Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg
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Formelsammlung Wirtschaftsmathematik: Wissen kompakt für Studierende und Praktiker
No full textDiese etablierte Formelsammlung enthält und erklärt mathematische Formeln innerhalb ökonomischer Zusammenhänge, wie sie in den Wirtschaftswissenschaften und in der wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Praxis unbedingt notwendig sind. Das Verständnis der Formeln und deren praktische Anwendung werden durch nützliche Hilfen und erklärliche Beispiele sinnvoll unterstützt, so dass der Kontext wirtschaftsmathematischer Formeln klar und verständlich dargestellt wird. Diese Formelsammlung ist ein unverzichtbares Tool für Studierende der Wirtschaftswissenschaften, aber auch ein nützliches Nachschlagewerk für Verantwortliche aus Wirtschaft, Politik und Lehre
Pre-Processing Measurement Data for Computing Internal DC Resistance with Anomaly Detection Techniques
No full textInvestigating Temperature Variations in AC Impedance with an Indigenously Developed EIS Test-Bed
No full textMacrophage-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines augment the cytotoxicity of cytokine-induced killer cells by strengthening the NKG2D pathway in multiple myeloma
Get PDFMultiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal hematologic malignancy characterized by low rate of complete remissions. Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy has shown promising benefits in MM treatment. In this study, we investigated whether the pro-inflammatory cytokines secreted by macrophages could upregulate MICA/B expression and thus the cytotoxicity of CIK cells. Flow cytometry was used for phenotypic measurement and the cytotoxicity assay of CIK cells. Soluble MICA/B and macrophage-derived cytokines were measured using ELISA assay. CCK-8 assay was applied to evaluate cell viabilities. Gene expression levels were investigated using RT-qPCR. The expression of MICA/B and PD-L1 in MM cells was upregulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Pro-inflammatory cytokines enhanced the cytotoxicity of CIK cells against MM cells, with TNF-α exhibiting a more potent effect than IL-1β and IL-6 as it strengthened both components of the NKG2D-MICA/B axis. PD-L1 blockade promoted the cytotoxic ability of CIK cells. Mechanistically, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α enhanced the transcription of MICA/B and PD-L1 genes via the PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT3, and MKK/p38 MAPK pathways. Pro-inflammatory cytokines upregulated the expression of MICA/B and PD-L1, thereby promoting the cytotoxicity of CIK cells against MM by strengthening the NKG2D pathway, while PD-L1 blockade enhanced the cytotoxicity of CIK cells
ChatGPT as Economics Tutor: Capabilities and Limitations
No full textSince the public release of ChatGPT in late 2022, the role of Generative AI chatbots in education has been widely debated. While some see their potential as automated tutors, others worry that inaccuracies and hallucinations could harm student learning. This study assesses ChatGPT models (GPT-3.5, GPT-4o, and o1preview) across important dimensions of student learning by evaluating their capabilities and limitations to serve as a non-interactive, automated tutor. In particular, we analyse performance in two tasks commonly used in principles of economics courses: explaining economic concepts and answering multiple-choice questions. Our findings indicate that newer models generate very accurate responses, although some inaccuracies persist. A key concern is that ChatGPT presents all responses with full confidence, making errors difficult for students to recognize. Furthermore, explanations are often quite narrow, lacking holistic perspectives, and the quality of examples remains poor. Despite these limitations, we argue that ChatGPT can serve as an effective automated tutor for basic, knowledge-based questions—supporting students while posing a relatively low risk of misinformation. Educators can hence recommend Generative AI chatbots for student learning, but should teach students the limitations of the technology
Determinants of institutional change towards a sustainable energy transition in Ghana: A political economy analysis of solar photovoltaics
Get PDFThe transition to sustainable energy systems does not only entail changes to existing technologies or infrastructure. It also involves significant changes in a country's institutional frameworks that are rarely examined. Anchored in institutional analysis, this paper analyses the political economy factors influencing institutional change towards a sustainable energy transition in Ghana, with a particular focus on solar photovoltaics (PVs). The findings indicate that even though progress has been slow moving and incremental, the process of institutional change is cumulative and constitutes a fundamental third-order change. Institutional legacies within the energy sector present strong but not prohibitive barriers to renewable energy adoption. Initially, the relatively homogenous nature of preferences among key actors facilitated the introduction of solar PV. However, conflicting interests among policymakers, who simultaneously support solar PVs and fossil-fuel agendas emerged during a later phase and undermined progress. The declining cost of solar PV systems over time has, nonetheless, provided new momentum for change. Environmental conditions or shocks exogeneous to the reform domain have had mixed effects on Solar PV adoption. While Ghana's numerous power crisis exposed the inadequacies of hydro and thermal sources and created an opportunity for solar PVs, the discovery of oil and gas resources in 2007 significantly slowed change. Although international concerns about climate change and sustainable development have provided some momentum for policy change, perceived injustices in international relations between countries in the Global South and those in the Global North tend to slow the transition process down
Maschinen und Atmosphären: Zur Ästhetik des Virtuellen bei E.T.A. Hoffmann
No full textIn welchem Zusammenhang steht ›das Virtuelle‹ mit Poetiken, die in der Romantik konturiert wurden? Andreas Sieß zeigt, dass sich die ästhetischen Vorstellungen dessen, was ›das Virtuelle‹ ist, nicht nur bereits um 1800 konsolidierten, sondern dass die (bild-)ästhetischen Maßstäbe, die heute grundlegend für moderne Anwendungen der Virtual Reality sind, bereits damals Gegenstand von Aushandlungen waren. Anhand der Begriffe ›Maschine‹ und ›Atmosphäre‹ verhandelt er zwei gegenläufige Stoßrichtungen des Virtuellen, deren dialektisches Spiel eine neue Perspektive auf Fragestellungen zu der Gestaltung von gegenwärtigen virtuellen Medien anbietet
