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Procedures for teaching selected folk dances at primary level
Get PDFThe curriculum for physical education among other activities also defines the learning objectives in the field of folk dances. In this way, we acquaint students with the Slovenian cultural heritage in a practical way. When teaching folk dances, we must pay attention to adapting it to the age level and abilities of the students. Folk dances are usually written in the form in which they were danced by adults. Therefore, it is necessary to simplify the dance and adapt it to the students. Teachers often choose to teach folk dances, which are better known among others. The most common reason is that they do not have enough knowledge in this area. Teachers who want to acquire new knowledge in this field, should educate themselves and participate in various dance workshops. In the research, we checked the current knowledge of folk dances among teachers and the usefulness and suitability of prepared recordings of folk dances. In order to be able to offer teachers practical knowledge in this field, as part of the master's thesis, we decided to record eleven folk dances from five different regions suitable for primary school level. The recordings include dances in folk costumes and learning procedures so teachers can learn to dance while watching the clip. The data were obtained through a quantitative survey, using a questionnaire provided to primary schools. The sample included 51 classroom teachers. We found that most teachers know and teach more well-known dances, such as zibenšrit, there is a mill by the clear stream, Abraham 'has seven sons, a white, white lily, and so on. However, we also found that teachers who are additionally engaged in folklore activities also know and teach lesser-known dances, such as pokšotiš, požugana, štajeriš, etc. Respondents described the recordings as useful, sufficiently clear and appropriate, and most of them also wrote that they will use the recordings in their further work. With the prepared recordings of folk dances, we want to encourage teachers to teach lesser-known folk dances, which can be more interesting. At the same time we will preserve and pass on the dance heritage to students
English teaching in kindergarten through the didactic use of ICT
Get PDFLanguage teaching is frequently implemented in the early childhood. During this period, the child is more receptive to language acquisition than adults. The experts connect it with the explanation of »sensitive phases« in the early childhood. However, since we are talking about a preschool child, foreign language teaching should be interesting and attractive to him in order to stimulate his curiosity for language learning. Using information and communication technology (ICT) can contribute to this stimulation if it is used appropriately by teachers.
In the diploma paper entitled English Teaching in Kindergarten through the Didactic Use of ICT I researched how many kindergartens in Slovenia offer early English teaching, kindergarten teachers’ opinion on English teaching in preschool, their opinion on the use of ICT in kindergarten, how much ICT is used in English teaching in early childhood and what circumstances affect the frequency of using ICT in English activities.
The survey included all kindergartens in Slovenia (public kindergartens, primary schools with at least one kindergarten unit, private kindergartens and private educators). The questionnaire was intended for kindergarten teachers, educators and other employees who teach English at the preschool level. 70 kindergartens participated in the research. 54 of those offer early English learning, mostly in the course form. The results show that most of the participating professionals have positive attitudes towards learning English in the early childhood. A very small section of those think that children should start learning English in primary school, citing the need for good knowledge of the native language and a free childhood with no activities that would pressure the child even more. When asked whether ICT belongs in early childhood and whether it is used in English teaching, most respondents chose the answer yes. That indicates their positive attitude towards the use of ICT in early childhood. They think that ICT enriches activities, stimulates child's curiosity, is an inevitable part in learning, it is a part of child's life and helps in learning the foreign language. When teaching English to preschool children they see the biggest advantage of using ICT in a wide range of ideas for activities. They mostly use ICT to find ideas and for planning the activities. In the homeroom, they use ICT to learn and listen to songs in a foreign language. Most of the respondents have no problem using didactic ICT when teaching English to young children. Only a few of them experience lack of time to use it
Primary education students at acting process
Get PDFIn this research, we observed the students in the drama class. Creation in drama also includes the acting process. The acting process focuses on the individual – the actor who participates in it and on his abilities, fears, emotions, which he recognizes and tries to overcome and then act them out in his dramatic character with various exercises and techniques. By participating in drama activities, we can develop various social skills, self-confidence, and creativity. The development of these skills and competencies is also important for teachers. In this master's thesis, we researched how and to what extent primary education students develop through the acting process. We examined how classroom students perceive the acting process and what importance they attach to it, and whether by participating in it they acquired skills or competencies to improve their private life, themselves as a teacher and/or improve the quality of their lessons (motivation, class climate, knowledge transfer, increased curiosity of students, improvement of relationships, values…). The first part of the research was conducted with four students who were involved in the acting process in an independent project in an elective course, and the second part with four students who were involved in the acting process three years ago by participating in the preparation of the play. For the research, we used techniques for qualitative research: observation, interview, and analysis of reflections and the curriculum of the subject. The research aimed to find out if and in what ways the acting process helps in the personal and professional development of teachers, and if students are aware of this, and to what extent. We found that students recognize some of the acquired competencies (for example flexibility competence, communication skills, competence to use relaxation techniques…), but the recognition of competencies among students from the first sample differs from students from the second sample, and the reason is that students from the first sample received online lectures and they were a part of the acting process as part of the study subject, while the students from the second sample participated in the creation voluntarily and more individually and the process was held in person. The results of the research can be of help to primary education students for a better perception and understanding of drama subjects, as well as to the professors of these subjects, as they can gain insight into the experience of students' acquired competencies. Due to the qualitative way of research, the results cannot be generalized and apply only to our research sample
Printmaking strategies in block printing
Get PDFIn my master’s thesis, I focus on explore block-printing strategies.
In the theoretical part, I focus on defining the fields of printmaking (both industrial and art printmaking). The special focus is on artworks, which effectively connects/integrates both previously mentioned fields with the postmodernist method of appropriation or the method of intervention. I pay special attention to my own approach (strategy), ‘occupying’ in nature, and resulting interactions, which may be accidental or planned. With the method of occupation, I raise questions about the authorship of artworks, ethics in art and what are the limits of ability, as well as the potential of interactions between industrial and art printmaking. The process is appropriate for self-expression, but at the same time sufficiently challenging for examining these contents on students of different ages. For this purpose, I aim attention at researching a new alternative printmaking technique, which I have named extruded polystyrene foam printing. The printmaking technique with extruded polystyrene foam is developed and introduced by prof. mag. Črtomir Frelih. He presented it in lectures on printmaking in the masterclass Experimental Printmaking. In my thesis, I present technically experimental procedures, preparation and application of paint on the (printmaking) matrix, as well as manual printing, in the condition when there is no access to a graphic studio. In my master’s thesis I will try to answer on the following questions: Is drawing on polystyrene panels technically appropriate for different generations of students? Then, I will focus on how much reproducibility does styrography allow and does hand-printing produce artistically appropriate results. Next, I will explore the awareness of the authorial value of printmaking strategies presented to a large extent in contemporary creativity. I will also answer on the following two questions: What types of graphic pre-printed surfaces may be used and what type of relationships may occur between an author’s artwork and the graphic pre-printed surface. I will conclude on ethical questions, which introduce the applied printmaking strategies
Relative perception of colour in abstract art
Get PDFThe term “abstract” became the slogan of modernism in the early 20th century. Cubistic aspirations help in understanding the development of geometric abstraction and European representatives of abstract art are taking advantage of that. On American soil abstract art is developing as the art of improvisation. So, the colour becomes a key element of expressing oneself in abstract art. The effects of colours and strokes of a painting brush are the main expressions in designing the art space in abstract expressionism while at the same time they are presenting a direct connection of the emotional flow between the painter and the spectator. Colour and size represent two main art variables in abstract art which play a major role in expressing the artist’s inner experience. When defining colours, we are considering three colour dimensions which are: chromaticity, brightness and saturation. Colour chords are quite important for experiencing colour. Colours do not affect our experience individually but in compounds. Colour occurs in our eyes and brain, however, its value is expressed only when being compared to another colour and mutual colour contrasts. We call that colour effect. Our eyes are capable of quickly adapting to different grades of lighting. The difference between the physical fact and the psychological effect is shown in the interaction of colours. The perception of colour is a subjective experience of each individual. Colours are changing most notably because of the effect of other colours whereas simultaneous contrast is playing an important part in that. The logical understanding of relations between colour and colour tones is shown by the colour wheel. Colours differ from each other in their colourfulness and are forming contrasts among themselves which are called colour contrasts and represent the basic design tool. Seeing and feeling a colour is of relative importance to each individual. According to Albers colour is the most relative medium in abstract art. The optical effects of colours in abstract art are offering the spectator alternate impressions of perceiving surfaces and the depth of the art space. Colour is one of the main ways of expression in the pictorial space of abstract art. However, the volume and flatness of colour in the art space are not the only emerging occurrences; when forming the art space colour and shape are also important. The collage technique has a major role in the development of modern painting and sculpturing during modernism. For abstract art it represents the most important factor of representation since the choice of industrially coloured paper enables a quick comparison of colour shades
Understanding abstract concepts in children aged 4 to 6 years
Get PDFThe thesis analyses how children aged from 4 to 6 years old understand abstract concepts and what influences their understanding. During the first years of life, children learn language skills, including the meanings of abstract concepts. In the theoretical introduction, the thesis deals with the cognitive development of children, the development of the parts of the brain responsible for abstract thinking, the learning of abstract concepts and the factors influencing the learning of abstract concepts. The purpose of research of the thesis was to determine how children aged 4 to 6 years old interpret concrete and abstract concepts, which of the abstract concepts they know better and whether the knowledge of abstract concepts is influenced by the gender and age of children.
The results showed that children interpret concrete concepts based on their features – what shape, color and material they are made of, what they are used for or what do they do. They interpret abstract concepts baesd on four categories, namely what they see, feel, relive, and observe through behavior. The concepts that the children described in more detail and extensively describe emotions or they have an emotional context, which is consistent with the findings of other researchers. Gender and age, however, have not been shown to be a factor influencing the understanding of abstract concepts
Attitudes of primary school students toward working with animals
Get PDFMany children and adults have many misconceptions and negative attitudes or prejudices towards animals due to their upbringing, lack of experience and knowledge, incorrect information from the media, and growing alienation from nature. Therefore, it is important to enable students to get to know the animal and thus learn from their own experiences. The teacher has an important role in this, as he can identify prejudices in students and can help to eliminate them with his example and the right approach. In the master's thesis, we investigated the attitudes of fourth and fifth-grade students towards working with animals in the classroom and the attitudes towards three selected animals. We chose two animals that arouse less pleasant emotions (fear, disgust) in students and one that belongs to the beloved animals. We related to the research already done in the field of students' relations and opinions towards animals.
In the theoretical part, we first present experiential learning and attitudes and prejudices towards animals that can be observed in students in preschool and primary school. We present in more detail the emotions of fear and disgust that often occur along with negative attitudes toward animals.
A questionnaire based on the use of a 5-point Likert scale was used to check student's opinions. We found that previous direct experiences had the greatest impact on student's opinions. By learning science content and with experiences, students improve their attitude towards living and non-living nature, become more respectful, and we also enable them to acquire realistic ideas. In addition, direct experience can help to eliminate prejudices and influence changing attitudes. It is important to back up direct experiences with appropriate examples, which are crucial in eliminating prejudices and misconceptions.
The results of the research can serve as a basis for further research in this area. In addition, research can help teachers in planning and designing activities or. activities for students by introducing them to experiential learning and the frequent prejudices and attitudes of fourth and fifth-grade students
Safety in the mountains
Get PDFThe thesis entitled Safety in the mountains consists of a theoretical and empirical study part.
The aim of this thesis is to inform parents and children about (un)safety in the mountains and to find out, what is the level of knowledge about aspects of safety in the mountains. We wanted to know whether the respondents go to the mountains and why, if they know all the necessary equipment, if they know the procedures for rescuing a casualty in the mountains, to what extent they know how to assess their physical and psychophysical abilities, whether they react correctly in the mountains, whether they in the event of bad weather, and if they know how the season affects accidents in the mountains.
In the theoretical part, we started by focusing on mountaineering terminology, which consists of the most common words: excursion, hiking, mountaineering and mountaineering. This was followed by a brief description of mountaineering in Slovenia and the mountaineering programmes implemented in Slovenia. Then we more attention was paid to safety in the mountains, which includes all the necessary mountaineering equipment, food and drinks, weather, first aid and dangers in the mountains. In the last part of the theoretical part we wrote about the preparation of the trip and focused more on the content of the preparation of the trip in the pre-school period.
The empirical part is divided into two parts: the preparation of children for a mountain trip and the analysis of the questionnaires. In the first part, the children were introduced to mountain topics, familiarised with life and behaviour in the mountains, and finally took a mountain hike to the old lime tree in Stirpnik. Parents were also involved and received a leaflet with all the necessary information. In the second part, I used a questionnaire to ask parents from all over Slovenia how familiar they are with safe movement in the mountains and whether they know the appropriate equipment and first aid procedures for first aid. 20 respondents took part in the survey parents from the Nogica group and 80 random parents from all over Slovenia.
We have found that children look forward to the trip much more when they are involved in the preparation and If they are motivated during the excursion itself (elf tasks). However, we found that parents lack knowledge of mountaineering, which is also a consequence of the many accidents in the mountainous world. Parents' ignorance is the result of inadequate provision of information to the child
Planning school projects on spectral analysis of sound using mobile apps
Get PDFThe master's thesis is intended for teachers of engineering and technology, science and physics in primary and secondary education. It is also intended for physics and engineering students to plan technical and science days, or to plan different lessons with the support of information and communication technologies.
The theoretical part of the master's thesis is an overview of signal processing using Fourier analysis, sampling and the operation and application of the discrete and fast Fourier Transform algorithms. Errors that occur in measurements and ways to eliminate or reduce them are also briefly described. An overview of classification of musical instruments, as well as their properties, is also described, with an emphasis on the physical background of guitar sounds and percussion such as xylophones or bells. The master's thesis also includes an overview of the curricula of natural science subjects in primary and secondary education, with an emphasis on the contents of sound and oscillations and waves. There is also a table of mobile applications suitable for use in the classroom, and a comparison between them.
The empirical part describes the process of designing and making a model of a guitar and bells. Typical results of measurements and comparisons of them are given. Factors that are supposed to affect the sound of both instruments and how these differences show up in the frequency spectrum were compared. The obtained results were also compared with the frequency spectra of acoustic and classical guitars and bells from Orff instruments.
Included with the master's thesis is a lesson plan for preparing a science/engineering day in school. Teachers can work with students to make models of musical instruments at an affordable price, and easily measure their acoustic properties with mobile phones
Effective physical education distance learning models during the Covid-19 epidemic
Get PDFThe Covid-19 epidemic has had a strong impact on the implementation of the entire educational process due to the closure of public life and schools. Physical education (PE) teachers were faced with the challenge of con-veying at a distance the learning content that they would otherwise teach in the sports hall. Our research aimed to determine which PE distance learning models proved to be the most effective during the epidemic, re-sulting in a high level of pupils’ activity despite participation from home. In the process of data collection, we included 33 PE distance learning les-sons at the lower secondary level, where six pupils (3 girls and 3 boys) wore accelerometers in each lesson (n = 198 pupils). The results showed that the most effective model was the flipped learning teaching model, where pupils were given an overview in advance of the different forms of teacher video recordings. Then they also actively participated with their ideas in the performance of the online lesson. A statistically significantly less efficient version of the flipped learning teaching model had prepared interactive assignments and games. This was followed by a combination of online frontal teaching with station work and frontal teaching. The least effective was independent work carried out by the pupils according to the instructions prepared by the teacher. Although the two flipped learning teaching models were the most effective in terms of exercise intensity, it is very difficult to implement them in practice because they require too much teacher time