Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg
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Plant-based bioactive compounds for substitution of petrol-based stabilisers in packaging materials
No full textPeren Teoremi: İçinde Yaşadığımız Matematiksel Çerçeve
No full textİnsanlar yeryüzünün doğal kaynaklarını onun bunları yenileyebileceğinden daha hızlı tüketmektedirler. İnsanların bu tutumlarının bedelini gelecek kuşaklar ödeyeceklerdir. Gelecek kuşaklara bu bedeli ödetmemek için artık parasal kârları ençoklamak, niceliksel olarak büyümek ve bolluk yaratmak doğrultusunda işleyen şimdiki ekonomik faaliyetleri bir başka biçime dönüştürmek kaçınılmazdır. Peren Teoremi göstermektedir ki Dünya örneğinde de olduğu gibi kapalı bir sistem doğal kaynak tüketimi eş düzeyde bir doğal kaynak üretimi ile yaşayabilir. Üretim ile tüketim arasındaki denge çok uzun bir süre bozulursa gezegen doğal bir ölüm ile karşılaşır. Bunu sağlamak üzere Dünya üzerinde yaşayan ve/veya dünya sayesinde yaşayan tüm insanların kişi başına doğal kaynak tüketimlerini artan küresel nüfusla orantılı bir biçimde azaltmak gerekir.Humans consume the natural resources of the earth faster than the earth is able to regenerate them. Mankind on the whole lives above its means and often at the expense of future generations. Current economic activity with the aim of maximizing monetary profits and generating quantitative growth and prosperity cannot be continued. The Peren Theorem demonstrates that the consumption of natural resources within a closed system, as represented by the earth, is only possible if their consumption is able to naturally regenerate. If this balance is disturbed for too long a period, then this results in the natural death of the planet. With an increasing global population the per capita consumption of natural resources of all humans living on or from the earth must be proportionately reduced
Alleine Bowling spielen?: Zur Aktualität der Gedanken von Robert O. Putnam in Zeiten des Social Distancing
No full textWomöglich ist das social distancing dieser Tage gar kein soziales sondern einfach nur ein körperliches, ein body distancing. Sozial können wir heute auch sein, ohne uns physisch zu begegnen. Wir können sogar "gemeinsam einsam" musizieren oder im Chor singen. Trotzdem geht etwas verloren - und am Ende wissen wir Zusammenkünfte in Vereinen welcher Art auch immer vielleicht wieder besonders zu schätzen
A process for start-ups growth through expansion into emerging markets
No full textOne of the biggest challenges faced by many tech start-ups from developed markets is to have validated market-fit products/services and to see their solutions implemented. In several sectors, stringent regulations, and the law of handicap of head start at home can be hurdles that limit the development and even the survival potential of theses start-ups. Tech start-ups seeking implementation, learning, and legitimacy may have a solution in expanding into emerging markets. Emerging markets offer both business opportunities in sectors in need of new technologies as they are “fertile grounds” for developing and testing internationalisation business models. We present here a process designed to help tech start-ups to identify, access, shape and seize these opportunities and to overcome their own specificities and emerging markets specificities. The three phases of the proposed process cover entry node concept, partnership, and business, operating and revenue joint models’ development. DesignScience Research Paradigm is used for the design and evaluation of the process. To show the relevance of this process, a case study on the expansion in Morocco of a Dutch start-up active in e-health is used. The study shows the importance of the process for the embeddedness in a local relevant value network with a relevant adopter’s system, a key enabler to achieve time and cost-effective expansion in that specific business and institutional contexts. A pilot to assess the proposed models and evidence of benefits is under development. To boost their chances of growth tech start-ups from developed markets should consider expansion into emerging markets in their strategy. It would be beneficial that policy makers adopt a strategy by which to assist tech start-ups in accessing value networks in emerging markets. It is also important for policy makers from emerging markets to consider developing schemes to attract tech start-ups from developed markets
Developing the Circular Economy in Uganda: Prospects for Academia-Public-Private-Partnerships
No full textIssues: Circular economy is a production system that optimizes the reusability of by-products/waste as raw materials. As the global population threatens to reach 9 billion by 2050, consumption levels grow proportionally, raising food, material, and energy demands. In Uganda, soil nutrient depletion and energy poverty are key challenges faced by urban and rural communities. Rampart depletion of natural resources calls for transit from the linear economic models towards sustainable production/consumption technologies. This study investigated prospects for APPP to optimize the reusability of by-products/waste as raw materials. Approach: Quantitative and qualitative tools were used to collect data via document analysis, interviews, and participant observations. The tools were administered to municipal authorities, private waste-collecting agencies in cities and municipalities; officials in Ministries of energy and Agriculture; officials in universities research units and entrepreneurs that deal in agricultural and energy products; officials from civil society organizations. Findings: there are a number of sustainability projects being undertaken by Universities and High schools, Government agencies, companies, and civil society organization isolation. Singlehandedly, individual agencies lack the requisite capacity to develop closed-loop production/consumption models. Analysis of a few successful RRR projects suggests that APPP is positioned to promote CE. Transiting towards a circular economy requires joint ventures to optimize human, technological, and financial resources and develop policy and institutional frameworks. In Uganda, recycling biotic by-products can promote environmental sustainability; reduce stress on natural resources; enable cost savings; promote green entrepreneurship, and create jobs/livelihoods. Conclusion: working jointly, CE could be enhanced via technical and business models by the academia, private capital investment by companies, community engagement by CSOs, and development of supportive policy and institutional frameworks to facilitate decision-making processes. The APPPs are positioned to use interactive platforms for creating awareness and promote sensitization about green values through education and multimedia communication platforms
Market potential for eco-mountain bike tourism in Kenya
No full textKenya as a touristic destination is well known as an exotic country offering many different landscapes as well as the diversity of wildlife; this is typical for several African countries. To ensure a sustainable tourism development, different forms of tourism have to be considered. One of these forms could be eco-mountain bike cycling tours, as these tours are gaining in popularity, for example in Germany. The aim of this study was to obtain results regarding the market potential for mountain bike eco-tourism in Kenya. The up-and-coming tourism branch of mountain biking was examined in connection with the increasing demand for long-distance travel. The results of this study showed that mountain biking in exotic countries like Kenya has market potential in principle. However, it was also found that mountain biking alone is not a sufficient pull factor for tourists. The combination with other activities turned out to be promising. It was found that tourist packages that include mountain biking as an activity are perceived as attractive. Moreover, it was obtained that not only tourists who ride a mountain bike regularly are addressed as a target group. Even "regular" tourists find mountain biking an attractive (touristic) activity, especially in combination with game drives. Experts also assess the market potential for eco-mountain bike tourism as positive and find existing routes and accommodation attractive. The findings are giving indications for the possibilities to develop eco-mountain bike tourism as a touristic alternative and addition to existing touristic products
Information flows to support software developers in using security APIs
No full textAt the end of 2019, about 4.1 billion people on earth were using the internet. Because people entrust their most intimate and private data to their devices, the European legislation has declared the protection of natural persons in relation to the processing of personal data as a fundamental right. In 2018 23 million people worldwide, having the responsibility of implementing data security and privacy, were developing software. However, the implementation of data and application security is a challenge, as evidenced by over 41 thousand documented security incidents in 2019. Probably the most basic, powerful, and frequently used tools software developers work with are Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). Security APIs are essential tools to bring data and application security into software products. However, research results have revealed that usability problems of security APIs lead to insecure API use during development. Basic security requirements such as securely stored passwords, encrypted files or secure network connections can become an error-prone challenge and in consequence lead to unreliable or missing security and privacy. Because software developers hold a key position in the development processes of software, not properly operating security tools pose a risk to all people using software. However, little is known about the requirements of developers to address the problem and improve the usability of security APIs. This thesis is one of the first to examine the usability of security APIs. To this end, the author examines to what extent information flows can support software developers in using security APIs to implement secure software by conducting empirical studies with software developers. This thesis has contributed fundamental results that can be used in future work to identify and improve important information flows in software development. The studies have clearly shown that developer-tailored information flows with adapted security-relevant content have a positive influence on the correct implementation of security. However, the results have also led to the conclusion that API producers need to pay special attention to the channels through which they direct information flows to API users and how the information is designed to be useful for them. In many cases, it is not enough to provide security-relevant information via the documentation only. Here, proactive methods like the API security advice proposed by this thesis achieve significantly better results in terms of findability and actionable support. To further increase the effectiveness of the API security advice, this thesis developed a cryptographic API warning design for the terminal by adopting a participatory design approach with experienced software developers. However, it also became clear that a single information flow can only support up to a certain extent. As observed from two studies conducted in complex API environments in web development, multiple complementary information flows have to meet the extensive information needs of developers to be able to develop secure software. Some evaluated new approaches provided promising insights towards more API consumer-focused documentation designs as a complement to API warnings.Ende 2019 nutzten rund 4,1 Milliarden Menschen auf der Erde das Internet. Da die Menschen ihre intimsten und privatesten Daten ihren Geräten anvertrauen, hat die europäische Gesetzgebung den Schutz natürlicher Personen bei der Verarbeitung personenbezogener Daten zu einem Grundrecht erklärt. Im Jahr 2018 haben weltweit 23 Millionen Menschen Software entwickelt. Diese tragen die Verantwortung, die Datensicherheit und den Datenschutz zu gewährleisten. Die Umsetzung von Daten- und Anwendungssicherheit ist allerdings eine Herausforderung, wie über 41 Tausend dokumentierte Sicherheitsvorfälle im Jahr 2019 belegen. Die wohl grundlegendsten, leistungsfähigsten und am häufigsten verwendeten Werkzeuge, mit denen Software-Entwickler arbeiten, sind Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). Security-APIs sind elementare Werkzeuge, um Daten- und Anwendungssicherheit in Softwareprodukte zu integrieren. Forschungsergebnisse haben jedoch gezeigt, dass Usability Probleme von Security-APIs zu einer unsicheren Nutzung bei der Entwicklung führen. Grundlegende Sicherheitsanforderungen, wie sicher gespeicherte Passwörter, verschlüsselte Dateien oder sichere Netzwerkverbindungen, können dadurch zu einer fehleranfälligen Herausforderung werden und in der Konsequenz zu unzuverlässiger oder fehlender Sicherheit und Privatsphäre führen. Da Softwareentwickler eine Schlüsselrolle in den Entwicklungsprozessen von Software spielen, stellen nicht ordnungsgemäß funktionierende Sicherheitswerkzeuge ein Risiko für alle Personen dar, die Software verwenden. Es ist jedoch nur wenig über die existierenden Anforderungen von Entwicklern bekannt, um dieses Problem anzugehen und die Nutzbarkeit von Security-APIs zu verbessern. Diese Arbeit ist eine der ersten, die zu der Gebrauchstauglichkeit von Security-APIs forscht. Zu diesem Zweck untersucht der Autor, inwieweit Informationsflüsse Softwareentwickler bei der Nutzung von Security-APIs zur Implementierung sicherer Software unterstützen können, indem er empirische Studien mit Softwareentwicklern durchführt. Diese Thesis hat grundlegende Ergebnisse erbracht, die in zukünftigen Arbeiten zur Identifizierung und Verbesserung wichtiger Informationsflüsse in der Softwareentwicklung genutzt werden können. Die Studien haben deutlich gezeigt, dass auf den Entwickler zugeschnittene Informationsflüsse mit abgestimmten sicherheitsrelevanten Inhalten einen positiven Einfluss auf die korrekte Implementierung von Sicherheit haben. Die Ergebnisse haben jedoch auch zu der Schlussfolgerung geführt, dass API-Produzenten besonders darauf achten müssen, über welche Kanäle sie Informationsflüsse zu API-Benutzern leiten und wie die Informationen gestaltet sein müssen, damit sie für die Zielgruppe gebrauchstauglich sind. In vielen Fällen reicht es nicht aus, sicherheitsrelevante Informationen nur über die Dokumentation zur Verfügung zu stellen. Hier erzielen pro-aktive Methoden, wie die in dieser Arbeit vorgeschlagenen API-Sicherheitsempfehlungen, deutlich bessere Ergebnisse in Bezug auf die Auffindbarkeit und eine direkt anwendbare Unterstützung. Um die Wirksamkeit von API-Sicherheitsempfehlungen weiter zu verbessern, wurde in dieser Arbeit ein Design für kryptographische API-Warnungen in der Konsole entwickelt. Dazu wurde ein partizipativer Designansatz mit erfahrenen Softwareentwicklern gewählt. Es wurde jedoch auch deutlich, dass ein einzelner Informationsfluss nur bis zu einem gewissen Grad Unterstützung leisten kann. In zwei Studien, die in komplexen API-Umgebungen für die Webentwicklung durchgeführt wurden, konnte beobachtet werden, dass mehrere sich ergänzende Informationsflüsse den umfangreichen Informationsbedarf der Entwickler decken müssen, damit diese in die Lage versetzt werden, sichere Software zu entwickeln. Ergänzend zu API-Warnungen, lieferten einige der neuen evaluierten Ansätze vielversprechende Erkenntnisse über mehr benutzerorientierte API Dokumentationsdesigns
Sustainable Travel Decision-Making of Europeans: Insights from a Household Survey
No full textThe purpose of this study is to research the antecedents of the sustainable travel decision-making of European travelers and thereby identify important lessons for the transition towards sustainable travel and tourism. The study is based on data collected through a representative survey, conducted in five European countries, with a sample of n = 5024 respondents. The results of descriptive statistics, EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis) and FA (Factor Analysis) are presented in order to explore sustainable travel decision-making through environmental (policy-related and personal) attitudes and travel mode decision priorities in the European context. Furthermore, the study provides new evidence regarding the under-researched phenomenon of the attitude–behavior gap by presenting a model for the sustainability-oriented decision-making of travelers, including attitudes and travel mode priorities as antecedents. The results confirm the existence of moral licensing in travel decision-making, thereby extending the relevance of this theory into travel and tourism, which has not been done before. The denial of environmental issues is also being researched as regards its interaction with positive environmental attitudes, environmental travel mode priorities and non-environmental travel priorities, thereby advancing our understanding of the interplay between these categories. The interplay between the four categories furthers our understanding of the perplexity of travelers in terms of sustainable travel decision-making