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Associations between fear of COVID-19, dental anxiety, and psychological distress among Iranian adolescents
Full text linkOBJECTIVES: The present study evaluated the association of fear of COVID-19 with dental anxiety, oral health-related quality of life
(OHRQoL), and psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress), as well as exploring the mediating role of dental anxiety in
the association of fear of COVID-19 with OHRQoL and psychological distress.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents in high schools of Qazvin city (Iran) from March-June 2021,
recruited through a two-stage cluster sampling method. All the adolescents completed a self-administered survey assessing (i) fear
of COVID-19, (ii) depression, anxiety and stress, (iii) OHRQoL, and (iv) dental anxiety. Structural equation modelling was used to
evaluate all the hypothesised associations, and the model fit was estimated.
RESULTS: A total of 2429 adolescents participated in the study. The conceptual model fitted the data well. Fear of COVID-19 had a
direct effect on dental anxiety (B = 0.316; bias-corrected bootstrapping 95% CI = 0.282, 0.349), depression (B = 0.302; biascorrected
bootstrapping 95% CI = 0.259, 0.347), anxiety (B = 0.289; bias-corrected bootstrapping 95% CI = 0.246, 0.334), stress (B =
0.282; bias-corrected bootstrapping 95% CI = 0.237, 0.328), and OHRQoL (B = −0.354; bias-corrected bootstrapping 95% CI =
−0.530, −0.183). Also, dental anxiety mediated the association of fear of COVID-19 with depression, anxiety stress, and OHRQoL.
CONCLUSIONS: High levels of fear of COVID-19 were associated with high levels of dental anxiety and poorer OHRQoL. Moreover,
fear of COVID-19 was positively associated with anxiety, depression and stress. Increased levels of dental anxiety were also
associated with increased anxiety, stress, depression, and poorer OHRQoL
Comparing the pharmacology knowledge and performance of nurses and nursing students in the use of information resources in pediatrics wards: An observational study
Full text linkObjectives: One of the major duties of nurses is proper medication administration while maintaining patient safety, which
requires sufficient knowledge and practice. Any gaps in knowledge used by nurses can lead to irreversible injury or death
of the patient. This study is aimed to determine and compare the pharmacology knowledge and performance of nurses and
nursing students in using the information resources in pediatrics wards.
Method: This descriptive observational study was performed on 300 nurses and nursing students. Sources of knowledge and
performance of nurses and nursing students were analyzed with researcher-made tools to determine their pharmaceutical
knowledge, sources of knowledge, and attitudes by independent t-test, chi-square, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson,
and Spearman tests.
Result: Three hundred questionnaires were examined. The clinical experience of nurses and students was their most
important source of information in drug challenges for 33.7% of the participants. About 24.6% of nurses obtained the
required information from specialized books on pediatric medicine. About 17.1% of the participants attained their knowledge
from multiple sources (e.g. various available sources such as the Internet, pharmacy books, software, and their experiences
and colleagues), while electronic sources and the Internet were the sources of knowledge for 15.5% and 7.7% of the
nurses, respectively. Concerning nursing students, 6.3% used books, 41.7% considered colleagues (clinical experiences),
20.8% employed electronic resources, 22.8% used the Internet, and 9.1% relied on multiple sources. There were significant
differences in the knowledge and performance of the nurses based on their source of pharmacological knowledge (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Most of the resources used in the hospital are not up-to-date and evidence-base, and the majority of nurses
tend to rely on their clinical experience or their collegues information for medication administration rather than reading
books or searching for up-to-date approaches and information. Nursing students also trust nurses’ clinical experiences
more than other sources provided for them including books and Internet. Some action should be taken by the managers for
boosting the nurses’ tendency for using up-to-date information resources
Intensive care unit, cardiac care unit, and emergency department nurses' perceptions of medical device-related pressure injuries: a cross-sectional study
Full text linkBackground Nurses' perception of medical device-related pressure injuries (MDRPIs) may affect their performance, but there is a lack of studies in this area. Purpose The current study aimed to examine intensive care unit (ICU), cardiac care unit (CCU) and emergency department nurses' perception of proper prevention of MDRPIs and care for individuals with such injuries. Methods This descriptive study was conducted in 4 general hospitals in Iran in 2021. All nurses (N = 310) working in ICUs, CCUs and emergency departments of these facilities were invited to complete a researcher-made demographic checklist and an 11-item questionnaire to assess attitudes toward
MDRPIs. The questionnaire item responses were scored from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) with the total score for the 11 items ranging from 11 to 55. A score of 11 to 25 was categorized as indicating a negative attitude toward proper prevention of MDRPIs and care for such patients; a score of 26 to 40 indicated a neutral attitude, and a score >40 indicated a positive attitude. Results A total of 260 nurses fulfilled the data collection tool. The response rate was 83.8%. The mean total score of attitude toward MDRPIs was 41.7. No significant relationship was observed between the total score of nurses' attitudes and their demographic variables. Of the 260 participants, 159 stated they had not received any trainings on MDRPIs at nursing schools during their education, 212 stated they had not participated in any scientific workshops on MDRPIs, and 167 described their knowledge about the prevention and care of MDRPIs as insufficient. Conclusion Among ICU, CCU, and emergency nurses in Iran, most had a positive attitude toward the prevention and care of MDRPIs, but steps should be taken to offer more opportunities for nurses to increase their knowledge in this area
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Left and Right Ventricular Function in Patients with Coronary Slow Flow Syndrome: A Comparative Study
Full text linkThe Coronary Slow Flow Phenomenon is a syndrome of normal coronary anatomy and delayed progression of contrast medium through the coronary vessels. This research attempts to analyze and compare the systolic and diastolic function of the left and right ventricle in primary Slow Flow and Normal Coronary Flow.Two groups of primary Slow Coronary Flow (33 people) and Normal Coronary Flow (11 people) were included and the systolic and diastolic function of the ventricles was analyzed and compared between them.In the control group 18% of patients had mild and in the case group 24.2% mild, and 3.1% had moderate left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (P >0.05). The frequency distribution of the left and right ventricular systolic dysfunction was similar in the two groups.There was no statistically significant difference between two groups and in the association of cardiac dysfunction, it may be reasonable to investigate other causes
تاثير مداخله آموزشي مبتني بر تئوري رفتار برنامهريزي شده بسط يافته بر مصرف محصولات غذايي تراريخته و ارگانیک در زنان خانهدار مراجعه كننده به مراكز بهداشتي درماني شهر قزوين (دفاع نهایی)
Full text linkبررسی پیش بینی کننده های تبعیض سنی در پرستاران شاغل در بیمارستانهای آموزشی شهر قزوین در سال 1400
Full text linkEffect of Group Counseling on Depression, Stress, and Anxiety of Premenstrual Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Full text linkObjectives: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a combination of physical, spiritual, and emotional symptoms, which periodically happens before the cycle. The current research aims to investigate the effect of group counseling on depression, stress, and anxiety of PMS.
Materials and Methods: The current study is a randomized clinical control trial on 112 married women who experience PMS that makes them refer to health centers in Qazvin city. The samples were divided into two groups of 55 in control and 57 in the trial group, randomly. Three sessions of group counseling were held for the trial group, each session was 45 minutes long and including teaching about PMS and its symptoms, depression, stress, and anxiety caused by this syndrome, and also negative mood and stress management skills. Data were gathered by demographic information questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales 21, and PMS scale.
Results: Initially, when starting the study, the results of the studied variables were homogeneous in both intervention and control groups. Moreover, no significant difference was seen in the severity level of PMS symptoms (P = 0.70) and depression (P = 0.61), stress (P = 0.10), and anxiety (P = 0.60) score before intervention in both groups. After intervention, the mean scores of severity of the PMS (P < 0.001), depression (P < 0.001), stress (P < 0.001), and anxiety (P < 0.001) in the intervention group significantly decreased.
Conclusions: Group counseling caused a significant reduction in the severity of PMSs and depression, stress, and anxiety. Counseling protocol for reducing the severity of the PMS and treating depression recommended
Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on quality of life: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Full text linkThe effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) have consistently been shown to improve
insomnia symptoms and other health-related outcomes, but the effects on QoL have been inconsistent.
Many factors including the type CBT-I delivery and type of instrument used to assess QoL make the topic
complex. The present systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized the evidence of CBT-I efficacy on
QoL outcomes across different populations, delivery modes, and methodological aspects.
Following the guidelines on preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
(PRISMA), a literature search was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO using
keywords from relevant MeSH terms based on PICOS (Participants, Intervention, Comparison,
Outcome and Study) criteria. Clinical trials investigating the effect of CBT-I as an intervention on QoL
with any kind of control group were eligible if they reported mean scores and variation of QoL. Metaanalysis
using a random-effect model was conducted to calculate the standardized mean differences
(SMDs) in a set including all identified studies, as well as in three sub-sets: face-to-face CBT-I using
randomized controlled trials (RCTs), online CBT-I using RCTs, and one-group pre- and post-treatment
design.
A total of 24 studies comprising 1977 participants (808 in an intervention group) from 12 countries
were eligible for meta-analysis. The overall pooled estimate of SMD of QoL when all 24 studies were
included was 0.47 (95% CI: 0.22; 0.72; I2 ¼ 84.5%; tau2 ¼ 0.31; p < 0.001). The overall pooled estimate of
SMD of QoL was 0.46 (95% CI: 0.01e0.90; I2 ¼ 87.5%; tau2 ¼ 0.48, p < 0.001) for intervention groups with
face-to-face CBT-I compared to controls; 0.47 (95% CI: 0.02e0.92; I2 ¼ 88.3%; tau2 ¼ 0.36; p ¼ 0.04) for
intervention groups with digital CBT-I compared to controls, and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.12e0.80; I2 ¼ 52.9%;
tau2 ¼ 0.07; p ¼ 0.08) for one-group pre- and post-comparison using CBT-I intervention compared to
baseline. Moreover, effects of CBT-I on QoL were different across populations (pooled SMD ¼ 0.59 for patients with insomnia; 0.29 for patients with insomnia comorbid with another major disorder; and 0.48
for other conditions) and types of QoL instruments (pooled SMD ¼ 0.36 for disease-specific QoL instrument
not on insomnia, 0.43 for generic QoL instrument, and 0.67 for a single-QoL-item instrument).
The probability of publication bias was ruled out in overall and design specific sub-group analysis based
on funnel plot and Egger's test.
In conclusion, this meta-analysis confirmed a moderate, overall effect of CBT-I in improving QoL.
However, due to small power and heterogeneity, future studies are needed to better explore the impact
of moderating factors such as mode of delivery and type of QoL measure for assessment used.
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Factors Associated With Hope and Quality of Life in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Full text linkBackground: Psychological resources such as hope have been
suggested to affect quality of life (QoL) positively in patients
with heart disease. However, little information regarding the relationship
between these two constructs is available.
Purpose: Thiswork was aimed at examining the factors associated
with hope and QoL in patients with coronary artery disease.
Methods: In this descriptive work, perceived QoL and hope
were assessed in 500 patients with heart disease. The information
was collected using the McGill QoL Questionnaire, demographic
variables, and the Herth Hope Index. The Pearson correlation
test and general linear model were used to examine correlations
through SPSS Version 22.
Results: A considerable correlation was discovered between
QoL and hope (r = .337, p < .001).Multivariate analyseswith regression
revealed that religious beliefs and social support both
had significant and positive effects on the total perceived hope
of patients and that patient age had a considerable negative impact
on QoL ( p < .05). None of these factors had a significant
impact on hope ( p < .05). In addition, the total QoL had a significant
and positive effect on patient feelings and thoughts,
whereas the physical problems component of QoL had a significant
and negative effect on hope ( p < .05). Participants with
higher levels of education reported more hope.
Conclusions: QoL relates significantly to self-perceived hope in
patients. Understanding QoL and hopefulness in patients with
coronary artery disease has implications for nurses and other
healthcare professionals
