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Exogenous potassium nitrate alleviates salt-induced oxidative stress in maize
Get PDFThe effects of the exogenous potassium nitrate application on major antioxidant enzymes, photosynthetic pigment content, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and free proline were investigated in salt-stressed (75 mM NaCl) maize genotype (ADA 9510). Plants were grown in growth chamber for ten days. After five days of applications (control, 0 mM NaCl), S75 (75 mM NaCl), potassium nitrate (3 mM KNO3) and S75 + potassium nitrate (75 mM NaCl + 3 mM KNO3), plants were harvested. The results showed that salt stress significantly decreased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and free proline contents were increased by salt stress. These results showed that salinity led to the oxidative stress and destruction of photosynthetic pigments in maize leaves. The exogenous potassium nitrate application, on the other hand, caused to the increased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and total carotenoid, elevated level of ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase, and decreased malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and free proline content. This kind of changes may indicate that the exogenous potassium nitrate application activates the antioxidant defence system and counteract the oxidative stress. Thus, it may be concluded that the exogenous potassium nitrate application improves salt tolerance and encourage the growth of maize plants under salt stress at early seedling stage.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.424519
Multiple antibiotic resistant index and detection of qnrS and qnrB genes in bacterial consortium of urine samples from clinical settings
Get PDFThe multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) index and detection of resistant genes in the bacterial consortium of urine samples collected from University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Akure (UNIMEDTH) was evaluated with all microbiological and biotechnological techniques employed utilizing specified standards in this study. Escherichia coli had the highest bacterial count (311.50 ± 0.707 CFU/ml) while Staphylococcus saprophyticus had the least (13.00 ± 2.828 CFU/ml). Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate showed marked resistance against four classes of antibiotics tested. The MAR index of bacterial isolates ranged from 0.5 to 1.0. Fluoroquinolone-resistant P. aeruginosa identified to be P. aeruginosa via 16S rDNA analysis sequence analysis of 417 base pairs with strain mcbay1 deposited in GenBank with accession number MT423976 was positive for qnrS resistant gene. E. faecalis identified by 16S rRNA sequence analysis of 264 bp of the strain mcbay 2 deposited in GenBank with accession number MT423977 was also positive for qnrB resistant gene. The presence of resistant genes in ciprofloxacin-resistant P. aeruginosa and quinolone-resistant E. faecalis in urine samples further emphasized the need for the regulation of over-the-counter prescription and antibiotic susceptibility survey of anti-pseudomonal and anti-enterococcal quinolones in hospital settings.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.430431
Essential oils as green pesticides of stored grain insects
Get PDFEssential oils are naturally occurring phytochemicals produced as secondary metabolite in plants. These are complex mixtures of volatile compounds and generally contain twenty to sixty individual compounds in different concentrations. They are lipophilic in nature and have density lower than water. These interfere with basic metabolic, biochemical, physiological and behavioral functions of insects. Several essential oils and its constituents have been established for their repellent, antifeedant, ovicidal, oviposition inhibitory and developmental inhibitory activities in insects. These insecticides probably interfere with the respiratory and nervous system of the insect to exert its actions. These essential oils provide an alternative source of insect control agents because they contain a range of bioactive chemicals, most of which are selective and have little or no harmful effect on the environment and the non-target organisms including human. Essential oils based formulations can be used as alternative tools in stored-grain insect management.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.352836
The influence of interleukin-6 on the course of ovarian cancer
Get PDFIn Poland, in 2015, according to the National Cancer Registry (NCR), cancer was diagnosed among 163 281 people, including 81 632 women and 81 649 men. Ovarian cancer in 2015 affected 3% of women who had cancer. Interleukin 6 is a glycoprotein that consists of 212 amino acids. The gene encoding interleukin 6 is located on chromosome 7 adjacent to the gene LOC541472 and RSP26P32 in 7p15.3. The sources of interleukin 6 include tumor cells and macrophages that are secreted by bone marrow cells as a result of a process in which monoblasts are transformed into the promonocyte in the bone marrow, and the next monocytes into the macrophage in the blood. Scientific evidence points to an increase of IL-6 in blood by about 10 pg/ml in relations to healthy people and the increased expression of the encoding gene IL-6 by 2.2 in cancer tissue in relation to healthy tissue. The authors of the studies carried out so far do not indicate a connection between the concentration of IL-6 in the blood and the size of the tumor according to the FIGO classification, and predict a shorter survival time for patients with an increased level of IL-6. Mutation in the encoding gene IL-6 174 G>C according to the previously collected research results does not affect the patients’ expected life expectancy. There are no research results that would indicate that the mutation in the IL-6 gene affects its concentration in the blood or the level of gene expression that is responsible for its coding.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.255956
Mesiodens - case report
Get PDFMesiodens is supernumerary tooth which is situated between the central incisors. The most frequent type of supernumerary tooth is a mesiodens. Supernumerary teeth may also disturb the teeth eruption and cause several complications, such as ectopic eruption and midline diastema. A 13 year-old girl (VA), with mesiodens in the upper jaw was presented in this article. She has esthetics, diastema mediana and ectopic position of the left central incisor was present. Orthopantomogram investigations revealed the presences of excessive teeth, in the upper jaw. According to the orthopantomogram’s and clinical findings, the patient was sent at the Department of Oral Surgery for the extraction of the mesiodens. Early and regular dental visits will help to diagnose and avoid problems that mesiodens can cause. Extraction of the mesiodens in the early mixed dentition was recommended, to decrease the risk of clinical complications, lighter spontaneous eruption of adjacent teeth and reduced need for orthodontic treatment after surgery.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.325256
Antibacterial activity of methanol extract of Lawsonia inermis against uropathogenic bacteria
Get PDFUrinary tract infections one of the most common bacterial diseases caused by microbes such as bacteria overcoming the body's defenses in the urinary tract. Extensive studies are needed to identify the bacteria of the infectious agent and to determine the pattern of drug resistance and the identification of effective drugs for proper treatment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of urinary pathogens and compare it with methanol extract of Lawsonia inermis. Urine samples were collected using the mid-stream "clean catch" technique and examined bacteriologically using standard procedures. The antibiotic resistance pattern of each uropathogen isolated was carried by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Methanol extract of the plant was prepared by maceration method and its inhibitory effect on uropathogen isolates studied using well diffusion assay. Based on obtained results, the most common uropathogen isolated was Escherichia coli and the most frequent uropathogens were Gram negative rod bacteria. Most resistant antibiotics were Cefazolin, Ampicillin, Vancomycin and Nitrofurantoin. Methanol extract of Lawsonia inermis showed good antibacterial potential against all uropathogen bacterial isolates. The results suggest that the Lawsonia inermis possess antibacterial properties that support the folk medicinal use of this plant.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.347338
Therapeutic and pharmacological aspects of photodynamic product chlorophyllin
Get PDFMedicinal plants have been used for thousands of years to flavor and conserve food, to treat health disorders and to prevent diseases including epidemics. They can provide biologically active molecules and lead structures for development of modified derivatives with enhanced activity or reduced activity. The isolation and identification of active principles and elucidation of the mechanism of action of a drug is of paramount importance. One such compound is chlorophyllin, a water soluble analogue of the ubiquitous green pigment chlorophyll. It acts as an effective inhibitor of aflatoxin hepatocarcinogenesis in animal models by blocking carcinogen bioavailability. Further anti-cancer effects of chlorophyllin including antioxidant activity, inhibition of enzymatic activity that converts inert procarcinogens into active carcinogens, stimulation of enzymatic activity that promotes the elimination of toxic substances from the body and antitumor activity have likewise been evidenced by controlled studies. Phytotherapy of snails by photodynamic chlorophyllin is a new approach to control the epidemic fasciolosis. Photosensitive chlorophyllin is degraded very fast without the formation of toxic byproducts, therefore, it is environmentally sound and economically safe also.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.263886
Traditional, nutraceutical and pharmacological approaches of Tamarindus indica (Imli)
Get PDFPlants have provided a source of inspiration of novel drug compounds, as plant derived medicines have made large contributions to human health and well-being. An estimate of 75-90% of rural population of the world still relies on herbs for their healthcare. Ayurveda, supposed to be the oldest medical system in the world, provides potential leads to find active and therapeutically useful compounds from plants. Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated that consumption of plant- derived foods rich in bioactive phytochemicals have a protective effect against different aliments related to human health. Tamarindus indica is having numerous reported activities like antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antivenom, antimicrobial, antihelmintic and molluscicidal properties. In spite of these medicinal values this plant is also consumed by rural people as vegetable. It also use as flavoring agent to impart flavor to various dishes and beverage. The present comprehensive review is therefore an effort to give detailed information about botanical description, phytochemical, traditional, nutraceutical and pharmacological approaches of Tamarindus indica.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.334488
Treatment of facial aging with calcium hydroxyapatite - filling and lifting concept
Get PDFThe face is organized in five different layers (skin, muscles, supportive ligaments, fat pads and bones), which are continuous and interconnected with each other from the scalp to the neck. As a result of aging, changes occur in all its tissues and structures, triggering a cascade of effects in the adjacent areas. Actually, the more it is known about the loss of volume, the better it is to establish the target spots for volume replacement, with consequent more natural- and harmonious-looking outcomes. However, the skin is the outer envelope of the face, which, in the natural process of aging, has a lower capacity to completely accommodate any underlying volume loss or displacement. The result is the formation of creases and folds due to skin sagging. To describe the effects of the injection of calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) targeting two objectives at the same time: the restoration of volume loss to compensate the changes in the tridimensional structure and the improvement in skin texture caused by the stimulus to collagen synthesis, thus reducing the sagging of soft tissues envelope. Owing to the mechanism of action of CaHA, its application can be done in two differentiated and little invasive ways so that these objectives can be reached simultaneously. This technique can provide safe, natural and long-lasting rejuvenating effects.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.356983
Extended spectrum and metallo-beta-lactamase Pseudomonas species from poultry and piggery waste
Get PDFBeta-lactamase producing bacteria have become a public health burden due to antibiotics usage in livestock production. This study was carried out to detect extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producing Pseudomonas spp. from poultry droppings and piggery dung in Ibadan. Poultry droppings and piggery dung were collected from the University of Ibadan livestock farms while isolation of Pseudomonas spp. was done using Pseudomonas base agar supplemented with Pseudomonas C-N supplement and were conventionally characterized. Detection of ESBL and MBL producing isolates were by double disc synergy test and imipenem-EDTA combined disc test respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was by disc diffusion method against trimethoprim (5 µg), amoxicillin/clavulanate (30 µg), cefotaxime (30 µg), ceftazidime (30 µg), cefepime (30 µg), aztreonam (30 µg), imipenem (10 µg), gentamicin (10 µg) and ciprofloxacin (10 µg). A total of 108 Pseudomonas spp. were isolated comprising 53.7% from poultry droppings and 46.3% from piggery dung. The isolates include P. aeruginosa (63.0%), P. putida (24.0%) and P. stutzeri (13.0%). While the ESBL producers were P. aeruginosa (10.2%) and P. stutzeri (1.9%), none of the isolates produced MBL. However, 63.6% the ESBL producers showed resistance to trimethoprim while 61.5% were multidrug resistant. The high prevalence of antibiotics resistance and multidrug resistant strains observed among the Pseudomonas spp. infer that poultry droppings and piggery dung can serves as a reservoir for growth and dissemination of clinically significant antibiotics resistance among bacterial species.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.348957