadoAbstract: This master's dissertation sought to analyze the educational political project aimed at youth during the Fernando Henrique Cardoso (FHC) governments between 1995 and 2002. The focus was on the formation of working-class youth and the contradictions of the processes of transformation of the work, in a historical-dialectic materialistic perspective. It aimed to identify the relationship of the educational project of the period with the neoliberal agenda and the political-ideological conceptions of the guidelines of multilateral organizations for Latin America at the end of the 20th century. To carry out the research, the analysis of the following sources was highlighted: government plans and legislation promoted for basic education and professional education during the FHC era, together with three documents from the World Bank, ECLAC / UNESCO and the IDB, drawing from them the concepts of education, work and youth, directed to the agendas of underdeveloped countries. It was identified in the analysis that such projects guided by international organizations directly influenced the construction of local education and work policies, impacting the material, educational and political reality of Brazilian youth. In FHC's policies, the deepening and systematization of structural duality in education and the theory of human capital (TCH) was observed. Under new guises and in a context of deindustrialization and globalization, there was an intensification of youth orientation towards professional and technical education compared to general education (propaedeutic). In addition, policies have focused on the construction of the flexible subject to the transformations and uncertainties of the world of work. It was a question of training the young man responsible for himself, according to the logic of productivism, competitiveness and meritocracy, therefore, adaptable to the demands of the "modernized market" and technical progress. Thus, the aim of the work was to contribute to the understanding of the perspectives of education and training for work that were designed for youth in the period indicatedMestradoEducaçãoMestra em Educação001CAPE
Contribution of Brazilian science museums to geological education
No full textBrazilian Museums have begun to under go a transformation from a transitional role of acquisition, ownership, and static display of material to a more educational role. This educational role however, is closely linked to formal educational methodologies that include authoritarian attitudes, routine activities, and displays of static materials and summative questions that are, in fact, really tests. These museums are mostly located in the larger cities associated with research-oriented colleges and universities and cater mostly to precollege students. There is a movement to change the focus of museums from a “therapeutic” and “promotional” role to a “consciousness-raising” role in which the goal is to promote the development of community. In recent years the Campinas Dynamic Science Museum has begun implementing discovery-oriented activities including field trips, sample collecting, and sample examination in the museum. These activities constitute a more active role for informal education institutions, a role of complementing in-school activities rather than imitating them38
Videographies of the heart : an ethnographic study of the cardiac catheterization
No full textNão tem7
Brazilian pediatric reference data for quantitative ultrasound of phalanges according to gender, age, height and weight
Get PDFTo establish normative data for phalangeal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measures in Brazilian students. The sample was composed of 6870 students (3688 females and 3182 males), aged 6 to 17 years. The bone status parameter, Amplitude Dependent Speed of Sound (AD-SoS) was assessed by QUS of the phalanges using DBM Sonic BP (IGEA, Carpi, Italy) equipment. Skin color was obtained by self-evaluation. The LMS method was used to derive smoothed percentiles reference charts for AD-SoS according to sex, age, height and weight and to generate the L, M, and S parameters. Girls showed higher AD-SoS values than boys in the age groups 7-16 (p<0.001). There were no differences on AD-SoS Z-scores according to skin color. In both sexes, the obese group showed lower values of AD-SoS Z-scores compared with subjects classified as thin or normal weight. Age (r(2) = 0.48) and height (r(2) = 0.35) were independent predictors of AD-SoS in females and males, respectively. AD-SoS values in Brazilian children and adolescents were influenced by sex, age and weight status, but not by skin color. Our normative data could be used for monitoring AD-SoS in children or adolescents aged 6-17 years106CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informaçãosem informação2006/01978-0; 2011/23460-1; 2002/13021-1; 2012/16778-
Physicochemical evaluation and cytotoxicity of nanoemulsions and nanostructured lipid carriers with interesterified buriti oil
No full textOrientador: Juliana Alves MacedoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de AlimentosResumo: O óleo de buriti destaca-se por ser um alimento funcional de grande interesse devido às suas propriedades físicas, químicas e nutricionais. Este óleo apresenta elevada concentração de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados e é rico em compostos minoritários como carotenóides, tocoferóis e esteróis, apresentando grande potencial de utilização nas indústrias de alimentos, cosmética e farmacêutica; no entanto, há poucos estudos que trabalham na melhoria das características deste óleo para aplicação comercial. A interesterificação enzimática é uma técnica de modificação de óleos e gorduras muito utilizada atualmente, sendo capaz de produzir bases lipídicas com novas características físico-químicas, nutricionais e biológicas. Para expandir a aplicabilidade deste óleo bruto, carreadores lipídicos nanoestruturados (CLNs) e nanoemulsões (NEs) com óleo de buriti interesterificado foram desenvolvidos. Esses sistemas possuem uma série de vantagens quando comparados a formulações convencionais, porém ainda existem poucos estudos sobre a toxicidade dessas estruturas, especialmente em cultura de células animais. Diante disso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da interesterificação enzimática do óleo de buriti na produção de carreadores lipídicos nanoestruturados (CLNs) e nanoemulsões (NEs), suas características físico-químicas e a citotoxicidade dessas estruturas em diferentes linhagens celulares. Os resultados mostraram que a interesterificação enzimática do óleo de buriti gerou lipídios estruturados com diferentes propriedades. A lipase comercial Lipozyme TL-IM foi específica para as posições sn-1,3 do triacilglicerol (TAG) e para ácidos graxos insaturados (ácido oleico). As reações produziram óleos com triacilgliceróis mais homogêneos, especialmente TAGs tri e di-insaturados; e a maioria dos compostos minoritários de ocorrência natural presentes no óleo foram preservados. Os CLNs e NEs preparados com óleo de buriti interesterificado apresentaram partículas menores que os CLNs e NEs com óleo de buriti original e as partículas permaneceram estáveis durante todo o período de armazenamento. Além disso, as nanopartículas exibiram polimorfismo complexo com a presença de duas formas cristalinas. A atividade antioxidante foi aproximadamente 30% e 18% maior nos CLNs e NEs com óleo de buriti interesterificado, em comparação aos CLNs e NEs com óleo de buriti original pelo ensaio ORAC, e 19% e 46% maior pelo ensaio FRAP, demonstrando a influência da interesterificação na atividade antioxidante dos lipídios. Ensaios celulares de citotoxicidade mostraram efeito citotóxico das nanopartículas na linhagem celular de adenocarcinoma de mama humano (MCF-7) e efeito proliferativo na linhagem celular não cancerosa de pré-adipócitos de murino (3T3-L1). Além disso, as amostras não causaram resposta inflamatória nas menores concentrações testadas e as nanopartículas produzidas com lipídios estruturados atuaram na proteção contra o estresse oxidativo e peroxidação lipídica nas diferentes linhagens celulares, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de nanopartículas ricas em compostos bioativos como ingredientes funcionais. Assim, CLNs e NEs preparados com óleo de buriti interesterificado apresentaram partículas menores com maior capacidade antioxidante; baixa citotoxicidade e alta estabilidade oxidativa, com grande potencial para futuras aplicações nutricionais e biológicasAbstract: Buriti oil stands out as a functional food of great interest because of its physical, chemical and nutritional properties. This oil has a high concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids and is rich in minority compounds such as carotenoids, tocopherols and sterols, presenting great potential of use in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries; however, there are few studies that work on improving the characteristics of this oil for commercial application. The enzymatic interesterification is a technique of modification of oils and fats currently used, being able to produce lipid bases with new physico-chemical, nutritional and biological characteristics. To expand the applicability of this crude oil, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and nanoemulsions (NEs) with interesterified buriti oil were developed. These systems have a number of advantages when compared to conventional formulations, but there are still few studies on the toxicity of these structures, especially in animal cell culture. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of buriti oil enzymatic interesterification on the production of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and nanoemulsions (NEs), their physico-chemical characteristics and the cytotoxicity of these structures in different cell lines. The results showed that the enzymatic interesterification of buriti oil generated structured lipids with different properties. Commercial lipase Lipozyme TL-IM was specific for the sn-1,3 positions of triacylglycerol (TAG) and for unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid). The reactions produced more homogeneous triacylglycerol oils, especially tri- and di-unsaturated TAGs; and most of the naturally occurring minority compounds present in the oil were preserved. NLCs and NEs prepared with interesterified buriti oil presented smaller particles than NLCs and NEs with original buriti oil and the particles remained stable throughout the storage period. In addition, nanoparticles exhibited complex polymorphism with the presence of two crystalline forms. The antioxidant activity was approximately 30% and 18% higher in NLCs and NEs with interesterified buriti oil, compared to NLCs and NEs with original buriti oil by the ORAC assay, and 19% and 46% higher by the FRAP assay, demonstrating the influence of the interesterification in the lipid antioxidant activity. Cell cytotoxicity assays showed a cytotoxic effect of the nanoparticles on the human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line and a proliferative effect on the non-cancer cell line of murine pre-adipocytes (3T3-L1). In addition, the samples did not cause an inflammatory response at the lowest concentrations tested and the nanoparticles produced with structured lipids acted to protect against oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in the different cell lines, allowing the development of nanoparticles rich in bioactive compounds as functional ingredients. Thus, NLCs and NEs prepared with interesterified buriti oil presented smaller particles with higher antioxidant capacity; low cytotoxicity and high oxidative stability, with great potential for future nutritional and biological applicationsDoutoradoNutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de AlimentosDoutora em Alimentos e NutriçãoCAPE
Participation in protected area management planning in coastal Brazil
No full textOver the past ten years, efforts have been made in the Paraty region of Brazil towards more active state governance of coastal resources through the implementation and enforcement of various types of protected areas. Trindade is one of the communities making efforts to advocate for themselves as the key stakeholders in a negotiation process for a no-take protected area management plan. As is happening across South America, there has been a shift in policy in Brazil towards participatory environmental governance practices. The objective of this paper is to analyze the quality of community participation in a resource governance process, the perceptions of participating and non-participating community members, and the actual influence of community participants on the protected area management plan under review (in 2012/2013). The research was conducted as interdisciplinary action research. Data were collected through a qualitative approach, using mixed methods of narratives, interviews, focus groups, participant observation and workshops. The negotiation process and community participation in this negotiation process was studied through observation of meetings. Analysis of the negotiation process revealed the importance that community participants place on their rights as Caiçaras, and four further key themes emerged; communication disconnect, opportunity and capacity to participate, representation and decision-making, and conflict. Meaningful participation in natural resources management has not yet been achieved in the process reviewed. The process described is the initial phase of a long-term relationship between community members and government authorities, and changes need to be made so that the desired outcomes for natural resources management are more likely to be achieved.6011
CPP–ACP pretreatment effect on microshear bond strength of simplified etch-and-rinse adhesive systems plus a flowable composite to enamel
Get PDFThis study evaluated the effect of a casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate based paste (MI Paste) on the microshear bond strength (MSBS) of different simplified etch-and-rinse adhesive systems on enamel. Roots were removed from 90 bovine incisors, and the facial enamel was ground flat. Teeth were randomized into nine groups, according to the enamel pretreatment (without or with application of MI Paste for 1 or 2 min) and the adhesive system used (Single Bond, Stae, or Ambar). Composite cylindrical blocks (2 mm height × 1 mm diameter) were built, stored in water for 24 h, and subjected to the microshear test in a universal testing machine with a load of 0.5 mm/min. Failure modes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Data were submitted for statistical analysis by a two-way ANOVA, followed by multiple comparisons with Tukey test (α = 5%). The Ambar group presented the highest MSBS values. Pretreatment with MI Paste for 2 min improved bonding in the Single Bond and Stae groups. In all groups, adhesive failures were most frequent. In conclusion, Ambar presented better performance and did not need any pretreatment. The enamel MSBS of the other simplified adhesive systems was improved by the pretreatment with MI Paste, depending on the time of application29210911
Trunk restraint therapy: the continuous use of the harness could promote feedback dependence in poststroke patients a randomized trial
No full textThe objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of the task-specific training with trunk restraint compared with the free one in poststroke reaching movements. The design was randomized trial. The setting was University of Campinas (Unicamp). Twenty hemiparetic chronic stroke patients were selected and randomizedinto2traininggroups: trunkrestraintgroup(TRG) (reachingtraining with trunk restraint) and trunk free group (TFG) (unrestraint reaching). Twenty sessions with 45minutes of training were accomplished. The patientswere evaluated in pretreatment (PRE), posttreatment (POST) and 3 months after the completed training (RET) (follow-up). Main outcome measures were modified Ashworth scale, Barthel index, Fugl-Meyer scale, and kinematic analysis (movement trajectory, velocity, angles). A significant improvement, which maintained in the RET test, was found in the motor (P< 0.001) and functional (P = 0.001) clinical assessments for both groups. For trunk displacement, only TFG obtained a reduction statistical significance fromPRE to the POST test (P = 0.002), supporting this result in the RET test. Despite both groups presenting a significant increase in the shoulder horizontal adduction (P = 0.003), only TRGshowed a significant improvement in the shoulder (P = 0.001 -PRE to POST and RET) and elbow (P = 0.038 -PRE to RET) flexion extension, and in the velocity rate (P = 0.03 -PRE to RET). The trunk restraint therapy showed to be a long-term effective treatment in the enhancement of shoulder and elbow active joint range and velocity rate but not in the maintenance of trunk retention9412CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP302189/2004-106/61199-
