Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
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Prevalence of food addiction in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFFood addiction (FA) has been as a construct that is associated with childhood obesity. However, relatively little is known regarding the prevalence of FA among children and adolescents. An instrument designed to assess FA among youth, the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children and Adolescents (YFAS-C), has been developed and used to estimate FA prevalence among pediatric populations. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the results of FA prevalence among youth. Using keywords related to FA and children to search PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, we identified and analyzed 22 cross-sectional studies. No longitudinal studies were identified in the search. Meta-analysis with Freeman-Tukey Double Arcsine transformation was conducted to estimate FA prevalence. Meta-regression was applied to understand whether weight status (i.e., data from community samples vs. overweight/obese samples) is associated with FA. Eligible studies (N = 22) were analyzed using 6,996 participants. The estimated FA prevalence was 15% (95% CI 11-19%) for all samples, 12% (95% CI 8-17%) for community samples, and 19% (95% CI 14-26%) for overweight/obese samples. Meta-regression indicated that weight status was associated with FA severity (p = 0.002) and marginally with FA prevalence (p = 0.056). Healthcare providers should consider and address the high FA prevalence among pediatric population.
Keywords: addictive behaviors; adolescent; child; food addiction; obesity; prevalence; systematic review
Challenges in the Clinical Education Environment during the COVID-19 Outbreak: The Experiences of Medical Students
Get PDFBackground: The aim of the present study was to determine the challenges of medical students in the clinical education environment during the outbreak of Covid-19 to understand their experiences.
Methods: This qualitative study was performed based on the hermeneutic phenomenological approach and Van Manen’s analytical method from 10th of August to 12th of September 2020 in different departments of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran. In this phenomenological study, using the purposive sampling method, the participants were selected from among medical students. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 medical students. All the interviews were recorded and transcribed, and then, the codes, categories, and themes were extracted using Van Manen’s analytical method.
Results: The 5 main themes of the present study were ‘inefficient clinical education’, ‘dealing with real work conflicts’, ‘the future professional challenges’, ‘the challenges related to organizational policy’, and ‘the challenges related to the sense of stigma among the medical staff’. The most important challenges consisted of ‘moving away from the educational goals due to reduced attendance at the clinical setting’, ‘the cancellation of some clinical courses’, ‘the creation of stress in the students by professors’, ‘fear of getting sick and transmitting the disease to family members’, ‘fatigue and heavy sweating due to caring for a large number of patients while wearing isolation gowns’, ‘the prolongation of the students’ studies and delay in starting their thesis’.
Conclusion: The results of this study provided a deeper insight into the perceptions, feelings, and experiences of medical students during the coronavirus pandemic
Electrocoagulation-flotation treatment followed by sedimentation of carpet cleaning wastewater: optimization of key operating parameters via RSM-CCD
Get PDFIn the present study, the treatment of carpet cleaning wastewater was optimized for electrocoagulation-
flotation (ECF) followed sedimentation. In the experimental study, an ECF reactor equipped
with four monopolar, parallel-connected aluminum electrodes was utilized. For the optimization,
the process variables were selected as methylene blue active substance (MBAS), chemical oxygen
demand (COD), and turbidity removal efficiencies, along with the characterization of sludge settling
volume at 60 min (SSV60). For this goal, response surface methodology (RSM) under central
composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize the critical factors viz. pH (3.64–10.36), current
intensity (0.66–2.34 A), and electrolysis time (9.55–110.45 min). RSM-CCD optimized these
key factors to achieve maximum removal efficiencies and minimize SSV60. Based on the RSM-CCD
prediction, the optimum operating conditions were as pH of 5.1, the current intensity of 2 A, and
electrolysis time of 53.5 min, in which the obtained model predicted 83.56%, 82.54%, 88.14%, and
226.22 mL/L for MBAS, COD, turbidity, and SSV60. Correspondingly, the predictions were in agreement
with the actual results (85.50%, 84.35%, 90.50%, and 240.17 mL/L, respectively). The operating
cost in the optimal conditions was calculated as 0.673 USD/m3. The results of the study indicated
that the electrocoagulation-flotation followed sedimentation was a cost-effective treatment process
in removing target pollutants from the carpet cleaning wastewater
Factors affecting Pakistani young adults’ intentions to uptake COVID-19 vaccination: An extension of the theory of planned behavior
Get PDFIntroduction: Aside from personal beliefs, young adults’ intention to uptake the
COVID-19 vaccine can be influenced by their fear of COVID-19 and perceived
infectability of COVID-19. The present study incorporated fear of COVID-19 and perceived
infectability with the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to form an expanded
TPB to analyze factors affecting Pakistani young adults’ intentions to uptake the
COVID-vaccine in Pakistan.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and recruited participants from Pakistani
social media users. The proposed extended TPB model was examined by using
structural equation modeling.
Results: A total of 1034 individuals replied to the survey. The three factors of the original
theory of planned behavior and the fear of COVID-19 were positively related to
their intention to uptake COVID-19 vaccination (r = 0.25-0.66). Moreover, the perceived
infectability positively influenced the three theories of planned behavioral factors
and the fear of COVID-19 (r = 0.27-0.60), also affecting the participants’ intentions
to uptake COVID-19 vaccination
Macro ergonomics and health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic is a disaster all over the
world. During this global calamity, the health and
safety of workers in the workplace should be considered.
Occupational exposure to pathogens is an
inherent risk factor of health care workplaces [1].
During the pandemic, the medical staff of hospitals
on the frontlines of medical services take the necessary
measures to identify patients, isolate them and
treat them [2]. The health and safety of these individuals
can be enhanced by ergonomics through the
redesign and re-evaluation of tasks, environments,
and systems. Ergonomics or human factors is “the scientific
discipline concerned with the understanding of
interactions among humans and other elements of a
system, and the profession that applies theory, princi-ples, data and methods to design in order to optimize
human well-being and overall system performance”
(IEA Council, 2014). This science examines working
conditions (i.e. physical environment,work organization,
psychosocial factors and job design) as well as
health and safety behaviors of employees and their
participation in programs that can affect their health
and system efficiency. It should be noted that the prevention
of COVID-19 should not rely on a single
infection prevention and control team in the hospital,
but should depend on comprehensive programs.
The use of human factors and ergonomic knowledge
is an effective and profitable framework to address
current challenges posed by COVID-19 in hospitals
through the utilization of systems approaches (USA;
macro ergonomics)
مقایسهی اثربخشی دو نوع خمیردهانی حاوی تریامسینولون و سماق برروی زخمهای آفتی مینور دهان، یک مطالعهی کارآزمایی بالینی سهسو کور
Get PDFبررسی آزمايشگاهی اثرات سايتوتوکسیک غلظت های مختلف نانوذرات تیتانیوم دی اکسايد بر روی فیبروبلاست های لثه ای انسانی
Get PDFMolecular identification and evaluation of the ability to produce phospholipase and proteinase by aspergillus environmental isolates obtained from hospital
Get PDFBackground: One of the causes of nosocomial infections is the dispersion of Aspergillus spores in the
environment. The secretion of hydrolytic enzymes is considered as a virulence factor in Aspergillus species. The
aim of this study was to identify environmental Aspergillus isolates via sequencing the beta-tubulin gene and
evaluating the ability to produce phospholipase and proteinase in vitro.
Methods: 93 Aspergillus colonies were collected from the emergency, surgical wards, intensive care unit, and
operation theatres of two teaching hospitals in Qazvin Province, Iran. The β-tubulin gene region was amplified
using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, and 40 isolates were sequenced. Evaluation of proteinase and
phospholipase production was performed using yeast carbon base (YCB) with bovine serum albumin and egg yolk
agar medium, respectively.
Findings: Based on β-tubulin sequence, Aspergillus (A.) flavus (30%), A. tuberculosis (25%), A. fumigatus (20%),
A. niger (10%), A. sydowii (7.5%), A. terreus (5%), and A. nidulans (2.5%) were identified. Evaluation of
extracellular enzymes showed that 82.5% of the isolates had proteinase ability with a mean proteinase of
0.73 ± 0.13, and 52.5% of the studied Aspergillus isolates had phospholipase activity with a mean of 0.81 ± 0.17.
Conclusion: Our study showed that environmental strains have high proteinase production. Therefore, it seems
necessary to better understand the association of virulence factors with aspergillosis infection in future studies.
Keywords: Aspergillus; Tubulin; Peptide hydrolases; Phospholipas
