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Povidone-iodine in wound healing and prevention of wound infections
Get PDFThe wound infections caused by bacteria and fungi are a significant problem in healthcare. Therefore, an effective treatment and prevention seems to be essential. Povidone-iodine is one of the commercial antimicrobial agents used for skin disinfection, in surgery and for local anti-infective treatment. The broad activity spectrum of this compound includes numerous species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. Povidone-iodine is recommended for acute wounds as well as lacerations, bruises and deep wounds due to its good tissue penetration.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.395822
Using prostatic fluid levels of zinc concentration in non-invasive and highly accurate screening for prostate cancer
Get PDFProstate specific antigen (PSA) does not provide the high reliability and precision that is required for an accurate screening for prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of our study was to search for a simple, rapid, direct, preferably non-invasive, and highly accurate biomarker and procedure for the screening for PCa. For this purpose the level of Zn was prospectively evaluated in expressed prostatic fluid (EPF), obtained from 38 apparently healthy males and from 33, 51, and 24 patients with chronic prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia and PCa, respectively. Measurements were performed using an application of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent (EDXRF) microanalysis developed by us. It was found that in the EPF of cancerous prostates the level of Zn was significantly lower in comparison with those in the EPF of normal, inflamed, and hyperplastic prostates. It was shown that “Sensitivity”, “Specificity” and “Accuracy” of PCa identification using the Zn level in the EPF samples were all significantly higher than those resulting from of PSA tests in blood serum. It was concluded that the Zn level in EPF, obtained by EDXRF, is a fast, reliable, and non-invasive diagnostic tool that can be successfully used by local, non-urologist physicians at the point-of-care to provide a highly effective PCa screening and as an additional confirmatory test before a prostate gland biopsy.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.360684
Risk factors and prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Yemeni women attending Al-Zahrawi Medical Center in Sana'a City
Get PDFVitamin D deficiency is taken into account a serious public unhealthiness that affects people across all life stages. Vitamin D deficiency is thought to affect over one billion people worldwide and currently considered a pandemic. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and assess risk factors of vitamin D deficiency in Yemeni women aged 15-75 in Sana'a City. The present cross-sectional study used a convenience sample of ninety-four women aged 15-75 years and conducted in Al-Zahrawi Medical Center in Sana'a City between August and November 2018. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were measured in all participants after recruiting their sociodemographics, health, lifestyle, multivitamin and dietary intakes, and anthropometric data. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were defined as normal (>30 ng/mL), insufficiency (20-30 ng/mL), deficiency (10-20 ng/mL), and severe deficiency (<10 ng/mL). IBM SPSS Statistics version 20 was used for data analysis. The results showed that the overall prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (25(OH)D <30 ng/mL) was 87.2%; 23.4% of them had severe deficiency (˂10 ng/mL), 31.9% had deficiency (≥10-<20 ng/mL), and 31.9% had vitamin D insufficiency (≥20-<30 ng/mL). Symptoms of vitamin D deficiency and smoking were statistically associated with vitamin D status (P= 0.001 and 0.031), respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that there are alarming levels of vitamin D deficiency in a sample of Yemeni women. There is an urgent need for intervention programs to increase vitamin D concentrations of these women. Also, many efforts must begin to prevent health effects related to vitamin D deficiency.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.374422
Pathogenesis of IL-6 and potential therapeutic of IFN-γ in COVID-19
Get PDFThe elevated inflammatory cytokines suggest that a cytokine storm, also known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), may play a major role in the pathology of pandemic Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) leading to cause Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiple organ dysfunction then death. However, there was a controversial efficacy of corticosteroids in the treatment of COVID-19 induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Novel therapies to treat COVID-19-induced CRS become urgent needed. One of the most common cytokine that showed to be critical in the COVID-19 is the IL-6 and this article discuss the pathogenesis of this cytokine in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Also, this article proposes to utilize interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade and potential therapeutic effect of IFN-γ to manage COVID-19-induced CRS and discuss several factors that should be taken into consideration for its clinical application.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.400424
Polyhexanide (PHMB) – properties and applications in medicine
Get PDFPolyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) is one of the many antiseptics available in the medicine. It stands out from the others with its numerous advantages. It has a low toxicity factor, chemical stability, and bactericidal effect on most microorganisms. PHMB is used in many areas of medicine, veterinary medicine, gastronomy, and industry. The application of polyhexanide in the treatment of chronic wounds allows for fast regeneration and reduced time of wound treatment and hospitalization. According to the Recommendations of the Polish Wound Treatment Society, PHMB is recommended in treatment of critically colonized wounds, wounds at risk infection, burns, and decontamination of acute and chronic wounds, and as second choice in infected wounds.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.395681
Direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with nitrate reductase assay and microscopic observation drug susceptibility
Get PDFThe global increase in tuberculosis drug resistant which is a threat to its control, require low cost method of diagnosis and detection. Available conventional and molecular methods consume time, and are expensive for countries with high disease burden. Nitrate Reductase Assay (NRA) and Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility (MODS) performance to directly detect tuberculosis resistance to four drugs was evaluated. The NRA (liquid and solid) and MODS performance of smear-positive sputum samples were evaluated; Sensitivities and specificities were compared with Proportion Method (PM). Sensitivity and specificity of liquid NRA (LNRA) were 90% and 98% (rifampicin), 81.8% and 100% (isoniazid), 88.9% and 98.1% (streptomycin), and 57.1% and 94.4% (ethambuthol). Also, the sensitivity and specificity for solid NRA (SNRA) were 69.2% and 98.3% (rifampicin); 100% and 100% (isoniazid); 88.9% and 95.2% (streptomycin); 70% and 80.6% (ethambuthol). Moreover, For MODS, rifampicin and isoniazid sensitivity and specificity was 100%, it was 100% and 98.1% for streptomycin, and 71.4% and 98.2% for ethambuthol. At day 14, the results available for LNRA, SNRA and MODS were 93%, 68.5% and 100% respectively. The agreement between LNRA and PM was 97% (RIF, INH and SM) and 90% (EMB). For SNRA, it was 93% (RIF), 100% (INH), 94% (SM) and 89% (EMB). While for MODS, it was 100% (RIF and INH), 98% (SM) and 95% (EMB). Direct NRA and MODS are sensitive, reliable and fast for antituberculosis drug susceptibility; they have potential to effectively and reliably detect drug resistant tuberculosis in the low resource countries.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.429588
Establishment of plant residues and inorganic fertilizer application for growth and yield of Vigna unguiculata (L.) in flood-affected cropland of Koshi Tappu Region, Eastern Nepal
Get PDFFlood increases due to an increase in river overflow which affects on abiotic and biotic factors. The preliminary study of flood-affected crops was carried out in flood-affected cropland of Koshi Tappu Region of Eastern Nepal. For the experiment the plant residues of Eichhornia crassipes and Sesbania rostrata and inorganic fertilizer were selected to examine the growth and yield in Vigna unguiculata. The appropriate treatments for the production of V. unguiculata were analyzed. Before applying treatments, soil was collected and analyzed for physicochemical, microbial biomass and available nitrogen. Soil texture, soil moisture, water holding capacity and bulk density (BD) were calculated. The parameters such as soil pH organic carbon, organic matter and total nitrogen were determined. Soil microbe increases the significance of organic carbon and soil nitrogen is correlated for growth and yield. The results showed that the combined urea and plant residue increases the highest yield. And the Eichhornia compost represents the highest leaf area index and biomass. The total pod production was found in the Echhhornia compost. The dry weight per single pod in Eichhornia fresh was 7.82 g and in Sesbania fresh was 7.42 g. It proves that the land pattern is significant for the soil organic compounds. The experiment showed that the use of plant residues enhanced the increase of physicochemical properties of soil by adding the nutrients. The combined Urea + Eichhornia supports the best growth and development of the plant.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.433815
Marine biomolecules: a promising approach in therapy and biotechnology
Get PDFThe marine environment is characterized by a wide diversity of microorganisms among which marine bacteria. To insure their survival in hostile conditions where they face high competition with pathogenic microorganisms, they produce various kinds of bioactive molecules within biofilms with unique structural and functional features. As example: marine peptides which provide a broad spectrum of antimicrobial, antitumoral, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities, in addition to marine exopolysaccharides showing antifouling and antifungal activities, immunomodulatory properties, emulsion stabilization capacity with other various potentials. Some biofilms have shown a beneficial role for aquaculture, among which enhancement of growth performance and improvement of water quality, while others are threatening not only aquaculture and maritime fields, but also medicine and food industry. Thus, marine bioactive compounds are promising preventing agents for the establishment and growth of fouling microorganisms, which may be useful in different fields in order to decrease economic losses and avoid foodborne illnesses.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.438415
Production and optimization of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from Bacillus megaterium as biodegradable plastic
Get PDFAmong biodegradable plastics polyhydroxy alkanate and its polymers have received more attention than other biodegradable polymers because of their complete degradability, flexibility, water resistance and also the ease of production process. Polyhydroxybutyrate is one of the types of polyhydroxy alkanates that is seen as a storage granule in many microorganisms. In this study, Bacillus megaterium was prepared from Iranian microbial collection. Glucose and yeast extract were used as the main components of the medium in seed media 9 and 2.5 g/l and in fermentation medium 30 and 7.5 g/l respectively. GC-MASS and FTIR were used to identify the PHB produced. The results showed that the highest amount of biomass (0.221 g/l) and PHB (0.080 g/l) were obtained with glucose at 37°C and shaker speed of 150 rpm for 72 h incubation. The results of GC MASS and FTIR showed the production of PHB by Bacillus under investigation. Based on the mean of data on total cell growth conditions, the rate of cell biomass and PHB production in B. megaterium were 0.0869 and 0.0171 respectively. According to the results of the experiments, temperature had the greatest effect on biomass production and PHB production. The bioplastics produced by microbes are also highly degradable in the environment, and due to their specific chemical structure, they have been widely used in various fields of the food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries and are likely to replace today's plastics in the near future.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.371140
Phycoremediation of water contaminated with arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from a mining site in Minna, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study was designed to remediate water contaminated with heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium and lead) using two green macroalgal species, Spirogyra and Cladophora. The results obtained from this study indicate that both macroalgae can be employed to adsorb and detoxify any of the three heavy metals from aqueous solution. However, it was also discovered from the study that Cladophora adsorbed and detoxified more of the cadmium and lead than arsenic as the organism had removal efficiency for cadmium and lead as 88.78% and 94.85% respectively meanwhile for arsenic it was only 23.10%. On the otherhand however, Spirogyra adsorbed more of arsenic than cadmium and lead as the organism had a record of 82.76% of arsenic compared to the 28.97% and 47.43%absorption forcadmium and lead respectively. It is therefore concluded based on the results of the present study that reclamation and reuse of water from public or industrial wastewater, or even from water contaminated as a result of precious metal mining is a huge possibility through the application of phycoremediation, using different species of micro and macroalgae.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.373530