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On the usefulness of using parallel texts in diachronic investigations. Insights from a parallel corpus of Spanish medieval Bible translations
Get PDFThis paper addresses a number of methodological, theoretical and practical problems related to corpus-based research in language variation. I show through a number of case studies using data from Biblia medieval (a parallel corpus of Old Spanish Bible translations) how this kind of research can profit from parallel texts. To begin with, the perspective afforded by parallel corpus methodology is more open as it is possible to analyze all the forms used to express contents in the source language. Likewise, parallel texts offer direct comparability of concrete examples across different historical peri- ods, as translation equivalents are likely to be inserted in the same or very similar syntactic, semantic and pragmatic contexts of occurrence. Finally, in a parallel corpus it is possible to analyze stylistic variation in a more controlled manner by examining how the same translator selects different linguistic options depending on the genre of each text
Kleine Korpora, große Korpora und Textsammlungen. Versuch einer korpustypologischen Zusammenschau
Get PDFWie zahlreiche Untersuchungen zeigen, bedienen sich die Sprachwissenschaftler bei ihrer Forschung sprachlicher Daten, die aus unterschiedlichsten Quellen stammen. Die Tatsache hat mich zu dem Thema dieses Beitrags geführt und drängte die folgende Frage in den Mittelpunkt: Mit welcher Materialsammlung sollte ein Sprachwissenschaftler arbeiten, damit er bei seiner Fragestellung zu interessanten, für seine Forschung nützlichen und vor allem repräsentativen Ergebnissen kommt
Zur Rolle von Kleinkorpora in der linguistischen Forschung
Get PDFKleine Textkorpora spielen in der gegenwärtigen linguistischen Forschung eine nicht zu übersehende Rolle. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird der Frage nachgegangen, welchen Beitrag kleine Textkorpora neben den großen Korpora leisten können und für welchen Forschungszweck solche Textsammlungen geeignet sind. In diesem Zusammenhang werden einige Probleme und Defizite in Hinsicht auf die Vertretung der einzelnen Kommunikationsbereiche und Textsorten in den bereits bestehenden großen Korpora erwähnt und somit die Erstellung von Kleinkorpora gerechtfertigt. Im Anschluss daran werden verschiedene Kriterien behandelt, die bei der Erstellung von Kleinkorpora in Betracht zu ziehen sind. Als Beispiel wird ein Kleinkorpus mit Wirtschaftstexten herangezogen und seine Struktur charakterisiert. Das Augenmerk wird ebenfalls auf die Bearbeitung von Primär- und Metadaten gerichtet. Im letzten Teil des Beitrags werden einige Ergebnisse der Analyse des kleinen Wirtschaftskorpus auf ihre Gültigkeit überprüft. Auf diese Weise wird die Relevanz von Kleinkorpora in der linguistischen Forschung hinterfragt
The Historical Luxembourgish Bilingual Database of Public Notices
Get PDFBilingual parallel corpora are increasingly recognised as solid bases for contrastive linguistics, both from a synchronic and diachronic perspective. The Historical Luxembourgish Bilingual Database of Public Notices is a diachronic single-genre corpus, comprising French-German parallel texts from the years 1795 to 1920. This paper gives an overview of the text-corpus, specifying the features of the genre ‘public notices, and explaining the criteria for text selection. Building on that, the paper details the compila tion and presentation of text and image data stored in the corpus. Finally, we describe the technical tools for indexing, searching and managing the text and image dat
Formulaicity in Scots historical corpora and the lexical bundles method
Get PDFThis paper draws attention to the newly available corpus resources for the study of Older Scots, and to the application of the lexical bundles method (Biber et al. 1999) in historical specialized discourse. The discussion concentrates on the method adopted from present-day corpus research, which illuminates historical questions which have so far proved unanswerable, e.g. which multi-word elements in text are stable and repetitive. I applied lexical bundles to legal and administrative texts written in Scots, to observe the degree of formulaicity in early specialized discourse. The results of the study show that the Scottish documents contain highly formulaic long lexical bundles (8-grams and 7-grams) when juxtaposed with other specialized discourse texts, such as the Bible. Similarly, shorter bundles helped to identify the impressive degree of formulaicity in comparison to speechbased legal genres, such as trials and depositions (Culpeper/Kytö 2010)
The genitive alternation in German
Get PDFThe genitive case in German is predominantly used to form noun modifiers (die Sehenswürdigkeiten [Hamburgs] ‘the sights of Hamburg’). Such genitive modifiers occur in a variety of different registers in German, and they have been claimed to be especially characteristic of non-proximal, written language. In many instances, they are interchangeable with diachronically younger prepositional phrases headed by von, with no noticeable impact on interpretation, thus giving rise to a genuine syntactic alternation phenomenon. There is an ongoing debate in the literature as to the distribution and function of these constructions. Based on corpus data from newspapers and internet discussion forums (approximately 15,000 noun phrases), we discuss semantic and syntactic conditions that limit the scope of this alternation. We then use a mixed-effects logistic regression model to examine a number of intra- and extralinguistic factors that bear on the choice of one construction over the other. We find that von-modifiers are used much less frequently than genitive modifiers overall, but there are grammatical niches in which they seem to thrive and, perhaps, even spread
Libraries as data infrastructures
Get PDFThe CLARIN and DARIAH European research infrastructures have a long history of collaboration and cooperation. One recent joint initiative has been to strengthen and deepen collaboration with national and major research libraries, with a particular focus on ways to facilitate the wider use of the extensive and culturally important digital datasets curated by libraries as research data. In order to further this goal, a series of workshops has beeninitiated, and a Conference of European National Librarians (CENL) Dialogue Forum has been established. Ongoing collaborative work includes a survey of existing collaborations between libraries and research infrastructures, an investigation of the potential for the creation of unique language models from digital library collections and an exploration of emerging initiatives such as the common European Data Space for Cultural Heritage
Investigating interaction signs across genres, modes and languages: The example of OKAY
Get PDFThis paper presents results of a case study that compared the usage of OKAY across genre types (Wikipedia articles vs. talk pages), across modes (spoken vs. written language), and across languages (German vs. French CMC data from Wikipedia talkpages).The cross-genre study builds on the results of Herzberg (2016), who compared the usage of OKAY in German Wikipedia articles with its usage in Wikipedia talk pages. These results also form the basis for comparing the CMC genre of Wikipedia talk pages with occurrences of OKAY in the German spoken language corpus FOLK. Finally, we compared the results on the usage of OKAY in German Wikipedia talk pages with the usage of OKAY in French Wikipedia talk pages. With our case study, we want to demonstrate that it is worthwhile to investigate interaction signs across genres and languages,and to compare the usage in written CMC with the usage in spoken interaction
Silence after narratives by patients in psychodynamic psychotherapy: a conversation analytic study
Get PDFIn psychotherapy, verbal communication is central to the therapeutic process. However, when patients remain silent, it can serve various functions, such as reflecting more deeply or hesitating to elaborate on a topic. This article uses conversation analysis to examine a specific context in which silence occurs: After a patient has concluded his/her narrative, both the therapist and the patient resist the turn allocation by the respective other, resulting in mutual silence. The results indicate that both therapists and patients collaboratively generate this silence. Therapists typically end the silence with an intervention, addressing an aspect of the topic and treating the pause as intra-topic silence. The study is based on approximately 29 h of video recordings of German-speaking outpatient psychodynamic psychotherapy sessions. This research highlights the importance of therapists recognizing the different forms of silence that may emerge during psychotherapy
Do chatbots dream of copyright? Copyright in AI-generated language data
Get PDFFor language scientists, a prima facie advantage of AI-generated data over human-created content is that AI outputs are generally regarded as free from copyright. This submission addresses this issue in some detail