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Presentation Attack Detection Using Time-of-Flight-Based rPPG and Depth Features
No full textWith the rising importance of biometric authentication in numerous security applications it is critical to implement Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) techniques to protect against counterfeit biometrics. We evaluate a PAD-approach that uses 3D Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras to perform heart rate measurements based on remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) for PAD. Compared to Red-Green-Blue (RGB)-camera based approaches, ToF technology provides advantages, including integration of 3D depth information, insensitivity to electronic displays and independence from ambient light and robustness against its influence. We introduce a Spectral pulse Peak prominence Ratio (SPR) and motion based metric and evaluate their applicability to PAD and present first promising results
Overviews of Digital Collaboration Tools and Data Storage Options
No full textThe tool landscape at universities and research institutions is ever changing. As a result, researchers and students often struggle to keep track of the tools offered. Especially as a new university member or PhD student, finding the right tool is time-consuming and complex. The templates for overviews of collaboration tools and storage options described in this work provide an easy comparison of tools while also giving a short introduction to the different tool types. The templates are licensed under CC BY and can be adapted to the offers of other universities and research institutions
Ergonomics/human factors and the future of work: A global systems perspective
No full textIn a webinar series hosted by the International Ergonomics Association, the Future of Work Committee of the International Ergonomics Association gathered inputs about the future of work from ergonomics/human factors (E/HF) experts representing different regions around the world. Through these insights, four global megatrends relevant to E/HF driving the future of work were identified: labour-market supply; work informality; technology; and climate change. Next, we applied an E/HF systems approach, using causal loop diagrams, to explore the unfolding interrelationships between these megatrends at a global level and with a national level example to determine what novel insights can be uncovered using systems analysis. We demonstrate the power of E/HF systems thinking that can enable national E/HF societies and regional think-tanks to move beyond a siloed approach to megatrends. We conclude with some high-level suggestions for E/HF to consider in order to meet the future of work challenges
Multidimensional Gender Equality in Rwanda
No full textNach welchen Maßstäben lässt sich Geschlechtergerechtigkeit vor den Hintergründen gesellschaftlicher und historischer Bedingungen eines Landes bewerten? Irene Pimminger bietet mit ihrer Theorie der mehrdimensionalen Geschlechtergerechtigkeit einen Ansatz, dies auf einer strukturellen, symbolischen und subjektbezogenen Ebene zu diskutieren. Dabei werden insbesondere die geschlechtliche Arbeitsteilung in Reproduktions- und Erwerbsarbeit sowie politische Partizipation als zentrale Indikatoren verstanden. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, inwiefern dieser Ansatz auf Ruanda, ein Land des Globalen Südens mit einer komplexen Historie, übertragbar ist. Die zentrale Forschungsfrage lautet: Welchen Beitrag kann der mehrdimensionale Geschlechtergerechtigkeitsansatz leisten, um die Situation von Frauen in Ruandas Politik und Care-Arbeit seit dem Genozid von 1994 zu erklären?
Nach einer Einführung in Problemstellung und Forschungsstand wird der Bezug zu dem gewählten Theorieansatz hergestellt, anhand dessen forschungsleitende Fragen abgleitet werden. Durch die methodische Vorgehensweise der systematischen Literaturrecherche werden die drei Ebenen des Theorieansatzes Pimmingers anhand vorhandener Daten und Literatur aufgearbeitet und kritisch diskutiert. Ergänzend erfolgt eine Diskussion zur möglichen Erweiterung des Ansatzes durch den Capability-Approach.
Die Analyse zeigt, dass die Anwendung des mehrdimensionalen Geschlechtergerechtigkeitsansatzes erhebliche Ungleichheiten in der ruandischen Gesellschaft aufdeckt und deren Verbindungen in allen drei Dimensionen sichtbar macht. Allerdings bleibt der Ansatz hinsichtlich kultureller und historischer Spezifika des Landes sowie intersektionaler Diskriminierungen, etwa zwischen Frauen in ländlichen und städtischen Kontexten, begrenzt. Der Capability-Approach bietet hier Potenzial, um die Theorie zu erweitern und kontextsensitiver anzuwenden.What criteria can be used to assess gender equality against the background of a country's societal and historical conditions? With her theory of multidimensional gender equality, Irene Pimminger offers an approach to discuss gender equality on a structural, symbolic, and subjective level. The division of labor between the sexes in reproductive and gainful employment, as well as political participation are understood as key indicators. This thesis examines the extent to which this approach can be applied to Rwanda, a country in the Global South with a complex history. The central research question is: How can the multidimensional gender equality approach contribute to explaining the situation of women in Rwandan politics and care work since the 1994 genocide?
After an introduction to the issue and the state of research, the connection to the chosen theoretical approach is established, on which the research-guiding questions are based. Using the methodological approach of systematic literature research, the three levels of Piminger's theoretical approach are examined and critically discussed on the basis of existing data and literature. Followed by a discussion of the possible extension of the theory through the Capability Approach.
The analysis shows that applying the multidimensional gender equality approach reveals significant inequalities in Rwandan society and highlights their connections in all three dimensions. However, the approach remains limited in terms of the country's cultural and historical specifics, as well as intersectional discrimination, for example, between women in rural and urban contexts. The capability approach offers potential for expanding the theory and applying it in a more context-sensitive manner
