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High level of resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin among Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates in Qazvin province, Iran
Get PDFThe treatment of patients with Helicobacter pylori infection has many limitations, especially because of antibiotic
resistance. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and mechanism of antibiotic resistance to metronidazole and
clarithromycin in H. pylori isolates collected from patients with gastrointestinal symptoms in Qazvin, Iran. In this
cross-sectional study, antibiotic susceptibility testing to clarithromycin and metronidazole was performed among
80 clinical strains isolated from H. pylori-positive dyspeptic patients referred to Qazvin hospital from July 2018
to November 2018. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing tests were performed to determine the type
of mutations in the rdxA gene in metronidazole-resistant isolates, and the 23SrRNA gene in clarithromycinresistant isolates. Thirteen (40.6%) and Twenty-one (65.6%) isolates were resistant to clarithromycin and
metronidazole, respectively. 37.5% and 59.4% of clarithromycin and metronidazole resistant isolates had
MIC>256. In clarithromycin-resistant isolates, mutations in the 23SrRNA gene was seen at A2143G (15.6%),
A2142G (9.4%), C2195T (6.3%), C2244T (3.1%), and G2212A (3.1%) locations. In one isolate, three simultaneous mutations were recorded in locations A2143G, G2110A, and C2121T. Mutations in the rdxA gene in
metronidazole-resistant isolates, were missense. High resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin antibiotics
were seen in H. pylori isolates in Qazvin province. This is the frst report of new mutation sites G2212A, G2110A,
and C2121T on the 23SrRNA gene in clarithromycin-resistant isolates. It is necessary to evaluate the current
situation in terms of resistance and identify the mechanisms involved in its occurrence for the successful
treatment of infections caused by this organism
Maternal Serological Screening for Congenital Toxoplasmosis During Pregnancy and Evaluating the Pregnant Women’s Knowledge on Toxoplasmosis in Qazvin, Iran
Get PDFBackground: The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii seronegative pregnant women,
estimate the frequency of fetuses at risk of congenital toxoplasmosis in the study area, and also to investigate the awareness of
the studied mothers about T. gondii disease.
Methods: A total of 740 pregnant women referred to two health centers in Qazvin province were surveyed voluntarily for anti-T.
gondii IgG and IgM antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IgG avidity test was used as a confirmatory test
for samples showing positive or borderline results for IgM antibodies. Data on socioeconomic, demographic, and knowledge of
participants about toxoplasmosis were collected using questionnaires and through face-to-face interviews. Multivariable logistic
regression modeling was used to identify the potential predictor variables for T. gondii infection.
Results: Overall, 21.2% (157/740) and 0.27% (2/740) of pregnant women were positive for T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies,
respectively. Only 1.7% (13/740) of expectant mothers had prior information on toxoplasmosis. Among socioeconomic and
demographic variables, contact with soil was the merely cause of a significant association with T. gondii infection. Other
variables including age, occupation, education level, residential area, source of drinking water, abortion history, number of
delivery, consumption of raw/undercooked meat, having home cat and and consumption of raw vegetables failed to establish
significant associations.
Conclusion: Our results clarified that the prevalence o
بررسی نقش میانجی سلامت روان در ارتباط بین هوش هیجانی و عوامل مؤثر بر گرایش دانشجویان به روابط قبل از ازدواج در دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قزوین در سال 1399
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Essential Oils from Indigenous Iranian Plants: A Natural Weapon vs. Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli
Get PDFAbstract: Aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial properties of herbal plant essential
oils (EOs) from selected Iranian plant species such as Ferulago angulata, Zataria multiflora, Cuminum
cyminum, and Mentha longifolia against antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains. For this
purpose, the Escherichia coli strains, isolated from raw cow’s milk and local dairy products (yogurt,
cream, whey, cheese, and confectionery products) collected from different areas of Hamedan province,
Iran, were investigated for their resistance to antibiotics (i.e., streptomycin, tetracycline, gentamicin,
chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and cefixime). Thus, the E. coli strains were tested for their susceptibility
to the above-mentioned essential oils. Regarding antibiotics, the E. coli strains were highly
sensitive to ciprofloxacin. In relation to essential oils, the most effective antibacterial activity was
observed with Zataria multiflora; also, the bacteria were semi-sensitive to Cuminum cyminum and
Mentha longifolia essential oils. All strains were resistant to Ferulago angulata essential oil. According
to the results, the essential oil of Zataria multiflora can be considered as a practical and alternative
antibacterial strategy to inhibit the growth of multidrug-resistant E. coli of dairy origin.
Keywords: antibiotic susceptibility; pathogen; Zataria multiflora; essential oils; dairy product
Diagnostic Accuracy of Pyrazinamide Susceptibility Testing in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Get PDFIntroduction: Pyrazinamide (PZA) susceptibility testing plays a critical role in determining the appropriate treatment regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of sequencing PZA susceptibility tests against culture-based susceptibility testing methods as the reference standard.
Methods: We searched the MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for the relevant records. The QUADAS-2 tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. Diagnostic accuracy measures (i.e., sensitivity and specificity) were pooled with a random-effects model. All statistical analyses were performed with Meta-DiSc (version 1.4, Cochrane Colloquium, Barcelona, Spain), STATA (version 14, Stata Corporation, College Station, TX), and RevMan (version 5.3, The Nordic Cochrane Centre, the Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark) software.
Results: A total of 72 articles, published between 2000 and 2019, comprising data for 8,701 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were included in the final analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the PZA sequencing test against all reference tests (the combination of BACTEC mycobacteria growth indicator tube 960 (MGIT 960), BACTEC 460, and proportion method) were 87% (95% CI: 85–88) and 94.7% (95% CI: 94–95). The positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and the area under the curve estimates were found to be 12.0 (95% CI: 9.0–16.0), 0.17 (95% CI: 0.13–0.21), 106 (95% CI: 71–158), and 96%, respectively. Deek's test result indicated a low likelihood for publication bias (p = 0.01).
Conclusions: Our analysis indicated that PZA sequencing may be used in combination with conventional tests due to the advantage of the time to result and in scenarios where culture tests are not feasible. Further work to improve molecular tests would benefit from the availability of standardized reference standards and improvements to the methodology
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF 1% CURCUMIN NANOMICELLE GEL AND 2% CURCUMIN GEL FOR TREATMENT OF RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS: A DOUBLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL
Get PDFObjective: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a highly prevalent painful inflammatory
condition. Curcumin is currently used as a medicinal herb with optimal anti–inflammatory
properties for many inflammatory conditions. However, due to its low water solubility and
consequently low bioavailability, its nanoparticulate formulation has been considered for use. This
study aimed to compare the efficacy of topical application of 1% curcumin nanomicelle gel and
2% curcumin gel for treatment of RAS.
Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial evaluated 48 RAS patients. The patients
randomly received 1% curcumin nanomicelle gel or 2% curcumin gel, and were asked to apply it
3 times/day for 1 week. The severity of pain was measured using a visual analog scale (VAS), and
the size of lesions (in millimeters) was measured by a periodontal probe before (baseline), and at
4, and 7 days after treatment. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA.
Results: No significant difference was noted in the pain score (P = .160) or size of lesions
(P = .432) between the 2 groups at baseline. At 7 days, the pain score and size of lesions
significantly decreased in both groups (P < .05). The reduction in pain score and lesion size was
significantly greater in the curcumin nanomicelle gel group at both 4 and 7 days (P < .05). Also,
the efficacy index (EI) was higher in curcumin nanomicelle gel group.
Conclusions: The 1% curcumin nanomicelle gel can be effectively used to enhance the healing of
RAS.
Keywords: Recurrent aphthous stomatitisTreatmentNano-curcuminCurcumi
Phenotype and genetic determination of resistance to common disinfectants among bioflm-producing and non-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from clinical specimens in Iran
Get PDFBackground: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen in Hospitalized patients, and its various resistance
mechanisms contribute to patient morbidity and mortality. The main aims of the present study were to assess the susceptibility of bioflm-producing and non-producing P. aeruginosa isolates to the fve commonly used Hospital disinfectants, to evaluate the synergistic efect of selected disinfectants and Ethylene-diamine-tetra acetic acid (EDTA), and
the efect of exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of Sodium hypochlorite on antimicrobial susceptibility test.
Results: The results showed that sodium hypochlorite 5% and Ethanol 70% were the most and least efective
disinfectants against P. aeruginosa, respectively. The addition of EDTA signifcantly increased the efectiveness of the
selected disinfectants. The changes in the antibiotic-resistance profles after exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of disinfectants were observed for diferent classes of antibiotics (Carbapenems, Aminoglycosides, Cephalosporins, Fluoroquinolones). As well as near the all isolates harbored efux pump genes and 117 (97.5%) of isolates
produced bioflm.
Conclusion: In the current study, the mixture of disinfectant and EDTA were the most suitable selection to disinfect Hospital surfaces and instruments. Also, it was clear that exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of Sodium
hypochlorite results in resistance to some antibiotics in P. aeruginosa species. Strong and intermediate bioflm formers
belonged to MDR/XDR strains. Future studies should include more complex microbial communities residing in the
Hospitals, and more disinfectants use in Hospitals.
Keywords: Nosocomial infection, Disinfectant-resistance, Bioflm, Hospital disinfectants, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Clinical isolate
