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Diversity and extracellular enzyme profiles of yeasts on organic and fungicide treated strawberries
Get PDFSince yeasts can survive under variable environmental conditions using different food sources they have a wide distribution in nature. Fruits are suitable living spaces for yeasts and other microorganisms due to their high and different sugar contents. Strawberry fruit as well as other fruits are very sensitive to pathogenic fungi. Due to their residues on fruits, limitations on the use of fungicides have led to increased use of microorganisms with antagonistic effects as biological control agents. The biological agents to be used are selected mainly from the microorganisms found in the natural microbiota of the fruit. Therefore, in this study yeast biota on strawberry fruit collected from fungicide treated (Klorzon and Topas) and organic fields was determined using molecular identification methods. In addition, extracellular enzyme profiles of the identified yeast species were determined by the APIZYM-based system. There was no difference in the diversity of yeast species on strawberries collected from fungicide treated and organic fields, but the yeast density on organic strawberries was greater than fungicide treated fruits. The identified yeast species on fruits were determined as Metschnikowia pulcherrima (61.7%), Hanseniaspora uvarum (34.0%) and Wickerhamomyces pijperi (4.3%). W. pijperi yeast species was reported on strawberry fruit in our study first time. It was determined that H. uvarum and W. pijperi yeast species showed no α-glucosidase enzyme activity. All yeast strains showed industrially important β-glucosidase enzyme activity.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.553970
Antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials, total phenolic contents of some herbal waters
Get PDFThe aim of the actual study is to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant potentials, total phenolic contents of thyme (Thymus sp.), myrtle (Myrtus communis L.), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus L.) and rosemary herbal waters (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). They were bought a retailer in Giresun. In the studies, it was determined that only thyme water exhibited antimicrobial activity in all herbal waters. Streptomycine, tetracycline and nystatin which were synthetic antimicrobials demonstrated higher activity than studied herbal waters. Moreover; total flavonoid contents of the tested waters ranges from 50.19±0.0038 µL CE/mL to 126.15±0.004 µL CE/mL. The highest and the lowest total phenolic contents were detected in the thyme water and the eucalyptus water as 688.18±0.009 µL GAE/mL and 24.54±0.0008 µL GAE/mL, respectively. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of the herbal waters exhibited a dose dependent manner and increased with increasing conentrations. As a result of this study, it was concluded that thyme water could be an alternative to synthetic antimicrobial agents and thyme water, myrtle water, eucalyptus water and rosemary waters might be an alternative to synthetic antioxidative agents. Hence, further and detailed investigations are needed to determine active constituents in the herbal waters.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.450154
The Biodiversity of the oak groves of the Tlemcen Mountains, Algeria. Phytoecological aspects
No full textThe objective of this study is to know the influence of environmental conditions on the distribution of oak species in the Tlemcen Mountains. We made a bioclimatic and floristic study on four stations located on the mountain ranges of the Tlemcen Mountains. This study was carried out, taking into account the ecological aspect oriented towards the presence of oak species within the four study stations. The main ecological gradients governing the ecological trends of oak forests in this area have been characterized. The ecological dynamics of oak taxa within the local floristic procession for each station was analyzed by Mintab 16 software according to factorial discrimination of correspondences (A.FC), which led us to highlight the most influential ecological gradients.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.552719
Phytochemical profile, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of fumitory (Fumaria capreolata L.) from Algeria
Get PDFFumitory or Fumaria capreolata L. is a medicinal plant, spontaneous and widely distributed in North Africa, particularly in Algeria. It has been recognized for centuries for its therapeutic virtues, and it is used in traditional medicine in the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases, gastrointestinal disorders and in the treatment of skin diseases. The phytochemical screening carried out on the aerial part of the species F. capreolata L., revealed the richness of this plant in secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, catechic tannins, sterols and terpenes. On the other hand, we noticed the absence of cardinolides, leuco-anthocyanins, quinones and starch in all parts of the plant. Quantitative spectrophotometric analysis allowed us to detect the levels of total polyphenols using the reagent of Folin-Ciocalteu, according to the results obtained we find that the species F. capreolata is rich in these compounds (14.27 ± 1.65 mg GAE/g). The evaluation of the antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH method, indicated that the ethanolic extract of F. capreolata L. showed significant antioxidant activity, with an IC50 = 0.27 mg/ml. And it also has a strong inhibitory activity of the coupled oxidation of linoleic acid and β-carotene, with a percentage of 88.46 ± 1.02% at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml. In addition, the crude extract of F. capreolata L., also exhibits a good iron reduction capacity, with a maximum optical density of 0.349 at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.548449
Effect of different plant bio-stimulants in improving cucumber growth under soilless culture
Get PDFThere are more studies about plant bio-stimulants but no clear results about which is the best one in improving vegetable crops specially cucumber. The aim of this study is to screen the effect of various bio-stimulants in improving cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) growth under soilless culture via root application by modifying coco-peat culture media substrate. In the present study, we tested fifteen treatments as follow: T1 -control (CK); T2 - 10 mM putrescine (Put); T3 - 250 ppm seaweed (Sea); T4 - 0.02 ppm meta-topolin (MT); T5 - 100 ppm naphthalene acetic acid (NAA); T6 - 400 ppm polyaspartic acid (PAS); T7 - 50 ppm sodium nitrophenolate (98% NIT); T8 - 100 ppm tryptophan (AAF); T9 - 1% fulvic acid (FUL); T10 - 107 CFU/ml Bacillus subtilis (BAS); T11 - 106 CFU/ml Trichoderma (TRI); T12 - 50 ppm alanine (ALa); T13 - 150 ppm salicylic acid (SA); T14 - 1 mM silicon (SiO2) and T15 - 0.001 ppm 24-epibrassinolide (EBR). The results obviously showed that using all bio-stimulants significantly increased cucumber growth parameters (plant height, stem diameter, leaves number, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, and root fresh weight). Seedlings Vigor Index (SVI) increased multifold compared with control by all treatments. The increase in cucumber seedlings vigor had a highly significant effect compared with control and the increase was 55.9% followed by 55.2% and 53.4% by Put, MT, and EBR treatments respectively. Our study concluded that the application of plant bio-stimulants can be used to modify coco-peat substrate with a positive effect on plant growth and improvement of cucumber plants under soilless culture.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.442027
Avulsion of primary teeth - a case report
Get PDFAvulsed primary tooth is totally dislodgement from the socket and require prompt recognition and treatment. A 3-year old girl visited Department for preventive and pediatric dentistry within the University Dental Center Ss. Pantelejmon in Skopje, due to a tooth injury in the upper jaw after falling during walking at home yard. The injury happened the day before, so the time taken from the injury to the arrival of the pediatric dentist was more than 24 hours. The girl did not have any signs or symptoms of neurological damage. After obtaining accident history and performed clinical examination and X-ray the diagnosis of complete traumatic dental avulsion 61 was made. The teeth was transported in a glass bottle with physiological solution. According to the guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology, replantation of deciduous teeth is contraindicated because it can cause a number of complications. Avulsion as a dental trauma injury leads to premature loss of primary incisors thus causing numbers of short‐ and long‐term sequelae on the life of the child. Therefore, the role of the pediatric dentist is very important, who should manage these injuries well and should give advice and support to the parents and manage the child constantly and accordingly in the post-traumatic period.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.508817
Silkworm larvae (Bombyx mori) can learn cues associated with finding food
Get PDFThe present study investigated the ability of silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) larvae to learn. Silkworm larvae were trained to consume food that was placed on red paper; consequently they became attracted to red, rather than blue paper even in the absence of food. In contrast, untrained controls had no preference for either red or blue paper. These results suggested that silkworm larvae learned to associate red paper with food, and that they can discriminate colors.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.560946
Screening of yeasts obtained from different fermented foods for their ability to produce pectinase
Get PDFIn the present study, Citrus pectin was used for the production of pectinase enzyme by yeast isolates using submerged fermentation. Fifty yeasts were isolated from different fermented foods and screened for their producing ability. Candida sp. OG2 and Candida tropicalis strain AUMC 10275 were the yeast isolates with the best potential of pectinase production. Fermentation parameters such as incubation period, pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen source were optimized under submerged fermentation. The optimal conditions for pectinase production were found to be incubation time 48 hours, pH 6.0 and temperature 40°C. Citrus pectin best induced the production of pectinase while yeast extract/peptone (1:1) was the best source of nitrogen. Pectinase produced by Candida tropicalis strain AUMC 10275 was purified at 4.00 folds with a specific activity of 63.99 U/ml. The yeasts obtained from fermented foods have the ability to produce pectinase enzyme under optimized conditions and can be used for industrial purposes.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.382864
Laboratory diagnostic methods and reported outbreaks of anthrax in Ethiopia
Get PDFAnthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, a Gram-positive, non-motile, spore-forming bacterium. It is a globally distributed disease, having been reported from all continents that are populated heavily with animals and humans. The objectives were to review general laboratory diagnostic testing methods and reported outbreaks of anthrax in Ethiopia. Anthrax was second top zoonotic priority next to rabies and endemic in Ethiopia that may occur in May and June every year (Anthrax season) in several farming localities. Animal hosts acquire the disease through grazing, usually by ingestion or inhalation while there are three major routs of transmission: ingestion, inhalation and cutaneous. This review indicated that anthrax remains to be major public and animal health problem in Ethiopia. Although suspected cases of anthrax are reported from several districts, they are not well confirmed by laboratories. Prevention and control of anthrax in animals effectively reduces its impact on public health and the national economy. The control of anthrax outbreaks among domestic animals is primarily dependent on rapid identification and treatment of affected animals; enhanced surveillance for additional cases; implementation of control measures including quarantine, prophylaxis, vaccination and the proper disposal of dead animals with decontamination is critical.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.377389
Leiodinychus orbicularis (C.L. Koch, 1839) in bat boxes in Poland
Get PDFThe presented studies are the first one on the occurrence of mites in bat boxes and focuses on Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata). Investigation was carried out in Western Poland in October 2015. Guano was collected from 58 bat boxes occupied by 10 species of bats. Excrements from particular bat boxes were placed separately in string bags and transported to the laboratory. The extracted fauna was preserved in 75% ethanol and mites were identified with stereoscopic light microscope. The study revealed only one species of Uropodina mite on bat guano in the studied bat boxes, namely Leiodinychus orbicularis (C.L. Koch, 1839).
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.383591