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Ingredients of popular fruit teas in Poland
Get PDFFruit teas are very popular on the market of food products in many countries, due to their attractive taste and aroma as well as pro-health and medicinal properties. They are also characterized by the great wealth and diversity of composition. The purpose of this study was to analyze selected products based on the information contained on their packaging. The research included the most popular fruit teas widely available on the Polish food market, i.e. raspberry, cranberry and rosehip teas, 82 products in total. It was found that plant raw materials appearing in the tea names often constitute a small percentage of their composition, while hibiscus and apple occur very often and in the large quantities. The analysis of the content of the basic ingredient of raspberry and cranberry teas showed that they are characterized by a large diversity of quality. In addition to products with a relatively high amount of raspberry or cranberry (mean: 43.8 and 27.2%, respectively), there were teas with a very low level of these ingredients (mean: 7.5 and 1.6%). Against this background, rosehip tea has stood out positively. In this category of products, Rosa spp. hips, as a widely available plant raw material, most often obtained content above 30-40%.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.117558
In vitro regeneration of plantlets from nodal explants of Aristolochia saccata and Aristolochia cathcartii
Get PDFIn vitro propagation of Aristolochia saccata and A. cathcartii were carried out using nodal explant. In both the plants, nodal explants showed direct somatic embryogenesis when cultured on MS medium using various concentrations of BAP (1.0-4.0) and 2iP (1.0-4.0) separately or in combination with low concentration (0.5 and 1.0 mg l-1) of auxin (NAA). It was observed that BAP in combination with NAA was more effective for shoot induction than the hormones used separately. Among different combinations of NAA and BAP, 3.0 mg/l BAP + 1.0 mg/l NAA showed better response in case of A. saccata of about 96%, whereas, in A. cathcartii, the best response was achieved in 4.0 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA after 28 day of culture and 88.3% explants showed proliferation in this combination. The auxins NAA and IBA were used singly to induce rooting from in vitro raised shoot lets. A range of concentration was tested (0.1, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0 mg/l) for rooting. In the present study 1/2 strength MS basal medium and the two different auxins (NAA and IBA) were tried, the maximum results on rooting were obtained on half strength with IBA (0.5 mg/l) then NAA.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.82574
Biological action of Piper nigrum - the king of spices
Get PDFPiper nigrum - the king of spices is originated in the Western Ghats of India. It has gained a global consideration because of its volume in the spice industry. It contains major pungent alkaloid piperine which is known to possess many interesting pharmacological actions. Medicinally black pepper can be used digestive disorder like large intestine toxins, different gastric problems, diarrohea and indigestion and also can be used against respiratory disorder including cold fever, asthama. Piperine exhibits diverse pharmacological activities like antihypertensive, antiplatelets, antioxidant, antitumor, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-reproductive, insecticidal activities. Piper nigrum also found to decrease lipid peroxidation in vivo. It has reported to possess antioxidant activity that might be due to the presence of flavonoids and phenolic contents.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.83903
Managing phosphorus in terrestrial ecosystem: a review
Get PDFIncreasing human population placed stress on the environment, as well as shifting in land use pattern to increase food production, significantly influence the dynamics of soil organic matter and associated nutrients (phosphorus) in terrestrial ecosystems. This review is based on the published work carried out in recent years and critically examines how the P cycling occurs within different terrestrial ecosystems, possible mechanisms involved in its transformation from one form to another and gaps to be investigated. In terrestrial ecosystems P mainly occurs as phosphate ion; generally precipitated with Ca, Al and Fe under varying pH conditions and become relatively immobile in soils. In agricultural fields, change in inorganic (Pi) and organic (Po) phosphorus are attributed due to fertilization and tillage while in forest and grasslands it is the matter of litter addition and its decomposition by microbes. Afforestation of grassland enhances the mineralization of organic matter and P availability through higher microbial activity, production of low molecular weight organic acids and root associations of mycorrhizae. Phosphorus losses primarily occur due to export in the form of erosion and product removal from ecosystem. Heavy export of P from terrestrial ecosystem accelerated the problem of eutrophication. Future studies should be focused on efficient practices to increase the use of accumulated surface P, estimating P bioavailability in soil and improved methods of runoff control to control P export into aquatic ecosystems. Optimization of practices and exploring novel approaches for sustainable production will maintain the enduring supply of this globally limited nutrient and reduce environmental consequences.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.85468
Optimization of lactic acid production by a novel strain, Enterococcus faecalis KY072975 isolated from infants stool in Egypt
Get PDFProduction of lactic acid using a novel strain of lactic acid bacteria isolated from infants stool was investigated in the present study. Out of ten isolates, a total of five bacterial isolates were found as positive in lactic acid production. The tested bacterial isolate W7 was observed as the potent strain in lactic acid production that exhibited a halo zone of 8 mm. The bacterial isolate W7 was identified phenotypically and genotypically as Enterococcus faecalis and was deposited in GenBank with accession number KY072975. The effect of different process parameters such as initial pH of the medium, incubation temperature, inoculum size and incubation time was also monitored to enhance lactic acid production and resulted in optimum lactic acid value of 0.72 mg/ml. The salted whey was the most applicable fermentation medium for production of lactic acid by Enterococcus faecalis KY072975 and recorded 2.07 ± 0.1 mg/ml.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24216
Virulence genes and antibiotic resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from children
Get PDFYersinia enterocolitica is a foodborne pathogen which is primarily responsible for gastrointestinal infections. The presence of the virulence genes in Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from children and antimicrobial resistance was studied in this work. The PCR, biotyping and disc diffusion method were used for analysis of Y. enterocolitica strains. Most of Y. enterocolitica strains belonged to biotype 4 and all carried ail, myfA and ystaA genes. Most of them also had the plasmid yadA gene. These genes were also detected in the strains of biotype 2, while in the two strains of biotype 1A only myfA gene was found. The blaA gene was present in all the strains of biotype 4 and 2, while blaB in the strains of biotype 2 and in some of biotype 4 strains. The presence of β-lactamase genes in Y. enterocolitica was not detected in biotype 1A. All strains were resistant to ampicillin, 76.2% and 47.6% were resistant to ticarcillin and piperacillin, respectively. Two strains (9.5%) were resistant to amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid and aztreonam, three (14.3%) to chloramphenicol, four (19%) to amikacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, six (28.6%) to gentamicin. A few strains of Y. enterocolitica were multidrug resistant. The Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from the faeces of children suffering from diarrhea carried virulence genes and some of them were resistant to antibiotics used in extra-intestinal yersiniosis treatment.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.106483
Influence of extracellular matrix on the proliferation and adhesion properties of stem cells derived from different sources
Get PDFOne of the most important issues in regenerative medicine is the development of culture conditions mimicking the natural ones, which allows obtaining a large number of cells and their long-term maintenance in undifferentiated state. In vivo, cells are surrounded by a specific microenvironment called extracellular matrix (ECM), which plays an important role in the regulation of processes such as proliferation, migration, differentiation or apoptosis. In this study we assessed the influence of different extracellular matrix components (fibronectin, laminin, collagen IV, poly-D-lysine) on the in vitro adhesion and proliferation of stem cells isolated from bone marrow, adipose tissue and hair follicles. Our results showed that stem cells derived from different sources present various responses to ECM components. None of the tested extracellular proteins reduced the proliferation of bone marrow as well as adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, with the exception of laminin. This demonstrates the biocompatibility of such modified surfaces and possibility of using them for culturing these types of stem cells. Different results were obtained for hair follicle stem cells. The presented results indicate that ECM is an important component of the cellular niche in the tissue. It is also possible that ECM is required for the reconstitution of the niche of stem cells in vitro.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.82087
Effects of cholecystokinin-octapeptide and cerulein on ovine digestive motility under cholinergic blockade
Get PDFIn sheep, contribution of cholinergic system to the control of gastrointestinal motility by cholecystokinin is unknown. Accordingly, in six non-fasted rams chronic experiments were conducted and the myoelectrical activity of abomasal antrum, duodenum and jejunum was recorded before and after injection of atropine (two doses), pirenzepine (two doses), hexamethonium or atropine plus hexamethonium followed or not by injection of three doses of cholecystokinin octapeptide or cerulein. In the course of the experiments performed, the anticholinergic drugs and hormones suppressed spike burst activity both in abomasal antrum and small bowel and inhibited the migrating myoelectric complex and ‘minute rhythm’. When the hormones were injected after cholinergic blockade, they induced longer inhibitory effects than cholinergic blockade alone. In the small bowel, some stimulatory effects were observed as well. The higher dose of pirenzepine and remaining anticholinergics induced rebound excitation in the small bowel, but when followed by cholecystokinin peptide administration, no rebound effect was denoted. Hexamethonium given alone or in combination with atropine followed by cholecystokinin peptide caused stronger inhibitory effect than that of atropine or pirenzepine. It is concluded that cooperation exists between the cholinergic system and cholecystokinin in the control of gastrointestinal motility in sheep and the role of nicotinic mechanisms is greater than that of muscarinic mechanisms.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.25401
Antioxidant potentialities of some strains belonging to endophytic, entomopathogenic and saprophytic fungi
Get PDFAntioxidants have recently become the topic of interest as radical scavengers, which inhibit the free radical mediated processes. This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activity of 100 fungal strains (26 endophytes, 42 entomopathogens and 32 saprophytes). Three different assays (reducing power, total phenolic contents and flavonoid contents) were determined and used to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the fungal ethanolic extracts. The results revealed that all fungal strains under study showed antioxidant activity up to varying extent. A total of 21, 35 and 19 out of the tested endophytic, entomopathogenic and saprophytic strains, respectively, had a reducing power activity. High reducing power activities (≥ 0.6 mg/ml) were recorded by 9, 20 and 14 strains of the three tested groups, respectively. All tested strains have the ability to produce phenolic compounds with levels ranged from 0.92 to 63.44 mg/ml. The highest levels of total phenolic contents (≥ 40 mg/ml) observed in the extract of 12, 28 and 18 strains of endophytes, entomopathogens and saprophytes, respectively. Finally, all tested strains produced flavonoids with levels of 0.166 to 68.806 mg/ml. The highest flavonoid producers (formed ≥ 35 mg/ml) were only one strain of each of the endophytic and entomopathogenic fungi and three strains of saprophytic fungal group. The obtained results suggest that the tested strains, especially those of endophytes, had the potentiality as sources of strong natural and safe antioxidants for application in food and cosmetics industries.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.39882
Bioconversion of plant wastes to β-carotene by Rhodotorula glutinis KU550702
Get PDFMicrobial synthesis of β-carotene has gained more interest as an alternative to synthetic β-carotene due to easy extraction and high yield. The vitamin microbial production is mainly dependent on culture conditions and the medium compositions. In this study, the β-carotene production by the Rhodo-torula glutinis ASU6 (KU550702) was evaluated under different growth conditions and nutrient composition. Different agro-renewable wastes were tested as carbon source for R. glutinis to obtain maximum amount of β-carotene. Meanwhile, it is clear that R. glutinis could grow well on acid extract of onion peels and produced large amount of β-carotene. Initial statistical screening using a Plackett-Burman design showed temperature, incubation time, fermentation type, non-treated onion waste, KH2PO4 and L-asparagine as significantly, influencing β-carotene production. Response surface methodology was applied to determine the mutual interactions between these parameters and optimal levels for β-carotene production. The maximum value of β-carotene production was 204.29 mg/l (7.5-fold) of value observed as central point of the central composite design. All the experimental data are in good agreement with predicted ones, confirming the responsibility of the proposed empirical model in describing β-carotene production by R. glutinis. In the whole, the outcomes of this study support the exploitation of onion peels through microbial fermentation for β-carotene production