Jurnal AgroBiogen
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Empat Belas Tahun Perkembangan Peraturan Keamanan Hayati dan Keamanan Pangan Produk Rekayasa Genetik dan Implementasinya di Indonesia
Get PDFFourteen Years of Development of Biosafety and FoodSafety Regulations of Genetically Engineered Productsand their Implementation in Indonesia. M. Herman. InIndonesia, the need for biosafety and food safety regulationof genetically engineered products (GEP) is well recognized.The Food Law and the Decree on Provisions of Biosafety ofGenetically Engineered Agricultural Biotechnology Productshas been signed respectively by the President of Republic ofIndonesia in 1996 and by the Minister of Agriculture in 1997.The biosafety and food safety regulation of GEP comprise ofguidelines, ministerial decree, joint ministerial degree,government regulation, presidential regulation, presidensialdecree, and law. In the implementation of biosafety regulationduring the year of 1999-2001, there were five GE cropsand two enzymes products derived from GE microorganismsfor feed additive have been decraled as safe to the environment.One of the five GE crop declared for environmentsafety, the insect resistant (IR) cotton (Bt cotton) was commercializedfor limited released in seven districts of SouthSulawesi during 2001-2003. Whereas, from 2001-2010 thereare 13 GE crops have been studied in the greenhouse ofbiosafety containment and confined field trials, among ofthose there are two GE crops, herbicide tolerant (HT) GEmaize and drought tolerant (DT) GE sugarcane have beenassessed and recommended for environment safety. Fiveapplication of animal vaccine derived from GE microorganismsfor studied in the biosafety containment andconfined field have been submitted to the regulator. Inaddition to biosafety regulation, food safety regulation hasalso been implemented after the Food Safety AssessmentGuideline for GEP has been signed by the Head of Food andDrug Inspection Agency in July 2008. Food safety assessmenthas been conducted on 10 GE crops such as HT maize, HTsoybean, IR maize, amylase modification maize and DTsugarcane. There are some constraints encountered duringthe implementation of biosafety and food safety regulation.The constraints are the lack of commitment of relatedinstitution involved in the regulation, lack of understading onthe regulation, and difficulties of implementing the regulationon the import products such as maize and soybean forfood and feed process
Deteksi Gen HptII dan Keragaan Agronomis pada Populasi BC1F1 Tanaman Padi Transgenik
Get PDFRice varieties tolerant to drought stress are needed tostabilize rice production under drought stress condition. Wedeveloped transgenic rice cv. Nipponbare carrying hptIIgene that might also contain OsDREB1A gene. OsDREB1Agene responsible to drought tolerance trait need to betransferred into cultivated rice in order to obtain new localrice variety tolerant to drought stress. The aims of thisresearch were to detect the presence of hptII gene in the F1and BC1F1 transgenic rice and to observe the agronomicperformace of those populations and their plant physiology.F1 population was developed by crossing transgenicNipponbare, as donor parent, with Batutegi, Code, Ciherang,and Konawe genotypes, as recipient parents. BC1F1population was developed by backcrossing F1 transgenicline with recipient parents, respectively. The presence ofhptII gene was analyzed by PCR using a pair of primers forhptII. The observation of agronomic performance wascarried out in the green house, meanwhile the observationof stomata was done using microscope. The result of PCRanalysis showed that BC1F1 Batutegi trans, BC1F1 Code trans,BC1F1 Konawe trans1, BC1F1 Konawe trans3, dan BC1F1Konawe trans4 were detected carrying the hptII gene.Agronomic data showed that BC1F1 transgenic rice linesyielded panicles, filled grains, and total grains higher thanthose of recipent parents. Comparing to the recipientparents, BC1F1 Konawe trans1 and BC1F1 Konawe trans3 hadless stomata on the lower side of the leaf, but had morestomata on the upper side of the leaf
Perbanyakan dan Konservasi In Vitro Plasma Nutfah Talas (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schoot)
Get PDFTaro is a potential source of carbohydratefor anticipation of climate change. In vitro technology havenot been widely implemented for tuber crops conservation.Conservation of the crops is mostly conducted in field. Suchconservation is very susceptible to biotic and abiotic stress.The research consisted of two activities i.e: micropropagationand conservation. The objectives were to obtain taro invitro propagation and conservation method. The trial wasarranged in a factorial design with six replications. Five taroaccessions were used as the first factor for each study. Thesecond factor in propagation study was propagation mediumi.e: MS; MS + 2.9 μM IAA + 4.4 μM BA and MS + 2.9 μM IAA+ 22,2 μM BA. Shoot tip from taro sucker was used asexplant. The second factor in conservation study was MSmedium containing mannitol (0, 30, 40, and 50 g/l). Twoleavesin vitro shoots from micropropagation study was usedas explants. The addition of BA in MS medium + 2.9 μM IAAincreased the number of shoot of taro germplasm. The bestmedium for micropropagation of taro germplasm No. 21 andTalas Jahe is MS + 2,9 μM IAA + 4,4 μM BA, whereas thebest medium for No. 503, Talas Jahe and Lumbu Banten isMS + 2,9 μM IAA + 22,2 μM BA. Based on data of plantheight, percentage of leaf life and shelf life, MS medium +manitol 40 g/l was the best medium for taro germplasmconservation with prolong sub-culture interval
Peningkatan Toleransi Alumunium pada Jeruk Batang Bawah dengan Teknik Seleksi In Vitro Berulang
Get PDFAluminum Tolerance Improvement of Rootstock Citrusthrough Repeated In Vitro Selection. Mia Kosmiatin,Rosa Yunita, and Ali Husni. National orange productivitywas trend to decrease because of pathogen attack andreducing of planting area. One of alternative ways topreserve and increase orange productivity was usingmarginal soil mainly acid soil. This matter pushed thebreeder to prepare tolerant rootstock and stable in the acidsoil. In vitro culture technique was effective and efficientmethods to produce tolerant and stable rootstock in acid soilthrough simulation of acid soil with addition of highaluminum and low pH in the medium. By the simulation theselection could be done in cell level, so cell was selectedafter induction of variation. A rootstock which highcompatibility with scion, useful rooting, and aluminumtolerance could be increased orange productivity throughacid soil development. The research was conducted in 3phase: (1) induction of embryogenic calli, (2) improvementof genetic variation through mutation, and (3) In vitroselection with AlCl3.6H2O for aluminum and low pH tolerant.Immature embryos of rootstock were use as explant. Theresult showed that the best embryogenic calli were inducedon MS basal medium with MW vitamin + NAA 7,5 mg/l +kinetin 0,5 mg/l. Before selection, 1.000 rad dosage was themost tolerant dosage to growth embryogenic calli. Afterselection, 2.000 rad dosage was the best dosage to produceshoots which stable tolerant to aluminum. Selected 88mutant shoots were produced after three times selection onthe same medium which AlCl3.6H2O added at low pH
QTL Study to Reveal Soybean Response on Abiotic and Biotic Stresses
Get PDFAs an important grain legume, the improved soybean(Glycine max [L.] Merr.) adaptive to environmental changesis a valuable genetic resource. Strategy to minimize theimpact of climate effects should be underlined on soybeanproduction encompassing advanced genomics and wellpredicted future climate. Crops including soybean respondto climate change in the aspect of abiotic and bioticenvironmental factors. To predict soybean response toabiotic and biotic stresses, current progress of quantitativetrait loci (QTL) for abiotic and biotic stresses and floweringand related genomic resources could be accessed atSoyBase (http://www.soybase.org) and Phytozome(http://www.phytozome.net). As the involvement of abioticand biotic stresses modulating flowering in soybean, geneslinked to QTL for abiotic/biotic stress and flowering/maturitywere also potential for resisting the environmental changes.By mapping QTLs for flowering using one population indifferent locations (Korea and China) with distinctivelongitude, latitude, and altitude, syntenic correlationbetween these two QTLs on soybean chromosomes 6 and13 indicates the environmental specific role of syntenicregions. The information on QTL and related candidategenes may assist marker-assisted breeding and enactsoybean as a model of adaptive legume crop under abiotic/biotic stress
Regenerasi Pepaya melalui Kultur In Vitro
Get PDFA study was conducted in the Indonesian Center forAgricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Researchand Development to optimize papaya regeneration systemsthrough in vitro culture. Four steps were done, i.e., callusinduction, callus regeneration, root formation, and acclimatization.Explant materials used were immature embryos ofpapaya cv. Burung. Immature papaya embryos were culturedon different media. The best medium for embryogeniccallus development was ½ MS + 10 mg/l 2.4-D + 60% sucrose+ 143 mg/l adenine sulphate + 50 mg/l myo inositol +400 mg/l glutamine, while that for callus embryo regenerationwas MS + 0.5 mg/l GA3 + 0.1 mg/l kinetin + Morel andWetmore Vitamin. Using this medium, the average of shootformation was three shoots per explant of embriogeniccallus, and the percentage of regenerated callus was 80%.The color of shoot derived from this treatment was green.Eighty percent of plants formed a complete root developmentusing ½ MS + 0.5 mg/l paclobutrazol media. Media hullof rice and compost was the best medium for papaya plantacclimatization. The percentage of survival on that acclimatizationstep was 65%
Pemanfaatan Teknik Kultur In Vitro untuk Konservasi Plasma Nutfah Ubi-ubian
Get PDFExcept for potato, sweet potato, taro, yam, andcassava, most of tuber crops are considered as underutilizedcrops. However, tuber crops are potential as alternativecarbohydrate sources, so they can be used as food reservesto face global climate change that affects food security incertain area throughout the world, including Indonesia.Having high diversity in tuber crops germplasm, Indonesiamust be able to conserve those germplasm to ensure theiravailability in the future. In the future, without ignoring allthe probable constraints, the prospect in utilization of in vitroculture technique will be higher for improvement ofconservation and management of genetic resources in theform of active and base collections. In this paper, strategy indeveloping in vitro collection of tuber crops germplasm, i.e.slow growth technique for medium term storage andcryopreservation technique for long term storage, isdiscussed including how to analyze genetic stability of thecollections. Several national and international researchcenters dealing with research and development of in vitroconservation technique are presented
Kultur In Vitro Endosperma, Protokol yang Efisien untuk Mendapatkan Tanaman Triploid secara Langsung
Get PDFIn Vitro Culture of Endosperm: An efficient protocol topropagate triploid plants directly. L. Agus Sukamto.Triploid plants are very vigorous and beneficial since theygenerally produce seedless fruits, bigger flowers, and producemore volume of wood than the diploid counterparts.The triploid plants can be produced by crossing diploid andtetraploid plants, but this method is cumbersome and takesa long time. In vitro culture of endosperm is an alternativemethod to produce triploid plants directly. The success ofendosperm culture is dependent on many factors, such asmaturity of endosperm, presence of the zygotic embryo, culturemedium, growth regulators, browning, culture period,an plant species. Generally, a mature endosperm needs aninitial association with an embryo to induce cell divisions,while proliferation of an immature endosperms is notdependent on the embryo. Endosperm of most parasiticangiosperms shows direct organogenesis without callusformation. Plants produced from endosperm culture aregenerally triploid, although some plants possess differentploidy levels
Identifikasi Galur dan Gen-gen Terkait Toleran Kekeringan pada Padi Transgenik cv. T309 yang Mengandung Vektor Penanda Aktivasi
Get PDFActivation tagging is an efficient tool forfunctional analysis of the rice genes. We have developed anumber of transgenic rice lines (Oryza sativa L. ssp.japonica cv. Taipei 309) containing activation tagging vector.However, the phenotypes and genotypes of these lines, inrelation to the drought stress, have not been analyzed. Theobjectives of this research were to identify transgenic ricelines that showed tolerance to the drought stress and toidentify the genes that may be associated with the droughtstress. The drought stress tolerance in transgenic rice lineswas identified by testing their tolerance to the drought stressand also by detecting the presence of bar and nptII genes.The result showed that 56 out of 59 rice lines were resistantto Basta herbicide and three of them showed tolerance todrought stress, namely PA.T-1.2, PA.T-4.1, and PA.T-5.1 lines.PCR analysis showed that PA.T-1.2 and PA.T-4.1 containedboth hptII and bar genes, while the PA.T-5.1 line containedbar gene only. Thermal Asymetric Interlaced-PCR (TAILPCR)analysis showed that two genes may be asssociatedwith the drought stress tolerance. Those genes areOSJNBa0004120.14 that produces uridylate putative kinaseand OsPPCK2L that produces phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxylase kinase
Analisis Keragaman Genetik 161 Aksesi Mangga Indonesia Menggunakan Marka Mikrosatelit
Get PDFMango is one of the fiveimportant fruit crops in the world. Microsatellite markers canbe used to analyze genetic diversity among mangoaccessions. The purpose of this research was to determinethe relationship among mango germplasm collection usingmicrosatellite markers. A total of 161 mango accessionsoriginated from Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute(Cukurgondang Field Station), Pasuruan, East Java, wereused in this research. Twenty-six microsatellite markerswere used to genotype each accession. Genotyping wasconducted using Beckman Coulter® CEQ™ 8000 machine.Genetic relationship among accecions was analyzed usingthe Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean(UPGMA) method, followed by bootstrap analysis. The resultshowed that high allele variation (15-75 alleles) wasobserved among mango accesions tested, with an averageallele number of 38.69. The average of PolymophismInformation Content (PIC) value was 0.548 (0.021-0.949).Fifteen microsatellite markers showed PIC value >0.5indicated that these markers were suitable for mangodiversity studies. Cluster analysis divided the mangocollections into two groups. Group I consisted of 95accessions, and group II consisted of 66 accessions. NinetyIndonesian indigenous mangos (84.11% of Indonesianmango accessions) could be separated from the introducedaccessions