Jurnal ILMU DASAR
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Antibacterial Potency from Ethanol Extract Leaves of Kluwih (Artocarpus camansi Blanco) against Shigella dysenteriae and Bacillus subtilis
Get PDFGastrointestinal infection is a common infection in Indonesia. Many bacteria could cause gastrointestinal disorder, including Shigella dysenteriae and Bacillus subtilis. Currently, they are treated using chemical and traditional drugs. One of the common pants in Indonesia is Kluwih (Artocarpus camansi). The objective our study to determine antibacterial activity and inhibitory mechanism of Kluwih leaf extract against pathogenic bacteria which cause gastrointestinal infection, i.e. Shigella dysenteriae and Bacillus subtilis. The extraction process used maceration technique using 96% ethanol solvent and the antibacterial activity was studied using agar diffusion method. The research result showed that Kluwih leaf extract had inhibitory power with KHM (minimum inhibitory concentration) value of 25% against S. dysenteriae and 6.25% against B. subtilis. The present study also revealed that Kluwih leaf was suspected to have inhibitory activity against bacteria by making holes in the membrane of bacterial cell, leading to the release of nucleic acid and protein and cell death.Keywords: antibacterial, Artocarpus camansi, kluwih, Shigella dysenteriae, Bacillus subtilis
The Polymorphic Gene of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) of Phytoene Synthase (PSY) to Characterize Carotenoids Yellow Root Cassava
Get PDFCassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) is a carbohydrate sources containing a limited amount of micronutrients, but some genotypes contain β-carotene as the precursor of vitamin A in the storage roots and leaves. Improvement of β-caroteneand minerals such as Fe / Zn content of cassava’s nutrition is mostly through by biofortification program. The storage root of β-carotene recognized by a yellow or yellowish color while the apical shoots with red to purplish. β-carotenein carotenoid biosynthetic pathway is an expression of the phytoene synthase (PSY) gene. The MePSY2 gene, one of the three MePSY family is the key gene to characterize carotenoids related gene in cassava. In this study, sequencing of the two cassava fulllenght PSY genomic DNA was carried out in conserved areas in the PSY gene region (PSY1 and PSY2) from the DNA of the cassava leaves. Adira1, Carvita25 and Ubi Kuning are yellow root storage genotypes (K1, K2 and K3) while Adira4 and Menti are white root storage genotypes (P1 and P2). Carvita25 is induced somaclonal variant of the Adira4 genotype. Contiq and consensus of nucleotide base sequences from the five cassava genotypes and CM3306-4 cultivars (acc GU111715.1) as references were analysed using the lasergene DNASTAR sequence analysis program. The results of the alignment of the base sequence constituent of the MePSY2 gene showed that the PSY2 gene with amplified genome length was 2,380 base pairs (bp) consisting of 1,140 bp exon region and 1,240 bp intron region. In the conserved coding region, there was a difference of one nucleotide base, that is, base C in two white tuber cassava genotypes replaced with A in three yellow tuber cassava genotypes in the 1.485 base (C1.485A). The SNP converts the amino acid (aa) alanine (A) to aspartic acid (D) at the 191th (A191D). Single Nucleotide polymorphism in conserved coding region can be used further as carotenoid marker for plant breeding of yellow root cassava. Keywords: β carotene, PSY gene, polymorphic gene SNP, yellow root cassava
Saxena-Easo Fuzzy Time Series on Indonesia’s Inflation Rate Forecasting
Get PDFSaxena-Easo Fuzzy Time Series (FTS) is a softcomputing method for forecasting using fuzzy concept. It doesn’t need any assumption like conventional forecasting method. Generally it’s focused on three important steps like percentage change as the universe of discourse, interval partition, and defuzzification. In this research, this method is applied to Indonesia’s inflation rate data. The aim of this research is to forecast Indonesia’s inflation rate in 2017 by using input from Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) process, Saxena-Easo FTS, and actual data from 1970-2016. ARIMA is focused on four steps like identifying, parameter estimation, diagnostic checking, and forecasting. The result for Indonesia’s inflation rate forecasting in 2017 is about 5.9182 using Saxena-Easo FTS. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is also computed to compare the accuracy rate from each method between Saxena-Easo FTS and ARIMA. RMSE from Saxena-Easo FTS is about 0.9743 while ARIMA is about 6.3046. Keywords: saxena-easo fuzzy time series, ARIMA, inflation rate, RMSE
Experimental Study of TiO2 Nanoparticles Fabrication by Sol-gel and Co-precipitation Methods for TiO2/SnO2 Composite Thin Film as Photoanode
Get PDFSol-gel and coprecipitation methods successfully prepared titanium dioxide (TiO2) powders with anatase structure. The TiO2 powders are then used to fabricate pure TiO2 thin-film or mixed with SnO2 powders for the TiO2/SnO2 composite thin film. Furthermore, the structural, morphological, as well as the optical properties of films were also investigated. The results showed that the synthesized thin-film of TiO2 powders by sol-gel method obtained better crystallinity and microstructure compared to the synthesized thin film by co-precipitation method. In the DSSC system, these features are needed to increase the electron mobility that responsibility for transport and recombination of photoexcited electrons. SEM images exhibited the smooth surface and uniform in particle size obtained by the addition of SnO2 powders in composite films. The composite thin film also indicated a higher transmittance value. Keywords: sol-gel,co-precipitation,anatase, composite
Synthesis of Nanosilica from Padas Stone to Reduce The Total Organic Carbon of Palm Oil Waste
Get PDFPadas stone is one of the natural mineral containing 67.5% of SiO2 compounds. In this research, synthesis of nanosilica was carried out by sol-gel method asistanced by 2.45 GHz microwave radiations with low (10%), medium (50%) and high (100%) power at 30 and 60 minutes of contact times. It was analyzed by XRD, BET, FTIR spectrophotometry and SEM. The synthesized silica was then used as absorbent for total organic carbon (TOC) of palm oil waste. The results show that the synthesized silica was a mixture of cristobalite and quartz type minerals according to ICDD No. 00-003-0271 and 01-083-287. The surface area and silicon dioxide contains are 12.174 m2/g and 76.325% for silica without microwave assistance (SiO2-TPMW); 12.796 m2/gand 86.385% for silica with 30 minutes on 10% microwave assistance(SiO2 -MW 10A); 12.735 m2/gand 86.254% for silica with 60 minutes on 10% microwave assistance (MW 10B); 13,659 m2/gand 87.211% for MW 50A; 13,583 m2/g and 86.684% for MW 50B;7.883 m2/gand 57.527% for MW 100A; also 8.752 m2/g and 37.725% for MW 100B, respectively. The use of silica as an absorbent of TOC shows the effectiveness of 62.89% (TPMW); 63.68% (MW 10A); 62.96% (MW 10B); 65.25% (MW 50A); 64.61% (MW 50B); 62.37% (MW 100A) and 61.18% (MW 100B) from the initial TOC of 1520 mg/L. Keywords: synthesis, nanosilica, padas stone, total organic carbon, oil waste
Catalytic Conversion From Plastic Waste by Silica-Alumina-Ceramic Catalyst to Produce an Alternative Fuel Hydrocarbon Fraction
Get PDFLiquid fuels from polypropylene plastic waste have been successfully performed by catalytic cracking method. The catalyst used is Al-MCM-41- Ceramics. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, Pyridine-FTIR, N2-Adsorption-Desorption, and the product of catalytic cracking were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The catalyst was using three times at sample notify A,B and C. The results showed liquid fuels have the largest percentage of gasoline (C8-C12) are 92.76; 91.92 and 90.58 percent fraction produced. The performance of catalyst showed that reuseability number were decrease, but the charactersitic of liquid fuel produced were also be agreeable to commercial gasoline standard. Keywords: olypropylene waste plastics, liquid fuels, catalytic conversion, Al-MCM-41-Cer catalyst, reuseability number
Survival Analysis of Sea Turtles Eggs Hatching Success using Cox non Proportional Hazard Regression
No full textThe aims of this research is to know both the model and also the factors of incubation period and hatching success of eggs of sea turtles in Kuta, Legian and Seminyak Beach, Bali from January to September 2016. The reasearch was conducted by doing survival analysis by using Cox Non Proportional Hazard regression and then compare the model derived from it with log-logistic regression model. Precipitation, location, temperature, humidity, and hours of daylight are the factors which significantly influence incubation period and hatching success of eggs of sea turtles. According to the descriptive analysis, 12≤ precipitaion <18, Seminyak Beach, 28,5≤ temperature <29,5, 86≤ humidity ≤91, and 5,8≤ hours of daylight <8,3 are the factors which have highest percentage of hatching success. Meanwhile 12≤ precipitation <18, Seminyak Beach, 28,5≤ temperature <29,5, 86≤ humidity ≤91, and 0,8≤ hours of daylight <3,3 are the factors which have highest percentage of hatching success based on the hazard value. Although Seminyak Beach has the highest rate of hatching success, it’s not significantly different from Legian beach in respect to the location factor’s categories. Keywords: hatching success, cox non proportional hazard, log-logistic, survival analysi
The Correlation Between Type of Land Use and Water Quality in the Rembangan River, Jember Regency
Get PDFThe river is one of the important water sources and at this time the river water quality has decreased.The type of land use around the river is thought to have a significant contribution to river water quality. This research was conducted to determine of correlation between the type of land use and water quality in Rembangan River, Jember Regency.The study was carried out at four stations that passed through secondary forests, coffee plantations, rice fields and residential housing. The data of biodiversity and density of plants and physical-chemical parameters of river water were noted, and benthic macroinvertebratessamples were collected at each station. Data of biodiversity and density plants were used to determine of environmental services index (ESI) values. Benthic macroinvertebrates samples were identifiedat the family level, and after that the tolerance score and the abundance of each family was determined. The last two data were analyzed to determine of Family Biotic Index (FBI) values.The value of ESI, physico-chemical parameters of river waterand FBI were analyzedto determine the relationship between these variables by using Pearson correlation analysis (α < 0.05).The research result revealed that the type of land use (ESI) was significantly related to the biological quality of river water (FBI) as indicated by the p value > 0.05. The correlation characteristic is negative and very strong (R = 0.886). High ESI values indicate that the diversity and carbon sequestration of plant community around the river are in good condition and vice versa. Low HBI values indicate good river water quality and vice versa. Based on this research, each land use type must provide space for the natural growth of the plant communityto maintain the quality of river water to remain good. Keywords: river, benthic macroinvertebrates, land use, water quality, ESI, HBI
Preparation and Characterization of Polysulfone/Celullose Acetate (PSF/CA) Blend Membrane
Get PDFBlend polysulfone (PSF)/cellulose acetate (CA) membranes have prepared by phase inversion method. In here, CA was prepared from bacterial cellulose by acetylation reaction. Various temperature of coagulation bath were used as variable to investigated water uptake, water flux, porosity and thermal properties of membranes. As comparison, the CA commercial (CCA) was also investigated with the same parameters. As the result, the functional group analysis by FTIR show that CA has successfully prepared from bacterial cellulose. The parameters include water uptake, water flux and porosity have the similar trend. The parameters increase with increasing of temperature of coagulation bath. The other hand, CCA membrane have similar trend to CA membranes for parameter of water water uptake, water flux and porosity. However, CCA membrane is higher than CA membranes for all parameters. Thermal analysis by Differential Scanning (DSC) showed that all blend membranes with different temperature of coagulation bath have single transition glass temperature (Tg) that indicated that molecular homogeneity. Keywords: blend membrane, phase inversion, coagulation bath, water flux, porosity
Evaluation of Adaptation and Production of Three Selected Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in Peat Land Area of Central Kalimantan
Get PDFAlong with the increasing the of the land-use change of the fertile agricultural land in Java, the better awareness has been subjected to the importance of function peat land for agricultural development. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a tuber plant that potentially developed as important carbohydrate source. The objective of this research was to identify superior cassava variety candidate of selected cassava developed by of Research Centre Biotechnology, LIPI which has high adaptation capability and yield in Central Kalimantan peat land area. This research was conducted from July 2010 through May 2011 in Central Kalimantan Province (Kalampangan dan Pulang Pisau in total of area 1.5 and 2.25 ha respectively). There were three genotypes of cassava tested, i.e. Iding (high amylose), Gebang (low amylose), and Menti (high starch) compared to Adira 4 (35 ton/ha) and Darul Hidayah (102.1 ton/ha). The variables observed were plant height (cm) and tuber weight (grams). Observations were conducted at the age of 10 months. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. The results showed that the plant height and yield were higher in Pulang Pisau than Kalampangan even though the difference is not significant (P ≤ 0,05). Darul Hidayah has highest plant height and yield, 229.8 cm and 2271 g respectively among other genotypes/varieties grown at Pulang Pisau even though the value was not significant, whereas in Kalampangan, Darul Hidayah showed the lowest yield (670 g). Based on the data obtained, the Darul Hidayah variety can be cultivated by farmers in Pulang Pisau peat land to fulfill the availability of superior cassava seedlings for food, feed and industry. Keywords: Peat, tuber yield, plant height, liquid organic fertilizer, yam wood