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Evaluation of classical and machine-learning based wall-models for wall-modeled LES (WMLES) in view of ship hydrodynamics
Get PDFEvaluation of conventional behavior of bitumen containing PET plastic and HMA pavement response utilizing 3D-Move analysis software
Get PDFA well-developed road network provides good services for road consumers. Most roads in the world are paved with flexible materials. Bitumen has viscous-elastic properties and is very sensitive to temperature. It plays a vital role in producing hot mix asphalt and influences the performance of HMA pavement. Flexible pavements are associated with extreme temperatures, which can cause rutting and fatigue cracking. Pavement distress shortens service life and increases maintenance costs. This research focused on improving pavement resistance to distress by modifying bitumen's conventional properties with alternative materials, such as shredded PET plastic. In this study, two stages were applied. The first stage was collecting samples, and the second stage determined the conventional properties of bitumen by adding 3%, 6%, and 9% of shredded PET plastic to the bitumen. Penetration, ductility, and softening point tests were performed to analyze the conventional behavior of bitumen. Finally, top-down and bottom-up cracks are used to evaluate rutting damage, with 3D-Move analysis software that accounts for moving vehicles under various loads and speeds. From the conventional bitumen test, adding 3% PET plastic to the bitumen has no significant effect on penetration grade, Ductility, or softening point. However, when 6% and 9% PET by weight of bitumen mixed, the penetration grade, ductility, and softening result become 49.3mm, 45.5mm, 97mm, 85mm, and 57mm and 62oC, respectively compared with the penetration grade, ductility, and softening point value of unmodified bitumen (66.5mm, 142cm, and 48.9oC). Besides, the 3D-Move Analysis software results show that asphalt binders with higher PET plastic content best resist rutting, top-down cracking, and bottom cracks
