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Competitiveness of Computational Modelling Strategies: a Framework to Implement Efficient Digital Twins of Historical Masonry Structures
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Application of mechanical modelling strategies to the hygrothermal analysis of masonry walls
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Research on Airborne System Simulation Methodology Based on AI-Enhanced Surrogate modelling Approach
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On the Training of Algorithms Using Finite-Element Computation Data for Damage Identification in Sensorised Composite Structures
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The Continuous Adjoint Method with Consistent Discretization Schemes for Transitional Flows and the Use of Deep Neural Networks in Shape Optimization in Fluid Mechanics
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Research on the Effects of Pit Excavation on Adjacent Existing Subway Tunnel Structures Based on the FEM-DEM Coupling Method
Get PDFWith the swift advancement of underground space development, large deep excavation projects above subway stations are becoming more common. This study employs the Finite element method-Discrete element method (FEM-DEM) coupling method to examine the effects of excavation on the structure of nearby subway tunnels. First, the f lexible triaxial compression test was conducted using the FEM-DEM coupling method to acquire the macroscopic mechanical characteristics of various soil layers. Based on this, the ground particle model was developed using the particle size scaling method, the underground continuous wall support was constructed via the FEM-DEM coupling method, and the tunnel model was established using particles arranged circularly. The study shows that with the excavation, the particles at the bottom of the foundation start to heave upward, with the maximum uplift displacement being approximately 10 mm. Throughout the excavation process, substantial changes occur in the contact force chain within the pit, with notable stress release at the pit bottom. Moreover, the porosity at the pit bottom gradually increases, and the vertical stress decreases; the stress decreased by 75% compared to before excavation, primarily due to stress release during excavation. Lastly, a focused analysis was conducted on the tunnel deformation during excavation. Throughout the foundation pit excavation, the tunnel’s displacement mainly took place within the excavation area, and its vertical displacement increased as the excavation depth increased, with a maximum displacement of approximately 0.5 mm. Analysis of particle displacement at various locations in the tunnel revealed that particles closest to the foundation pit bottom experienced the greatest displacement, whereas those farther away had relatively smaller displacements. The findings offer crucial theoretical support for the design and implementation of excavation projects
A Bi-Objective Evacuation Path Optimization Method Based on Meta-Heuristic Integration
Get PDFUrban underground public spaces are relatively enclosed, with high daily passenger flow and diverse directions. Enhancing evacuation capabilities through dynamic guidance systems is a crucial solution. Therefore, this paper proposes a double-layer computational framework based on meta-heuristic integration of a bi-objective evacuation path optimization method. Firstly, the outer layer computation explores the population by combining the genetic algorithm and simulated annealing. It uses temperature parameters to probabilistically accept worse solutions, enhancing global search capability and avoiding local optima. Secondly, the inner layer calculates the fitness value of each solution from the outer layer, considering both the shortest path and minimum risk objectives. The path optimization is carried out by A∗ algorithm on the basis of constructing the safety matrix by using breadth-first search algorithm, and the distance matrix by using Dijkstra’s algorithm. Finally, this method can search for the shortest safe path, effectively guiding people safely from the starting point to the exit. The experiments show that compared to traditional evacuation path planning methods, the proposed method significantly improves path optimization capabilities, quickly planning the shortest and safest evacuation route. It can provide guidance for fire safety and emergency plans for evacuations
Does the digitalization of finance encourage female leadership in finance?
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Historically, women have been underrepresented in technical careers, those related to finance, and in entrepreneurship. However, recent trends indicate significant advances for women in these fields, driven by greater access to education, political initiatives for gender equality, and the evolving landscape of the financial industry. The unique perspectives and innovative approaches of women contribute substantially to decision-making processes, promoting inclusive economic growth and creative entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, challenges such as unequal access to financing and the absence of support networks persist.
The article aims to deepen the understanding of how a regulated technological framework, specifically the "Pilot Regime for Market Infrastructures based on Distributed Ledger Technology" initiated by the European Union, can mitigate barriers and foster female participation and entrepreneurship in the financial and technological sectors. The article will examine the role of women in finance, technology, and entrepreneurship, focusing on the factors influencing their participation, including barriers, opportunities, experience, and leadership skills. The study is particularly relevant in the context of emerging decentralized financial systems, which could have unprecedented potential to address the gender gap in finance
Financing of high capacity roads
No full textThe financing of transport infrastructure is one of the elements that have generated and continue to generate debate.
In the case of high-capacity roads, this debate has been complicated by the presence of different types: free roads, toll roads and shadow tolls, which have coexisted without developing a homogeneous model on a territorial scale.
The end of the concessions of certain toll roads, including AP7 and AP2, which are basic and structuring roads of the country's road system, was an opportunity to define a future proposal for high-capacity roads . In the end, users have opted for free, which implies that management tasks, maintenance, repairs and new investments will be taken over by the administration.
Taking this context into account, the presentation aims to make a global reflection on the financing of these high-capacity roads and the consequences of the various financing models. Therefore, a discussion is proposed that incorporates the following elements:
An analysis of the forms of payment for high-capacity roads on a European scale, whether it is done through payment for use or payment via taxes, and how the Spanish case fits within this context.
Based on several studies and analysis carried out, it will be determined what the cost could be for the administration to manage these roads in the Spanish case, and the repercussions that could have to implement a payment model for users, either based on a toll kilometer, or a toll per time, systems in force in different European countries.
Based on the data from the family budget survey and other surveys on the subject, the impact on equity of these financing models is considered.
Finally, the relationship between the financing of these high-capacity roads and the resources for public transport. Therefore, a global reflection that will be carried out on the basis of existing studies, and that will generate a discussion on how to approach the financing of these routes