Jurnal Teknologi Pangan dan Gizi
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PENGARUH KONSENTRASI GULA, WAKTU PENGERINGAN DAN SUHU PENGERINGAN TERHADAP KADAR GULA REDUKSI, TOTAL FENOL, DAN VITAMIN C, SERTA KARAKTERISTIK RASA MANISAN SALAK PONDOH KERING
Full text linkSalak is one of climacteric fruit native to Indonesia and became a mainstay of horticultural commodities that are exported to foreign countries, such as China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Salak has a high production quantities, it is because salak can bear fruit throughout the year. Salak is rich in a number of functional nutritional components such as phenols and vitamin C, but it is easily damaged after harvest. One attempt to extend its shelf life is by processing salak into dried candied salak. In this study, candied dried salak pondoh made with various concentrations of sugar concentration, drying time and drying temperature. The use of these treatments aim to determine precise variation which is results dried candied salak with the best functional component content. This study uses data analysis in the form of a response surface model consists of three (3) factors which sugar concentration (40%; 60%; 80%), drying time (4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours), and drying temperature (70°C, 80°C, 90°C), with three repetitions of samples. Parameters to be tested are reducing sugar, total phenolic, vitamin C content, and taste. Results of organoleptic taste test were analyzed using ANOVA, while optimization of reducing sugar, total phenolic, vitamin C content, analyzed with RSM (Response Surface Method) and Box-Behnken design using Minitab software 16. Variations in research led to an increase of reducing sugars and total phenol content but decrease of vitamin C content. Variation of the research did not leave a noticeable difference at α = 5% for the taste characteristic of candied dried salak pondoh. Based on the results obtained by the formula optimization, sugar concentration of 80%, drying time of 6 hours, a drying temperature of 70°C produce candied dried salak pondoh with the lowest reduction sugar content, and the highest total phenolic and vitamin C content
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MADU TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN MINUMAN BELUNTAS-TEH HITAM DENGAN PERBANDINGAN 25:75% (B/B)
Full text linkPluchea indica Less plant usually only used as fresh vegetables and traditional medicine. Beluntas leaf contains many phytochemical compounds that act as antioxidants to prevent free radical. One of alternative utilization beluntas leaf is used as a drink that was packed in tea bag which is substituted black tea at 25: 75% (w/w) proportion and the addition of honey. This research was aimed to determine honey additon effect of antioxidants activity in Pluchea indica Less-black tea drink. The research design used was randomized block design with single factor. Factor that was researched is honey addition (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6) on Pluchea indica Less-black tea drink at 25:75% (w/w) proportion. Each treatment was repeated four times. The results showed that honey additon effect of antioxidants activity in Pluchea indica Less-black tea drink. The addition of honey in Pluchea indica Less-black tea drink with various concentrations produced the total phenols ranged from 481.06-632.94 mg GAE/L sample, the total flavonoids ranged from156.18-196.80 mg CE/L sample, the DPPH free radical scavenging activity ranged from 324.13-389.49 mg GAE/L sample, and the iron ion reducing power ranged from 304.80-401.80 mg GAE/L sample. The antioxidant activity of Pluchea indica Less-black tea honey drink positively correlated with total phenols and total flavonoids. The addition honey in Pluchea indica Less-black tea drink to get the hightest antioxidant activity was P6 that had the hightest total phenol and flavonoid
KAJIAN JUMLAH SEL TERLEPAS DAN KARAKTER CARRIER PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI TEPUNG PEPAYA DAN LAMA PENYIMPANAN SEL TERIMOBIL DALAM BEADS
Full text linkPapaya flour added as prebiotic can influencing the cell growth (Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051) and beads texture, also total released cells from the beads thus affecting carrier characteristic. The purpose of this research is to study the interaction of papaya flour concentration and storage time, also effect of each factor to total released cells and carrier characteristic. The research design used is Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors namely concentration of papaya flour consisting of two levels, which were 3% (w/v) and 6% (w/v) and the storage time consisting of five (5) levels, which were 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Each treatment combinations are repeated three times. The analyzed variables were total released cells, pH, total acidity from milk as carrier and also the total of immobilised cells. Data analyzed statistically using ANOVA test (Analysis of Varians) at α = 5% and continued with DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test) at α = 5% to determine which level of treatment that gives significant differences. Papaya flour concentration and storage time give significant interaction effect to the total released cells and total acidity, also significant effect of each factor to carrier’s pH. The higher concentration of papaya flour and the longer storage time increased the total released cells and total acidity. The significant increase of total acidity found in combination of various concentration of papaya flour with 14 to 28 days of storage. The higher concentration of papaya flour or the longer storage time decreased the pH value
POLA PRODUKSI PIGMEN MONASCUS OLEH MONASCUS SP. KJR 2 PADA MEDIA BIJI DURIAN VARIETAS PETRUK MELALUI FERMENTASI PADAT
Full text linkAngkak (red yeast rice) is rice fermented by Monascus sp. Monascus sp. KJR 2 is an isolate from red yeast rice in Kertajaya area. Based on previous study, it is known that KJR 2 is a potential isolate to produce pigments. Petruk durian is kind of tropical fruit that developed in Indonesia. Chemical composition of Petruk durian seeds are 33.68% of starch, 4.13% of protein, 1.00% of fat, 1.62% of minerals, and 84.06% of moisture in dry basis. A sorted Petruk durian seeds were boiled in Ca(OH)2, washed, and peeled-off the skin. Durian seeds were cut into cubes (±1 cm3), sterilized, and inoculated with Monascus sp. KJR 2 starter culture. It was incubated for 16 days with sampling on 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th, 14th, and 16 th days and was analyzed for the ethanol-soluble pigments, water-soluble pigments, and Total Mould. This study was conducted with four (4) replications and regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between fermentation time and Monascus sp. KJR 2 pigments production. Growth of Monascus sp. KJR 2 increased up to 4th day (6,4592 log cfu/g), stationary phase occurred at 6th day (6,3532 log cfu/g) up to 12thday (6,7213 log cfu/g), and death phase begin at 14thday (6,5944 log cfu/g). Production of ethanol-soluble red and yellow pigments increased up to 10thday (1,032 AU/g and 0,866 AU/g), whereas production of orange pigments up to 12thday (0,573 AU/g). Production of water-soluble yellow, orange, and red pigments increased up to 14 th day with yields at 6,458 AU/g, 3,781 AU/g, and 3,265 AU/g
KARAKTERISTIK EDIBLE FILM DARI TAPIOKA DENGAN PENAMBAHAN GELATIN
Full text linkPackaging on the market is generally made of plastic. Plastic polymers have several weaknesses, such as, causing contamination through transmission of monomers from the plastic to the packed material and especially the disability of the packaging to be degraded by nature (non-biodegradable) that can cause pollution to the environment. One of the alternatives to overcome this problem is to make both easy to degrade by nature and safe to be eaten packaging. The raw material for making edible film is tapioca. Tapioca has economic advantages, a renewable resource, and is able to provide the flexibility and transparency of the edible film. However, edible film made of tapioca alone still has a few weaknesses, which are easy to tear and less strength to withstand loads that can be overcame with the use of gelatin. This research uses data analysis in the form of a mathematical model consisting of one (1) factor, namely the addition of gelatin concentration. Each treatment is repeated three (3) times, so there are 21 experimental units. The parameters to be tested are water content, Water Activity (Aw), tensile strength, and percent elongation. The data obtained from each test will be analyzed by finding a mathematical model using regression analysis. The water content of edible film ranges from 12.34% - 12.75%. aw edible film ranges from 0.529 to 0.573. Edible film tensile strength ranging from 46.6 kg / cm 2 - 374,21kg / cm 2. Percent elongation of edible film ranges between 4% - 13%
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI GELATIN DAN GULA TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK PANNA COTTA
Full text linkPanna cotta is an Italian dessert made from heavy whipping cream, milk, gelatin and sugar. The formula of panna cotta in Italia is less suitable to be applied in Indonesia because heavy whipping cream is unavailable in Indonesia and people don’t like thick cream. Replacement of heavy whipping cream with light whipping cream and change in light whipping cream-milk ratio into 1:9 were done to adjust panna cotta with the preference of panelist. This affected to the concentration of gelatin and sugar should be added. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of gelatin and sugar concentration and their interaction on the characteristic of panna cotta. The research design used was a factorial randomized block design that consists of two factors: the concentration of gelatin (1%; 1,25%; and 1,5%) and the concentration of sugar (2,5%; 5%; and 7,5%) to obtain nine combination treatment and replicated three times. Analysis of panna cotta included physical properties (color, syneresis, and texture: hardness), chemical properties (moisture content and total dissolved solids), and the sensory properties based on hedonic test (gel firmness, ease to melt, taste, ease to swallow and color). Data were analyzed using ANOVA test at α = 5%, if the results showed a significant effect, data were analyzed by followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at α = 5% to determine the combination treatment that gave a significant difference. The results indicated interactions between gelatin and sugar concentration provided significant effect on texture (hardness) of panna cotta. Increasing concentration of gelatin caused a decreased in moisture content, syneresis, lightness and ohue, but redness and yellowness increased. Increasing concentration of sugar caused a decreased in moisture content, syneresis, lightness and redness, but total dissolved solids and ohue increased. The treatment recommended was 1% gelatin and 7,5% sugar
PENGARUH PROPORSI DAUN BELUNTAS (Pluchea indica less) DAN TEH HIJAU TERHADAP AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN PRODUK MINUMAN
Full text linkBeluntas has many benefits especially on its leaves because of the phytochemical contents. Therefore, beluntas needs to be combined with other ingredient that can increase the antioxidant activity. One of ingredient that can be combined with beluntas is green tea. Green tea is a beverage that is often consumed and has various health benefits, because of the polyphenol compound contents from flavonoid group, mainly catechins. This research was aimed to determine the effect of beluntas leaves and green tea proportion on antioxidant activity of beverage product. The design of this research used single factor randomized block design. Factors that were researched were beluntas leaves and green tea proportion with five level factors, which were P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5. The results showed that the proportion of beluntas leaves and green tea powder significantly affected on phytochemical compounds, total phenol, total flavonoids, DPPH scavenging activity, and iron ion reducing power. Phenolic content was ranged from 451.13-707.63 mg GAE/L sample, flavonoid content was ranged from 95.73-413.73 mg CE/L sample, DPPH scavenging activity was ranged from 193.38-277.79 mg GAE/L sample, and iron ion reducing power was ranged from 211.50-499.50 mg GAE/L sample. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were positively correlated with the ability to scavenge free radical DPPH and the ability to reduce iron ion. This means that the higher of phenolic and flavonoid contents in beluntas green tea beverage had the higher the antioxidant capacity. The results showed that P3 had the highest antioxidant activity
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI TEPUNG PEPAYA DAN LAMA PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK BEADS DAN VIABILITAS Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051 TERIMOBIL
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of papaya powder concentration and storage time to the physical properties of beads and viability of immobilized Lactobacillus acidophilus FNCC 0051. The Randomized Block Design (RBD) factorial design to be used. There were two (2) factors: concentration of papaya powder consisting of two (2) levels, which were 3% (w/v) and 6% (w/v) and storage time consisting of five (5) levels, which were 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Each treatment combinations repeated three (3) times. Testing is conducted on the beads’ diameter, beads’ texture (hardness, cohesiveness, springiness) and also immobilized cell’s viability. Data analyzed by ANOVA test (Analysis of Varians) at α = 5% and continued with DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Range Test) at α = 5 if the level of treatment had a significant effect. Beads diameter ranged 5.07 – 5.68 mm and the higher papaya powder concentration or the longer storage time would make the beads’s diameter bigger. Hardness ranged 29.2376 – 48.5756 g, cohesiveness ranged 0.3800 – 0.5211, and springiness ranged 0.8398 – 0.9889. The higher level concentration of papaya powder decrease beads’ hardness and cohesiveness but there’s no effect on springiness. The viability of immobilized Lactobacillus acidophillus FNCC 0051 ranged 8.6021 – 11.5474 log cfu/gram. Storage time significantly influenced the viability of immobilized cells, which the highest viable cells (11.1795 log cfu/g) obtained from 21 days of storage time
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI TEPUNG PEPAYA DAN LAMA PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP KETAHANAN L. acidophilus FNCC 0051 TERIMOBIL PADA KONDISI ASAM LAMBUNG DAN GARAM EMPEDU
Full text linkPapaya powder added as a prebiotic, but its concentration and storage time in UHT milk as a carrier can impact on viability of immobilized cell in gastric acid and bile salt condition. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the interaction of papaya powder concentration and storage time and also the influence of each these factors on the survival of immobilized L. acidophilus FNCC 0051 in gastric acid and bile salt. The research design used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) of factorial design. Papaya powder concentrations as the first factor consisting of two levels (3% b/v and 6% b/v) and the storage times as the second factor consisting of five levels (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days). Each treatment combinations repeated three times. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) at α = 5%. Based on the results, use of 6% concentration papaya powder significantly increasing the survival of immobilized L. acidophilus FNCC 0051 on condition of gastric acid. Meanwhile, interaction of papaya powder concentration and storage time significantly affect the resistance of immobilized L. acidophilus FNCC 0051 on bile salt condition. Storage along 14 days decreasing the cells number, but the survival cell on bile salt condition increased by the use of 6% concentration of papaya powder during 21 days of storage. The highest survival with decreased cell 0,1459 log cfu/g obtained from combination of 6% concentration of papaya powder at 21 days of storage time
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI MADU TERHADAP SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA DAN SIFAT ORGANOLEPTIK MINUMAN BELUNTAS-TEH HITAM DENGAN PERBANDINGAN 25:75% (B/B)
Full text linkBased on previous research is found the proportion of beluntas leaves powder and black tea the best of 25 : 75% (w/w). However, specially the discovery of the organoleptic properties (aroma and taste) that are less in demand by consumers and a decrease of total phenols, flavonoids, ability to scavenge free radicals, as well as the ability to reduce ferric (Fe3+) ion to ferrous (Fe2+) ion. One solution being taken to overcome these obstacles is the addition of honey as a sweetener and natural antioxidants. Research was conducted to determine the effect of honey concentration on physicochemical properties and organoleptic properties of functional beverage beluntas and black tea proportion of 25:75% (w/w). The research design was randomized block design with single factor. Factor that had been done the concentration of the honey including P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, and P6 (w/v). Each treatment had been repeated four times. The results showed that concentration of honey significantly affected on physicochemical properties and organoleptic properties of beverage product. Turbidity value was ranged from 6.31-20.14 NTU; pH value was ranged from 6.65-6.96; titratable acid was ranged from 0.0040-0.0177 mg gluconat acid/100 mL infusion; hue angle value was ranged from 25.49º-54.76º; and chroma value was ranged from 2.19-2.63. Appropiate concentration of honey to get the best treatment from organoleptic test was P6 with color value 7.14; flavour value 6.59; taste value 7.35; turbidity value 18.04 NTU; pH value 6.65; titratable acid value 0.0177 mg GAE/100 mL; hue angle value 25.49º; and chroma value 2.63