Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics (JARTS)
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Long-term Trend in Pre-grazing Horizontal Distribution of Herbage Mass in Bahiagrass Pasture (Paspalum notatum Flügge)
Get PDFGrazing by cattle plays a main role in development of spatial heterogeneity in pasture and through it, as well, in stability of particular grazing system. In this study the first five years (1995-1999) of a long-term trial in pre-grazing distribution of herbage mass in bahiagrass pasture, utilised under the same repeated grazing management are shown. Herbage mass was non-destructively estimated with an electronic capacitance probe at 182, 50 by 50 cm locations along 2 permanent line transects. The changes in pre-grazing horizontal distribution of herbage mass during five grazing seasons were measured always on the same position on two transects just before the beginning of each grazing period (27 occasions). The pre-grazing herbage mass shows spatially heterogeneous distribution, as it was indicated by the coefficient of variation in the range from 0.221 (August 1998) to 1.107 (September 1995) for all measurement dates. This research had also the aim to quantify the stability of sward in a long-term distribution of pre-grazing herbage mass in bahiagrass pasture, and the calculated correlation coefficient of multilinear regression (r=0.612) was highly significant (p 0.001). Anyway, it is difficult to say weather this pasture is going to maintain the same spatial pattern of herbage mass in, for example, next five years. That is, to continue this research in the future is necessary task in obtaining more information about spatial heterogeneity of vegetation in bahiagrass pasture, and implication of agro ecological advantages to grazing systems
Factors Influencing Farmer-to-Farmer Transfer of an Improved Cowpea Variety in Kano State, Nigeria
Get PDFDiffusion of improved technologies among small-scale farmers, especially where formal methods and market mechanisms are inefficient, can be enhanced through the participation of farmers. Unfortunately, formal methods of disseminating improved seed in most African countries have not taken advantage of the farmers’ traditional transfer methods. This article deals with the role of farmer-to-farmer transfer and dissemination of an improved cowpea seed variety in Nigeria. Using household and farm level data from 133 respondents, the study adopts a logit model to investigate the determinants of the farmers’ decision to transfer the new seed variety to other farmers.Area of improved cowpea cultivated, yield, market price of seed, use of pesticides and threshing quality were found to be significant variables affecting farmers’ decision to transfer the improved cowpea variety
Evaluierung des Modells für integrierte Schädlingsbekämpfung im Baumwollanbau durch Kontaktbauern in der Harran Ebene
Get PDFIn dieser Untersuchung wird eine Evaluierung des Beratungsprojektes ”Integrierte Schädlingsbekämpfung im Baumwollanbau durch Kontaktlandwirte“ des Pflanzenschutzamt der Provinzstadt Sanliurfa aus dem Jahr 1999 beschrieben. Mit einem einfachen Evaluierungsansatz werden die Ziele und die Arbeitsmethoden der Beratungsorganisation untersucht. Dazu wurde eine Befragung mit 54 Landwirten in 18 Dörfern und mit 12 Beratern durchgeführt. Die Mehrheit der Berater hat langjährige Berufserfahrung, insbesondere auch in der Provinz und schätzen ihre Klienten im Pflanzenschutz als beratungsbedürftig ein. Jedoch ist der Wissensstand der Berater in Bereichen außerhalb der Produktionstechnik noch gering. Die Wirksamkeit des Beratungsansatzes zeigt sich vor allem dadurch, dass der Wissensstand der Kontaktlandwirte in produktionstechnischen Fragen fast durchgängig wesentlich höher angetroffen wird, als derjenige der Kontrolllandwirte. Auch liegt die Übernahmequote bei den vom Pflanzenschutzdienst empfohlenen Neuerungen bei den Kontaktlandwirten wesentlich höher als bei den Kontrolllandwirten.br /Die Wirksamkeit des Pilotprojektes ließe sich durch verschiedene Maßnahmen noch nachhaltig verbessern, dazu werden entsprechende Empfehlungen gegeben. Einschließlich dieser Verbesserungen erscheint der Beratungsansatz auch für andere Bewässerungsgebiete in der Türkei als geeignet
Spread of Tuberculosis in Cattle Stocks in Various Areas of Tajikistan
No full textThe publication shows that cattle stocks have severely suffered from tuberculosis in the investigated periods (1943 - 1994) in the Republic of Tadzhikistan. The main causes for this situation can be seen in the insufficient implementation of – veterinary measures, – diagnostical control of stocks and – long term control of suffering stocks. Insufficient desinfection of sheds as well as poor qualification of veterinary staff and bad feeding conditions have also contributed to this situation. The implementation of these measures will contribute to diminishing and, in the future, to complete controlling tuberculosis of the cattle stocks in the Republic of Tadzhikistan: carefully investigating the cattle stocks with regard to suffering from tuberculosis, strictly obeying prescriptions and recommendations and systematic and planful work of all staff responsible
Utilisation of Mucuna Beans (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC ssp. deeringianum (Bart) Hanelt) to Feed Growing Broilers
Get PDFPerformance of broilers fed on diets containing mucuna beans (MB) (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC ssp. deeringianum (Bart) Hanelt) with different treatments were studied in three experiments. First experiment: three sorghum diets using 0 and 280g/kg of MB raw or soaked were evaluated. Second experiment: three sorghum diets using 0 and 280g/kg of MB raw or boiled were evaluated. Third experiment: six maize diets: maize only, three diets containing 280g/kg of MB raw, soaked or boiled, one containing soybean and a balanced diet (control) were evaluated. Experiment one: the birds fed on the 0g MB/kg showed a higher live weight gain (LWG) and a lower feed:gain ratio (FG) (p 0.01) than birds fed on the MB diets. There were no differences for any of the variables studied between the birds fed on the MB diets. Experiment two: the birds fed on the 0g MB/kg performed better (p 0.01) than birds fed on the MB diets. However, birds fed on the boiled MB diet had a higher LWG and a lower FG (p 0.01) than birds fed on the raw and soaked MB diet. Experiment three: the birds fed on the control diet obtained a higher LWG (p 0.01) than birds fed on the remainder treatments. The birds fed on the raw MB diet had a lower FG (p 0.01) than birds on the remainder treatments. However, birds fed on the boiled MB had a higher LWG and feed intake than birds fed on raw and soaked MB diets and only maize diet (p 0.01), but, lower (p 0.01) in comparison to birds fed on the soybean diet. The birds on the raw and soaked MB diets performed worst (p 0.01), even in comparison to birds fed on only maize (p 0.01). The results from these experiments indicated that inclusion of 280g MB/kg in the diet affected adversely the poultry performance. However, utilisation of MB boiled improved the broilers performance compared to birds fed on the raw and soaked MB diets
Dendrological analysis of the parks of Dushanbe
Get PDFAn analysis of tree varieties growing in the parks of Dushanbe (Tajikistan) is represented in this publication. The plants being found in the territories investigated are listed. Recommendations are given to improve the parks of the town
Socio-economic and Technical Characteristics of Backyard Animal Husbandry in Two Rural Communities of Yucatan, Mexico
Get PDFThis research work was conducted in order to asses the socio-economic and technical aspects of backyard animal rearing in two communities of Yucatán, México. One hundred and thirty nine families were interviewed in Sudzal (C1) and 117 families in San Jose Tzal (C2). A structured questionnaire was used to interview the families on technical and socio-economic aspects. Using this information the technical level of animal husbandry and a index of socio-economic status of the families involved in backyard animal rearing in both communities were determined. In C1 46.8% of the interviewed families reared animals in their backyard in comparison to 70.9% in C2. Main animal species kept in the backyard were chickens (C1= 92.3% and C2= 88.0), turkeys (C1= 63.1% and C2= 55.4%) and pigs (C1= 38.5% and 1C2= 5. 7% in C1 and C2 respectively). In C2 100% of pigs kept in the backyard were of the commercial type. Technical level in animal production was significantly higher (P 0.0001) in C2 than in C1, because utilisation of commercial diets was higher in C2 (P 0.001) than in C1. The families of C2 had a higher socio-economic level (P 0.002) than families from C1, because families of C2 have houses built with lasting materials (P 0.0001) and the occupation of the head of the family was associated with higher income (merchants or employees) (P 0.0001). The correlation coefficients between socio-economic status and technical level in backyard animal production showed that 84% of the technical level was explained by the socio-economic status. It can be concluded that socio-economic status has a high influence on backyard animal production characteristics. The socio-economic status determine the number of animals kept and the technical level in animal rearing
Factors Influencing Adoption of Soil Conservation Measures in Southern Ethiopia: The Case of Gununo Area
Get PDFSoil degradation is one of the most serious environmental problems in Ethiopia. The Ethiopian highlands have been experiencing declining soil fertility and severe soil erosion due to intensive farming on steep and fragile lands and other factors attributed to population pressure. This study used a binomial logit model to identify factors that determine adoption of physical soil conservation measures, namely soil bunds and fanyajuu in Southern Ethiopia, Gununo area. Data collected from a random sample of 120 heads of households were used to estimate the binomial logit model. The results show that adoption of soil conservation measures depends on a host of factors.Ab out 78 percent of the sample cases were correctly predicted using the model
Efectos Agrobiológicos de Coberturas Verdes en el Cultivo de la Pitahaya (Hylocereus undatus Britton & Rose) en Nicaragua
Get PDFEl experimento fue realizado en Masaya - Tipitapa durante dos a˜nos, con la finalidad de determinar el efecto de diferentes coberturas verdes sobre la disponibilidad de materia orgánica, la biomasa, macronutrientes (N,P,K) en el suelo, la incidencia de pestes agrícolas, el crecimiento y rendimiento de la pitahaya, y estimar el equivalente del uso de la tierra. Los tratamientos incluyeron las coberturas verdes: Mucuna pruriens, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Vigna unguiculata, Dolichos lablab y el manejo tradicional (sin cobertura), y el análisis del comportamiento de cuatro clones (Orejona, Lisa, Cebra y San Ignacio). Los tratamientos con M. pruriens, C. cajan y C. ensiformis produjeron mas biomasa y aumentaron los contenidos de materia orgánica y NPK en el suelo. En ambos ciclos el clon m´as productivo y m´as resistente a plagas y enfermedades fue el Orejona con 2942 y 2547 kg ha−1.S e obtuvieron incrementos en el número de frutos por hectárea y en el rendimiento al asociar pitahaya con D. lablab, C. cajan, M. pruriens y V. unguiculata. El uso equivalente de la tierra fue mayor en coberturas verdes que en el manejo tradicional
Productivity and Breeding Strategies of Sheep in Indonesia: A Review
Get PDFThere are two distinct types of sheep in Indonesia: thin-tailed and fat-tailed, with some strain differentiation within each. The most important sheep breeds of Indonesia are the Javanese Thin Tail (JTT) and Javanese Fat Tail (JFT) sheep of West and East Java, respectively. Included are strains of thin tailed sheep Sumatra Thin Tailed (STT), Semarang, Garut and the Priangan sheep. The government also introduced some temperate sheep breeds (such as: Merino, Suffolk, Dorset, Suffas, Dormer, St.Croix and Barbados Blackbelly sheep). The purposes of this paper are to review the potential of productivity for local sheep and their crosses with some imported sheep breeds. The concepts of breeding strategies for sheep in Indonesia are also discussed in three parts: (1) evaluation and improvement of local breeds (2) nucleus structure, and (3) gene migration (crossbreeding)