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Impacte de la Intel.ligència Artificial a la professió d'economista
No full text
Proposta de comunicació per al
4rt Congrés d’Economia i Empresa de Catalunya
Eix temàtic: 10. La contribució dels professionals de l’economia
Títol: Impacte de la Intel·ligència Artificial a la professió d’economista
Autor: Ramon Trias Capella
Justificació d’interès:
En el controvertit article de CARL BENEDIKT FREY i MICHAEL A. OSBORNE (2013): "The future of Employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerization? ", s'afirma que la professió d'Economista té una probabilitat del 43% de ser substituïda per eines de còmput. Entre altres rèpliques, destacaria la de DARON ACEMOGLU i PASCUAL RESTREPO (2018) a “Artificial Intelligence . Automation and Work" que, junt amb altres rèpliques, tenen de factor comú evidenciar l’error de mètode, al no apreciar la diferència entre professió i tasca, doncs quan es pot alleugerir el pes de les tasques automatizables, guanya espai l’activitat professional de mes creativitat i valor al disposar de mes recursos, amb el que millorarà la qualitat del seu servei. Sense entrar en la polèmica, es proposa analitzar aquest desplaçament de les tasques que transformarà l’activitat dels economistes.
Objectius:
En l’estudi que es proposa, s’analitzarà i es justificarà la utilitat de les eines de Intel·ligència Artificial en els diferents camps d’acció dels economistes: anàlisi de dades econòmiques, automatització de tasques, anàlisi predictiu i modelització, optimització de polítiques i anàlisi desagregat a petits segments, eines que s’apliquen en diferents camps i especialitats dins la professió: auditoria, anàlisi econòmic, planificació, assessorament financer o anàlisi de mercats, que son camps en els que s’oferirà un estudi de la situació actual d’aplicació, així com les perspectives de les eines mes madures – Artificial Neural Nets, Deep Learning, Xtreme Gradient Boost, Machine Learning, Genetic Algorithms com les darreres, com els ChatBox, el BlockChain i, sobretot la Intel·ligència Artificial Generativa com Copilot i ChatGPT.
També es tractaran els problemes en l’ús d’aquestes tecnologies, ètica, discriminació, falta de transparència, privacitat i efectes dels falsos positius / falsos negatius.
Resultats i conclusions:
Es mostraran resultats de l’impacte en les tasques del economista en dues línies:
Experiència de l’autor en l’aplicació d’eines estadístiques, d’aprenentatge automàtic, de raonament simbòlic i d’optimització, aplicats a la anàlisi de crèdit, a màrqueting i a planificació financera, adés d’altres camps, des de fa mes de 35 anys.
Noticies, Anàlisi, assajos i pilots en la utilització de les darreres novetats de la Intel·ligència Artificial Generativa, Deep Learning, Large Language Models i altres novetats
The Future Challenge of Quantum Communications: The Barcelona Node
No full textEnsuring confidentiality in the transmission of digital data is a globally significant challenge. When necessary, data can be transmitted securely using cryptographic keys based on algorithms such as the RSA schemes. Even supercomputers lack the computational power to decrypt these keys. However, there is no guarantee that vulnerabilities won’t emerge. In fact, one vulnerability is already known: a sufficiently powerful quantum computer, when available, will render all RSA-based encryption systems vulnerable, affecting data transmitted worldwide.
Quantum and post-quantum communications represent the next steps in securing data. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technology that offers absolute security by leveraging the fundamental properties of quantum physics. Post-quantum techniques rely on sophisticated algorithms beyond RSA, even resistant to future quantum computers.
While the timing of cryptographic vulnerabilities remains uncertain, it’s certain that unprepared systems will become vulnerable overnight. Recognizing this challenge, Europe is constructing the “European Quantum Communication Infrastructure.” This ambitious project aims to design, develop, and deploy a QKD network to protect critical European infrastructure (government institutions, data centers, hospitals, energy grids, etc.) as a first step toward a complete European Quantum Internet. Catalonia has the opportunity to pioneer this field, starting with a quantum network in the Barcelona metropolitan area. This initiative will create a positive economic and business impact, making it an innovative and competitive reference within the Catalan, Spanish, and European ecosystems.The project, named Qollserola, has support from the Generalitat de Catalunya, the Spanish government, the Barcelona City Council, and the European Commission. It will contribute to fostering a national quantum ecosystem and is led by ICFO and Cellnex
Offline and Online Performance Contrast of Optimal Control
Get PDFCivil structures are quite vulnerable to extreme dynamic loads as well as to nat ural disasters. The aforementioned problem is well-known and interestingly, unavoidable as it is almost impossible to know when that type of loads or disasters are going to hit the existing structures. Due to such unpredictability, many are interested to adopt the online or real-time control and monitoring strategy instead of conventional approach. However, still offline moni toring and vibration control strategies are useful to understand the overall performance of the investigated dynamical problem as it might not be an option to go for online due to feasibility or other constrains. In order to hold a debate, herein, the controlled performance of a multi degree-of-freedom system has investigated both adopting offline and online approaches. The linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) algorithm has been employed as the control law and it is as sumed that controller will behave as an active control system. In order to understand the effect of the optimal control, the displacements and velocities at different degree-of-freedom’s level have considered and compared. The outcome suggests that both approaches have advantages and disadvantages such as offline approach is quite useful to understand at the design phase of the project, while, online approach might be very effected after the construction
Post-buckling behaviour and delamination growth in defected variable angle tow composite laminates
Get PDFDue to their specific strength and stiffness properties, composite materials are largely used in lightweight structural applications in aerospace, automotive and mechanical engineering. Understanding how these materials fail under service loads is a challenging aspect of designing advanced composite structures. In fact, the failure of composite laminated structures is often governed by complex interactions of multiple interlaminar failure and damage mechanisms. Among them, delamination is one of the damage modes requiring large attention due to the low interlaminar resistance between the different layers comprised in a composite laminate. In addition, this phenomenon may be triggered by defects introduced in the construction phase or by the presence of connections leading to stress concentrations. When coupled with buckling phenomena, delamination inevitably decreases the load-carrying capacity of lightweight composite structures. Variable Angle Tow (VAT) laminates have been proven to improve the buckling and post-buckling response of those structures significantly. However, little is known about the geometrically nonlinear behaviour of VAT composite laminates with delaminations. This work applies the cohesive finite element method to model delamination growth in VAT composite laminates containing initial defects under compressive loading conditions. Numerical simulations investigate the effects of the fibre angle variation on the geometrically nonlinear static response of VAT composite laminates compared to that of their classical straight fibre counterparts
The challenge of financing dependency in Catalonia by advancing rents, maintaining home ownership
No full textThe strong short-term demographic impact resulting from increases in the number of elderly people and life expectancy poses an unprecedented scenario in terms of financing the expenses required by older people with dependency. In these last years of life, there is a very significant increase in expenses, which cannot be met with recurring pension income. This fact, together with the lack of individual foresight and the limitations of the administrations to provide this coverage, raise the need to look for new alternatives. The proposal proposed in this work consists of an innovation that can help to give sustainability to the system, since a high percentage of citizens have a home they own that is likely to provide the necessary liquidity through the advance of rents to meet the payment of dependency expense
Software Implementation to Simulate the Hemodynamics in Patient-Specific Coronary Arteries: A Review from the Past to the Present
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