Qazvin University of Medical Sciences

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    Coronavirus Disease‑19 Vaccine Inequity and Gross Domestic Product

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    Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) pandemic is currently one of the major health issues worldwide.[1] The significant impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic has necessitated rapid and preventive responses by governments to control the disease.[2] Most early disease control strategies include human mobility reduction (e.g., travel restrictions and mandatory quarantine), closure or lockdown (e.g., schools, businesses, and public spaces closure), and health policies modifications (e.g., using rapid COVID‑19 test or polymerase chain reaction test).[3] Over the centuries, vaccines are an effective way to combat the spread of diseases and one of the most effective and reliable methods to prevent disease.[4] Past studies and ongoing clinical trials have shown that safe and effective vaccines for COVID‑19 are the best tools for controlling ongoing epidemics.[5] The World Health Organization estimates that at least 65% of a given population should be vaccinated to prevent the spread of the virus to protect the population.[6] Given the remarkable effectiveness of vaccines, their availability gives people a sense of relief that they can better protect their health. However, several countries are still experiencing rapidly increasing cases of the disease and causing mutations and have not implemented the general vaccination program effectively.[7

    Sleep duration and its relationship with school performance in Iranian adolescents

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    Background. Inadequate or poor sleep quality is common problems in adolescent that affect on their learning, memory and school performance. The present study aimed to determine the association between sleep hours and academic performance in young adults. Methods. This cross-sectional study was designed as a descriptive-analytic study. Samples of adolescents of 14-18 years old in Qazvin city were enrolled. The Pediatric sleep questionnaire and BEARS questionnaire used for all students to screen comprehensively major sleeps problems in them. Chi-square test, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and correlation were performed to determine the relationship between the data (P < 0.001). Results. Between 653 adolescents, 40% were male and 60% were female. Sleep duration, sleep onset delay, sleep insufficient, rate of oversleeping and academic performance had a direct relationship with gender (P < 0.001). The sleep duration, rate of oversleeping and academic performance were significantly higher in boys, sleep onset delay and sleep insufficient was significantly higher in girls. Time of falling sleep at weekend nights and weekday nights have positively correlation with age (P < 0.001). Also, a significant relationship between students’ sleep hours with academic performance was shown (P < 0.001). Conclusions. The overall result was that sleep duration, sleep onset delay, sleep insufficient and rate of oversleeping of students in this study had a significant influence on academic performance. Students without difficulty in falling asleep had good academic performance in compared to students with difficulty in falling asleep

    Anthropometric outcome in low birth weight infants treated with erythropoietin; a randomized clinical trial

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    Introduction: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone, which has a key role in the number of red blood cells in mammalian blood. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether EPO is associated with anthropometric outcomes in low birth weight infants. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 90 premature neonates aged under 35 gestational weeks, with the weight of less than 2000 g, and selected through convenience sampling. The subjects were assigned to EPO (n=45) and control groups (n=45) by random allocation with the aim of evaluating the relationship between EPO and anthropometric outcome, hemoglobin, and hematocrit in low birth weight infants. The weight and head circumstance of the infants were measured on their birthdays, and days 14, 28, and 42. Additionally, hemoglobin and hematocrit were measured on days 7 and 42. From day 14, EPO injection was given to the EPO group three times a week for one month (12 times). The dosage for each baby was 100 U/kg of 2000 unit ampules which was given as a subcutaneous injection in the baby’s arm. Results: The mean weights on birthday and day 42 in the EPO group were 1397 ± 270 g and 2614 ± 739 g, respectively, while in the placebo group they were 1280 ± 281 g and 1486 ± 208 g, respectively. In addition, the mean head circumstance on birthday and day 42 in the EPO group was 28.6±1.7 cm and 33 ± 2.5 cm, respectively, while in the placebo group it was 27.8 ± 2.3 cm and 29.8 ± 2.2 cm, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of the current study, weight gain and head circumstance gain rose significantly in the EPO group compared with the placebo group (P<0.001). Trial Registration: The trial protocol was approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials website (identifier: IRCT20160511027853N2, https://en.irct.ir/trial/47069, ethical code; IR.QUMS.REC.1398.133)

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