ETNOSIA : Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia
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Redefining the Philosophy of Mikul Dhuwur Mendhem Jero in Elderly Care in Rural Java
Full text linkModernization has shifted the meaning of the philosophy of mikul dhuwur mendhem jero or filial piety of children caring for parents or the elderly in rural Java. Changes in family structure have led to fewer children being able to care for their parents, although the value of filial piety remains in the hearts of children. It is important to explore the shift in meaning in local wisdom-based elderly care mechanisms in the context of modernization. This article aims to describe the importance of redefining the Javanese philosophy of parental care due to changes in family structure and relationship patterns.
The research used qualitative approach. The study was conducted in Bantul, Yogyakarta between May and July 2023. There eight informants involve in this study who are either elderly or caregivers. Data was collected using in-depth interview and observation.
The findings show that even though there are four pattern of elderly care (family care, paid care, self-care, and social care), family care is still favor by members of the family. Material becomes a benchmark for the level of devotion to parents that they recognize together, and the role of social mechanisms is still running well, although limited. The level of filial piety of children to their parents is reflected in the quality of care and how well they pay attention. This research emphasizes the adaptation of traditional values to modern realities while maintaining the essence of children\u27s filial responsibilities in the Javanese cultural context
Studi Etnoparenting “Manjujai” Pola Pengasuhan Anak Berbasis Kearifan Lokal pada Keluarga Etnis Minangkabau Studi Kasus di Nagari Kasang Padang Pariaman
No full textIndonesia, with its diverse ethnicities, has a meaningful culture to support children\u27s growth and development. This study will examine ethnoparenting of Minangkabau ethnic group, termed manjujai. A qualitative approach was used, conducted in Nagari Kasang, Batang Anai District, Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra with data gathered from in-depth interviews with 20 informants, direct observation of interactions between children, parents, and extended family members. The findings reveal that manjujai serves as an effective medium for strengthening children’s character. This tradition is expressed in various forms such as chants, songs, and simple games that holistically stimulate children’s cognitive, motoric, emotional, and spiritual development. The Minangkabau\u27s extended family system, which is based on a matrilineal structure, reinforces the effectiveness of manjujai by making early childhood caregiving a collective responsibility of the larger family network. Despite concerns about the tradition\u27s potential extinction as a result of modernization, manjujai is still actively practiced in Nagari Kasang, demonstrating the community\u27s social structure and collective awareness of the importance of cultural identity preservation. Thus, Minangkabau ethnoparenting in the manjujai tradition represents a sustainable caregiving practice that positively contributes to child development.Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan dan menganalisis pola pengasuhan suku bangsa Minangkabau di nagari Kasang Kecamatan Batang Anai Kabupaten Padang Pariaman Sumatera Barat. Artikel ini mengunakan konsep etnoparenting, suatu pendekatan antropologi pendidikan dalam mengkaji pola pengasuhan orang tua dalam suku bangsa tertentu dengan segala keunikan. Dalam hal ini, fokus etnoparenting yang diteliti adalah pada suku bangsa Minangkabau. Penelitian ini mengunakan pendekatan kualitatif diskriptif. Sumber data diperoleh melalui studi dokumentasi, wawancara mendalam dan observasi pada proses interaksi anak-anak, orang tua dan keluarga luasnya serta tokoh masyarakat pada suku bangsa Minangkabau di nagari Kasang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Tradisi Manjujai adalah pola pengasuhan anak usia dini dalam keluarga Minangkabau melibatkan keluarga luas dan karib kerabat di lingkungan rumah mereka. Pola pengasuhan tidak hanya proses perawatan anak namun juga proses pendidikan anak usia dini yang menjadi tanggung jawab keluarga luas. Proses pendidikan anak dilakukan melalui aktivitas permainan dan menyanyi yang mengandung nilai positif yang menstimulus kecerdasan emosi, motorik, dan intelektual anak. Keluarga memiliki cara tersendiri dalam mengasuh, mendidik serta memberikan permainan kepada anak anak. Pola pola yang dilakukan oleh keluarga dalam akhtivitas Manjujai adalah ekspresi budaya Masyarakat yang masih dipertahankan
Negotiating the Sacred and the Profane: The Kase Nae Tiang Alif Ritual of the Makeang People
Full text linkStudies on local Islam in Indonesia have predominantly focused on Java and other major islands, leaving limited attention to the dynamics of Islamic practice in Eastern Indonesia. This article deals with a religious ritual of Makeang community by examining the Kase Nae Tiang Alif ritual as an expression of syncretic religiosity. The ritual, which is part of a mosque construction procession, merges sacred elements—such as prayers led by a hakim syara (Islamic judge)—with profane performances like the ronggeng togal dance. This ethnographic study was conducted in Ngofabobawa Village, Malifut District, North Maluku Province, between 2016 and 2019, employing participant observation and in-depth interviews with 23 informants of diverse backgrounds. The research findings show that the Kase Nae Tiang Alif ritual reflects the community’s negotiation between Islamic values, local cosmology, and ecological relationships. It serves not only as a religious act, but it also as a mechanism for communal solidarity and cultural continuity. The sacralization of the Tiang Alif (sacred pillar) demonstrates that local religiosity is rooted in symbolic practices that merge the divine and the material worlds. It is argued in this article that the ritual represents a space of negotiation between sacred and profane domains in the formation of local Islamic identity. This negotiation occurs through community participation, sensory expressions, and symbolic performances.Artikel ini mengkaji ritual Kase Nae Tiang Alif pada komunitas Makeang di Maluku Utara sebagai ekspresi religiositas sinkretis. Ritual ini, yang merupakan bagian dari prosesi pembangunan masjid, memadukan unsur-unsur sakral—seperti doa yang dipimpin oleh seorang hakim syara—dengan ekspresi profan seperti tari ronggeng togal. Studi ini didasarkan pada kerja lapangan etnografi yang dilakukan di Desa Ngofabobawa, Kecamatan Malifut, Provinsi Maluku Utara, antara tahun 2016 hingga 2019, dengan menggunakan observasi partisipan, wawancara mendalam dengan 23 informan dari latar belakang yang beragam, serta dokumentasi pertunjukan ritual.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ritual Kase Nae Tiang Alif yang dipraktikkan oleh komunitas Makeang bukan sekadar representasi dari praktik keagamaan yang sakral, melainkan juga cerminan dari dinamika sosial, budaya, dan simbolik yang kompleks dalam Islam lokal di Maluku Utara. Dalam pelaksanaannya, ritual ini tidak hanya dipahami sebagai proses pembangunan masjid, tetapi juga sebagai sarana untuk memperkuat solidaritas komunal, menjaga hubungan ekologis dengan lingkungan sekitar, serta menegosiasikan posisi manusia dalam kosmologi spiritual mereka.
Tahapan ritual ini dimulai dari musyawarah bersama, pemilihan pohon, penebangan, pensakralan, hingga pendirian tiang sakral. Pada tahapan tersebut tampak jelas bagaimana komunitas membangun Tiang Alif sebagai poros sakral yang menghubungkan dunia manusia di bawah dengan ranah ilahi di atas. Proses pensakralan terhadap objek alam ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem kepercayaan masyarakat tidak semata-mata berakar pada doktrin agama formal, melainkan juga terbentuk melalui praktik simbolik yang tertanam dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa ritual tersebut tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai tindakan keagamaan, tetapi juga sebagai ruang negosiasi antara nilai-nilai Islam, tradisi lokal, dan warisan kolonial
Nyekar Sekardadu Grave as The Formation of Community Collective Memory Coastal
Full text linkThis study examines the tradition of nyekar makam Dewi Sekardadu as an element of collective memory in the coastal community of Sidoarjo, Indonesia, focusing on its transformation from a sacred spiritual practice to commercialized cultural tourism. Unlike existing literature, which generally focuses on traditional practices as static cultural artifacts threatened by modernization. This study reveals how the nyekar tradition dynamically adapts through economic integration while maintaining community relevance, introducing a new perspective by showing how collective memory sites can serve dual functions as both unifiers and dividers of communities, with some locations claiming authenticity a phenomenon that has been under-explored in Indonesian cultural tourism studies. Using a qualitative approach, this study was conducted in Kepetingan Village (Buduran Subdistrict) and Wunut Village (Porong Subdistrict) in Sidoarjo. Data was collected using in-depth interview with ten informants, consisting of two traditional community leaders and eight local residents who directly participate in the tradition, supplemented by participatory observation. The study shows significant transformations where spiritual values now account for only 15% of the tradition, while entertainment and economic aspects are dominant. This tradition operates as a habitus within the social arena of coastal communities, where various forms of capital (cultural, symbolic, social, and economic) interact and convert within the context of modernization, while the tomb of Dewi Sekardadu has become a contested site of memory, reflecting the complex dynamics of collective memory. This study contributes to an understanding of how collective memory is dynamically reconfigured through the interaction between changing social habitus and evolving economic arenas, representing adaptive mechanisms rather than threats to authenticity in Indonesian coastal communities.Penelitian ini mengkaji tradisi Nyekar makam Sekardadu sebagai elemen pembentuk memori kolektif pada masyarakat pesisir Sidoarjo, Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berperspektif fenomenologis yang diintegrasikan dengan teori praktik sosial Pierre Bourdieu dan teori memori kolektif Maurice Halbwachs, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana tradisi ini berfungsi sebagai warisan budaya sekaligus sumber ekonomi. Penelitian dilakukan di desa Kepetingan (kecamatan Buduran) dan desa Wunut (kecamatan Porong) di Sidoarjo, Metode Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan dokumentasi. Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan transformasi signifikan dari tradisi Nyekar yang awalnya praktik spiritual menjadi fenomena budaya yang terkomodifikasi dan terintegrasi dengan wisata religi. Analisis menunjukkan bagaimana tradisi ini beroperasi sebagai habitus dalam arena sosial masyarakat pesisir, di mana berbagai bentuk modal (budaya, simbolik, sosial, dan ekonomi) berinteraksi dan berkonversi dalam konteks modernisasi. Penelitian mendemonstrasikan bahwa makam Dewi Sekardadu telah menjadi situs memori yang diperebutkan dengan beberapa lokasi yang mengklaim keaslian, mencerminkan bagaimana memori kolektif berfungsi sebagai perekat sekaligus pemisah komunitas. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi pergeseran paradigma dari sakral ke profan, dengan nilai-nilai spiritual kini hanya mencakup sekitar 15% dari tradisi sementara aspek hiburan dan ekonomi mendominasi. Transformasi ini merepresentasikan mekanisme adaptif yang memungkinkan tradisi tetap relevan dalam masyarakat kontemporer daripada menjadi ancaman terhadap keaslian. Studi ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman bagaimana memori kolektif direkonfigurasi secara dinamis melalui interaksi antara perubahan habitus masyarakat dan perluasan arena ekonomi di komunitas pesisir Indonesia
A Promise of the Future or A Dead End: Occupation and Social Conflict in Palm Oil Plantations in West Pasaman
Full text linkThis paper discusses the conflict that occurred on land owned by PT. PHP I, which was occupied by the Nagari Kapa community as their customary land. The community requested land rights in order to gain access to the land based on the Babingkah Adat customary system. Therefore, this paper analyses the nature of customary provisions in land ownership and the community\u27s actual motives for occupying PT. PHP I\u27s land. Using critical ethnography approach, it analyses social relations, social inequality, and capitalist hegemony in the palm oil industry. Data was collected using participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and text analysis of the perspectives of the community, traditional leaders, and the legality of land use. The study shows that the transfer of land by traditional leaders (ninik mamak) Nagari Kapa to the state (West Pasaman government) in 1997 was a statement that contained political, legal, and customary elements. Therefore, the customary framework cannot be accessed and cannot be fully applied. The customary framework cannot be accessed and cannot be fully applied. The occupation of land by the Nagari Kapa community represents their resistance and resilience to defend their land. They are not only fighting and reclaiming the land taken by PT. PHP I, but also opposing the arbitrary actions of their ninik mamak, who unilaterally handed over the land to another party. Thus, the social awareness of occupying PHP I\u27s land is a form of aspiration and resistance by the community to reclaim their land rights.
Melestarikan Budaya Jawa Melalui Media Digital: Studi Etnografi Virtual tentang Adaptasi Strategis Radio Puspa FM
No full textAs a station dedicated to preserving local Javanese culture, Puspa FM faces challenges in expanding its audience and increasing advertising revenue within a competitive media landscape. This study examines Radio Puspa FM\u27s strategic adaptation in Pacitan, Indonesia, amid digital transformation and cultural commodification. Using a qualitative approach and virtual ethnography, researchers interacted with the station as listeners, community members, and contributors. Seven informants were purposively selected based on their active involvement in Puspa FM\u27s management, cultural programming, and online listener communities. We triangulated in-depth interviews, participant observation, and a focus group discussion as our data collection methods. The findings reveal that Puspa FM utilizes digital platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube to extend its reach and attract advertisers, while participatory engagement sustains its cultural authenticity. It also shows that the station reconfigures its content and business model to enhance engagement and sustainability while maintaining its cultural mission. The study implies that integrating digital innovation with participatory values can serve as a practical model for local cultural media seeking to balance tradition, audience engagement, and financial resilience in the digital era.Penelitian ini mengkaji adaptasi strategis yang dilakukan oleh Radio Puspa FM di Pacitan, Indonesia, dalam menghadapi transformasi digital dan komodifikasi budaya. Sebagai stasiun radio yang berkomitmen melestarikan budaya lokal Jawa, Radio Puspa FM menghadapi tantangan dalam memperluas jangkauan pendengarnya dan meningkatkan pendapatan iklan di tengah lingkungan media yang kompetitif. Peneliti menelaah bagaimana stasiun ini menyesuaikan konten dan model bisnisnya untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan audiens dan keberlanjutan, tanpa meninggalkan misi budayanya. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan etnografi virtual, peneliti berinteraksi dengan Radio Puspa FM sebagai pendengar, anggota komunitas, dan kontributor. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan diskusi kelompok terarah (FGD) dengan tujuh informan, yang terdiri atas manajemen radio, penyiar, komunitas pendengar, pemerhati budaya, dan perwakilan pemerintah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Radio Puspa FM telah memanfaatkan platform digital seperti Facebook dan YouTube untuk memperluas jangkauan dan meningkatkan pendapatan. Namun demikian, tantangan seperti stagnasi konten dan kebutuhan akan inovasi berkelanjutan tetap menjadi hambatan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa adaptasi strategis yang berpijak pada keterlibatan partisipatif dan konvergensi digital menjadi kunci untuk mempertahankan keberlangsungan media budaya di era digital
The Role of Instagram as an Agent for Socialization in Integrated Islamic School at SMP IT Abu Bakar Yogyakarta: A Netnography Study
Full text linkIn the digital era, social media platforms have become essential tools for educational institutions to communicate, engage, and shape public perception. This study explores the role of Instagram as an agent of socialization within the context of an Integrated Islamic School, specifically SMP IT Abu Bakar Yogyakarta. This type of research is descriptive-qualitative using a netnography approach. This research analyzes the visual and textual content posted on the school’s Instagram account, along with user interactions such as comments and likes, to understand how values, identity, and community norms are constructed and transmitted in a digital space. Findings indicate that Instagram functions beyond mere promotion; it actively contributes to the process of value internalization among students, parents, and prospective stakeholders. The platform serves as a medium for reinforcing Islamic identity, showcasing school culture, and facilitating participatory engagement that reflects the broader educational mission of the institution. Through curated content and interactive features, the school extends its influence into the digital realm, transforming Instagram into a space of informal yet meaningful socialization. This study highlights the evolving role of social media in contemporary Islamic education and emphasizes the need for intentional and value-driven digital communication strategies. It also presents a novel application of netnography in analyzing religious educational contexts, contributing to the understanding of how traditional institutions adapt to digital environments while maintaining their ideological foundations
Sacred Sounds in Transit: The Transformation of Indonesian Ritual Music as a Creative Economy Commodities
Full text linkThis critical ethnographic study examines the Indonesian ritual music transformation into creative economy commodities, revealing complex negotiations between cultural preservation and market logic. Its primary contribution is a multi-actor governance model that reveals how Indonesian ritual music is strategically managed within a competitive ecosystem of power. Through multi-sited fieldwork, this study examines how Indonesian ritual music is reconfigured for tourism, negotiating between spiritual authenticity and commercial viability. Employing a mixed-method approach that combines critical reanalysis of existing ethnographic documentation with targeted primary fieldwork, the study traces power dynamics underlying commodification processes through multi-temporal perspectives. The research engaged a diverse range of informants, including traditional practitioners, PINKAN officials, government representatives, and multi-general artist to ground this analysis. Intensive participant observation during UNESCO recognition processes was supplemented by validation fieldwork across all three sites to capture contemporary transformations. Findings reveal that ritual music\u27s market transit generates stratified outcomes where local communities, state agencies, and global markets compete for definitional authority over cultural meaning. While creative economy initiatives provide economic incentives for cultural transmission, they simultaneously restructure traditional authority, privileging market-oriented aesthetics over cosmological meanings. Traditional leaders function as "ritual CEOs" managing bifurcated musical practices, aristocratic families rebrand ancestral ceremonies as exclusive tourism products, while practitioners navigate UNESCO standardization processes that potentially rigidify living traditions. The research demonstrates that commodification operates through nuanced community strategies maintaining ritual integrity while engaging market opportunities, including "contextual competence" and subversive tactics redirecting revenues toward non-commercial ritual activities. However, technological mediation creates "sonic schizophrenia" where recorded versions exist independently from spatially embedded practices, potentially disconnecting techniques from cosmological foundations. These findings contribute to ethnomusicological understanding by challenging preservation versus commercialization binaries and demonstrating adaptive strategies for cultural sustainability. The study advocates for equitable models centering community agency while preserving cosmological foundations essential to ritual music\u27s cultural vitality
Stories, Myths and Rituals: Life in the Mentawai Archipelago in a Globalism Analysis
No full textMyths, rituals and life stories are interconnected and conveyed through long-standing oral traditions, making them important cultural assets of indigenous peoples around the world. In the Mentawai Islands, myths and rituals are inseparable from the daily lives of the people. The myths are not only communicated within the community but also revealed to outsiders. This research deviates from earlier literature as it aims to explore the relationship between traditional rituals, life stories, myths and modern dynamics in the different valleys to trace the ancestral claims of land ownership. The study employed a qualitative approach. Data was collected through observation and in-depth interviews with Sikerei (shaman), clan elders and notable clan individuals in the thinly populated watersheds in south Siberut Island, complemented by a literature review. The findings show that various rituals and myths about the life journey of the Mentawai people are important to current values. Extended with a unique culture of body tattoos, botanical knowledge, sago staple food consumption combined with animal protein feasts. It can be concluded that myths have a relationship with their living practices they lived, the formation and strengthening of their cultural identities, belief systems and clan land claims in Mentawai. It suggests their indigenous knowledge can opens up a power to see what is not evident to the average mind and contributes to different shades of feeling and experiences
The Role of Indigenous Communities in Turtle Breeding Activities, Skouw Yambe Village, Papua
Full text linkThis study uniquely examines the role of indigenous communities in turtle conservation in Skouw Yambe Village, Jayapura City, Papua, by employing a descriptive qualitative approach. Unlike previous research, this study provides an in-depth analysis of local community conservation practices specifically focused on four turtle species: green turtle (Chelonia Mydas), hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys Imbricata), loggerhead turtle (Caretta Caretta), and leatherback turtle (Dermochelys Coriacea). Unlike previous research that predominantly offered superficial, descriptive accounts of conservation activities, this study delves deep into the complex socio-ecological mechanisms that underpin community-driven environmental preservation.
By applying qualitative approach, this study utilizes an integrated methodology of in-depth interviews and participatory observation. A total of nine informants were purposefully selected for this study, representing diverse perspectives within the indigenous community of Skouw Yambe Village.
The study reveals a systematic traditional knowledge system for species identification and conservation practices, demonstrating how indigenous communities in Skouw Yambe Village effectively use intergenerational ecological knowledge to protect and manage local turtle populations The conservation process encompasses three critical stages: egg collection, incubation, and hatchling release, occurring between January and May each year. It demonstrates that turtle conservation in this location transcends mere species preservation, representing a manifestation of cultural values and environmental ethics. The community-based conservation model harmoniously synthesizes traditional ecological wisdom with modern conservation methodologies. The approach aims to prevent species extinction, protect coastal habitats, strengthen social cohesion, and empower local communities. The conservation initiative is supported by three fundamental components: high community awareness and participation, synergistic collaboration with government and non-governmental agencies, and conducive natural habitat conditions. Despite challenges such as plastic pollution and coastal erosion, the Skouw Yambe indigenous community has developed an adaptive conservation strategy. The study concludes by emphasizing the urgent need to recognize and support indigenous communities as ecosystem guardians, highlighting the potential of this community-based conservation model as a comprehensive reference for similar programs, while acknowledging the unique socio-ecological characteristics of each region