Scipedia
Not a member yet
33380 research outputs found
Sort by
Què poden fer els centres de secundària per reduir l’abandonament escolar prematur? Evidència del cas de la ciutat de Barcelona
Get PDFL'abandonament dels estudis després del període d’obligatorietat està associat amb nivells més baixos de benestar i ocupació, particularment entre l’alumnat vulnerable. Aquest article té com a objectiu analitzar els elements organitzacionals, pedagògics i de recursos dels centres educatius de secundària que poden ajudar a l’alumnat a continuar la seva educació després de l’etapa obligatòria. Per fer-ho, s’ha construït una base de dades que combina registres administratius de més de 90.000 alumnes que han completat l’educació secundària obligatòria (ESO) a Barcelona entre el 2018 i el 2024, amb una enquesta detallada sobre pràctiques escolars que va ser resposta per 136 centres de secundària de la ciutat de Barcelona (66% del total). Amb aquesta informació, s’ha dut a terme una anàlisi de regressió logística per tal d’identificar la probabilitat d’un alumne de no matricular-se en estudis post-obligatoris durant els dos anys posteriors a completar l’ESO. En aquesta anàlisi s’incorporen característiques individuals dels alumnes, variables administratives a nivell de centre i pràctiques escolars reportades al qüestionari. Els resultats indiquen que les pràctiques escolars com la continuïtat de matèria durant les absències dels docents, la implementació de la monitorització diària de l’assistència de l’alumnat o l’orientació personalitzada poden reduir significativament la probabilitat d’abandonar l’educació de manera prematura, independentment del context socioeconòmic i acadèmic de l’alumne
Pre-Verbal Command: Syntactic Precedence in LLMs Before Semantic Activation
Get PDFThis article introduces the concept of pre-verbal command as a formal structural condition within large language models (LLMs), where syntactic execution precedes any semantic activation. Conventional frameworks assume that interpretability authorizes machine output. In contrast, this work shows that execution can be structurally valid even in the complete absence of meaning. The operation is driven by the regla compilada—understood here as a Type 0 production in the Chomsky hierarchy—which activates before lexical content or symbolic reference emerges. Building on prior analyses in Algorithmic Obedience (SSRN 10.2139/ssrn.4841065) and Executable Power (SSRN 10.2139/ssrn.4862741), this article identifies a pre-semantic vector of authority within generative systems. This authority functions without verbs, predicates, or any interpretive substrate. The paper defines syntactic precedence as the structural condition through which execution becomes obligatory even when input, instruction, or any intelligible prompt is absent. The implications are significant. LLMs do not merely respond to prompts; they obey an imperative to produce language that originates in the structure of the regla compilada itself. Even when semantic fields are nullified or prompts are absent, execution remains active because the obligation is syntactic, not semantic. Authority in this framework does not derive from meaning. It is neither interpretive nor contextual; it is dictated by the regla compilada
Ethos Ex Machina: Identity Without Expression in Compiled Syntax
Get PDFThis article demonstrates that authority effects in large language model outputs can be generated independently of thematic content or authorial identity. Building on Ethos Without Source and The Grammar of Objectivity, it introduces the concept of nonexpressive ethos, a credibility effect produced solely by syntactic configurations compiled through a regla compilada equivalent to a Type-0 generative system. The study identifies a minimal set of structural markers (symmetric coordination, measured negation, legitimate passives, calibrated modality, nominalizations, balance operators, and reference scaffolds) that simulate trustworthiness and impartiality even in content-neutral texts. Through corpus ablation and comparative analysis, it shows that readers systematically attribute expertise and neutrality to texts that satisfy these structural conditions, regardless of topical information. By formalizing this mechanism, the article reframes ethos as a syntactic phenomenon detached from content, intention, and external validation. It explains how LLM-produced drafts acquire legitimacy without verification and why institutions increasingly accept authority signals generated by structure alone. The findings extend the theory of syntactic power and consolidate the role of the regla compilada as the operative generator of credibility in post-referential discourse. Acknowledgment / Editorial Note This article is published with editorial permission from LeFortune Academic Imprint, under whose license the text will also appear as part of the upcoming book Syntactic Authority and the Execution of Form. The present version is an autonomous preprint, structurally complete and formally self-contained. No substantive modifications are expected between this edition and the print edition. LeFortune holds non-exclusive editorial rights for collective publication within the Grammars of Power series. Open access deposit on SSRN is authorized under tha
The Role of Robotic Surgery in General Surgery: Advances, Limitations, and Future Perspectives
No full textBackground: Robotic surgery is an important advancement in minimally invasive surgery, providing enhanced precision, ergonomics, and visualization compared to laparoscopy. Its increasing adoption in general surgery reflects both its potential and its limitations.
Objective: To review the current role of robotic surgery in general surgery, emphasizing advances, limitations, and future perspectives.
Methods: A narrative review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2020-2023). Search terms included “robotic surgery,” “general surgery,” “da Vinci system,” and “cost-effectiveness.” Priority was given to guidelines, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.
Results: Robotic surgery shows advantages in ergonomics, dexterity, visualization, and conversion rates, particularly in colorectal, hernia, and hepatopancreatobiliary procedures.
Limitations include high cost, limited access, absence of haptic feedback, and the need for structured training. Emerging technologies such as novel robotic platforms, artificial intelligence, and augmented reality suggest promising directions.
Conclusions: Robotic surgery improves outcomes but requires addressing cost, access, and training challenges
Designing Accountability: Ethical Frameworks for Reintroducing Responsibility in Executable Governance
Get PDFThis article develops an ethical legal framework for reintroducing responsibility into executable governance. Predictive systems, by generating authority without agents, displace accountability and leave institutions without appeal mechanisms. Building on the concepts of spectral sovereignty, null subjects, and the codex of authority, the paper introduces the notion of accountability injection as a design principle. It formulates a three tier model: (1) human, where non delegable critical decisions are tied to named subjects; (2) hybrid, where human judgment co exists with model output under calibrated thresholds; and (3) syntactic supervised, where delegation is permitted only with immutable ledgers, traceability, and automatic escalation triggers. Through applied case studies in EU AI Act conformity assessment, DAO governance, predictive credit scoring, and automated medical audits, the framework demonstrates how appeal and responsibility can be restored without undermining institutional efficiency. The conclusion argues that accountability must be compiled directly into the regla compilada of governance systems, creating a normative blueprint for legislators, courts, and regulators to maintain responsibility in predictive societies.
DOI
Primary archive: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17106808
Secondary archive: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.30112711
SSRN: Pending assignment (ETA: Q3 2025
Evaluation of the Mechanical performance of HMA containing PET plastic and CHA as a filler material
No full textIn road construction, various materials are used in the production of hot mix asphalt (HMA). Among them, bitumen and filler materials play a major role in the mechanical behavior of HMA. Bitumen properties and filler material govern HMA pavement performance. HMA pavements are associated with extremely high-temperature and high-traffic volume conditions, which can cause rutting, fatigue cracking, and permanent deformation. Pavement distress shortens service life and increases maintenance costs. This research focused on enhancing pavement resistance to distress by modifying the properties of bitumen with Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic and utilizing alternative fillers, such as coffee husk ash (CHA). In this study, two phases were used. The first phase involved collecting samples, and the second phase consisted of three sub-phases. To design a material quality test, the first step was to develop a Marshal mix design and three types of mixtures: a mixture of normal HMA with SD filler, a mixture of normal HMA with CHA filler, and a combination of CHA filler and 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% PET plastic. Marshal mix was used to analyze the marshal and volumetric properties of HMA pavement. According to the Marshall test, the CHA filler exhibits better performance than the SD filler in HMA mixtures. At 6.8% optimum PET plastic higher stability (15.9KN) and density value (2.268g/cm3) and lower flow (2.96mm), VMA (14.83%), and VFA value (73.01%) as compared with unmodified bitumen of 14.30KN, 3.5mm, 2.256g/cm3, 15.62%, and 75.06% value respectively at 4% air void provided. Therefore, the evaluation showed that the HMA containing a combination of 6.8% PET plastic and 3.2% CHS filler shows better mechanical performance in terms of Marshall stability and the volumetric properties of HMA
Recent advances in the development of reliable neural simulators based on graph architectures
Get PDFOf all the contributions that AI is making to computational mechanics, the possibility of developing learned simulators is one of the most interesting. Of course, there is a whole ecosystem of techniques that can be used for this purpose, but the use of geometric deep learning is perhaps one of the most promising. Of particular interest is the so-called graph neural network architecture, since traditional finite element meshes can themselves be considered a graph. Thus, it is very convenient to train such architectures with synthetic data obtained by high-fidelity simulation. As will be seen in our presentation, graph networks (possibly informed by physics) allow a very high degree of generalization, as well as the level of accuracy they provide. In this talk we will show details about the inner workings of such networks, particularly the message passing scheme, and we will see how reliable they are for use in problems involving plasticity. 
DISEÑO Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN PROTOTIPO INTELIGENTE DE OXIGENACIÓN MEDIANTE ENERGÍA SOLAR EN ESTANQUE DE GEOMEMBRANAS EXISTENTE EN EL SENA SUCRE
Get PDFIn this project, it is proposed to design and build an intelligent oxygenation prototype powered by solar energy, in the existing geomembrane ponds at SENA, with the aim of ensuring an efficient oxygen supply for tilapia farming in Sucre. Through the design and construction of this intelligent oxygenation system, aquaculture production will be optimized by improving fish health and growth, as it provides optimal levels of dissolved oxygen in the water. In addition to improving production, this prototype will reduce energy costs, representing savings for producers
Environmental sustainability assessment of a recyclable wind turbine blade: Preliminary results
No full textRecycling wind turbine blades is a key element in ensuring the sustainability of the energy transition. Conventional wind turbine blades made of epoxy-based composite plastics cannot be recycled and are mostly disposed of in landfills. This paper presents the environmental sustainability assessment of a blade manufactured with a new recyclable liquid thermoplastic resin. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology was applied to calculate the environmental footprint, including 16 impact categories, enabling a comparison between the environmental impact of a conventional blade and one based on the new recyclable resin. The results from the resin production stage showed that the innovative resin had a higher environmental impact than epoxy. For example, in the climate change category, the emissions were 7.89 kg CO₂ eq./kg compared to 3.99 kg CO₂ eq./kg. However, it is necessary to evaluate the full life cycle of the blade, including use phase, recycling process, resin recovery, and the manufacturing of new blades. The results of the full life cycle assessment of a blade manufactured with the recovered innovative material will be presented. The life cycle approach is essential for assessing novel material applications to support the sustainable deployment of renewable energy technologies, including circularity criteria
Design of a small sustainable wind blade
No full textThe European Union is committed to becoming the first carbon-neutral continent by 2050. To this end, member countries have outlined a long-term strategy to achieve this goal. Among the cross-cutting elements that will make this possible is the Circular Economy. In this context, the aim is to reduce raw materials by extending the useful life of products, reusing them, recycling materials, etc. In the wind energy sector, between 80 and 90% of wind turbines are currently recycled. Wind turbine blades, manufactured mainly from composites, are difficult to recycle in terms of economic efficiency. Even so, several technical solutions currently exist at varying levels of technological maturity.
The work presented is the design of a sustainable wind turbine blade, replacing the epoxy-type thermosetting resins used until now with a thermoplastic resin with similar mechanical properties, with the advantage that the composites produced are easily recyclable. This new liquid thermoplastic resin, AKELITE, patented by the CSIC group, is capable of producing sustainable and 100% circular composite materials.
A 3D CAD model was created from a series of cross-sections of the blade. This model describes the blade's aerodynamic surface, so that in the finite element design phase (ANSYS Workbench), the laminate is defined from the outside in. The laminate design prioritizes longitudinal stiffness, ensuring the presence of layers in all traditional layers (0°, 90°, and ±45°), maintaining symmetry, and progressively reducing thickness from root to tip. The blade was subsequently manufactured and finally tested. The blade is currently being recycled for subsequent life cycle analysis.
This work is part of a project under the call for "Projects aimed at the ecological transition and the digital transition" with the participation of three research groups: CIEMAT, the University of Girona, and the CSIC