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Leisure time of fifth graders in Slovenia
Get PDFLeisure time is a very important part of the day for a child because they can choose what they want to do. Children should do things in their leisure time that they enjoy. For some this is sports activities, others prefer to use the time to meet with friends or be with family. It is important that we recognize the influence of leisure activities on a child's cognitive, emotional, and social development. It is especially important to be aware of the influence of leisure activities on a child's health. Through these activities children can improve their motor skills, they can acquire new skills and knowledge. Leisure activities where children are active, such as sports activities, have more positive effects on a child's growth and development and health than passive activities, such as watching television. As modern technology improves, passive recreation is becoming more common among adolescents than it was a few years ago, which can have many negative consequences. It is important for parents and teachers to be aware of this. Parents play an important role in choosing leisure activities for their children as they are the ones who can offer different activities to their children, encourage them and also model how to spend quality leisure time. Teachers can also guide their students in choosing leisure activities. In addition, they can try to incorporate as much exercise and outdoor lessons as possible in their work in order to have a positive impact on their students. In the empirical part of the master's thesis, we focused on the leisure time of fifth graders. We conducted a research with 145 students from nine different elementary schools from nine different Slovenian cities, who attended the 5th grade of an elementary school in Slovenia in the school year 2019/20. For data collection, we used a questionnaire that was sent online to the students. The questionnaire was sent to the students during the pandemic COVID -19 when they had school from home. We were interested in how students define leisure time, where and with whom they spend it, and what activities they do in their leisure time. The data obtained were processed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that students most often define their leisure time as a time to do whatever they want. Most students play sports, often talk with their parents, or watch television. The study also found that students spend more leisure time indoors than outdoors. They love to spend their leisure time with their friends, but they spend it more often with their brothers or sisters. The data showed that students mostly spend their leisure time at home. Most students have one activity during extended classes and one activity after school. They plan them all by themselves. The results of the research can be a great help for the primary school teachers as well as for the planners of the educational process for more qualitative planning of the school lessons
Wood in creating a stimulating learning environment
Get PDFAdults provide a stimulating learning environment in the preschool period by offering children unstructured materials, which they later supplement according to different characteristics, change them and create with them different challenges to the child's creativity. This approach opens up a wide field of possibilities for the child to explore the material, which encourages the development of ideas and concepts and thus contributes to learning and development. It enables a diverse and creative symbolic game. Professionals in the kindergarten implement the development-process model of planning, in which the central place is the observation of activities or children's games, which becomes a key starting point for future activities.
The diploma thesis consists of theoretical and empirical work. In the theoretical part, I first presented the child's development and learning in the preschool period. I went on to present one of the most important activities of children and that is game. I described the importance of the game, introduced the types of games and the role of the adult. I presented active learning, which is typical for a stimulating learning environment. Active learning emphasizes process-development planning, on which the empirical part is based.
In the empirical part, I first presented a plan, how I approached the project, then follows different activities that I had prepared for the children by observing them and proceeding from their interests and initiatives. All activities were based on unstructured materials, which were offered children in various forms and situations. I focused on wood and other natural materials from the forest. With stimulating learning environment, children had opportunity for exploration and learning. The process was also documented. Evaluation plays an important role in process-development planning. Each activity was evaluated. I also listed goals that children had achieved during each activity.
The evaluation shows that unstructured material attracted children and encouraged them to explore. Children were very original and used the material in different ways. I was careful to create a stimulating learning environment by offering a variety of materials. I included all six areas of the Curriculum and provided a diverse and interesting environment for children`s play. During the project, the atmosphere in the playroom was pleasant, calm and relaxed. Children had learned and explored at their own pace, without pre-planned activities through the play. They have had a choice and plenty of time for active exploring. They were heard and their ideas and creations were recognized, which resulted in them by being their own creators of their further activities
Distance education
Get PDFDistance education used to predominate mainly among adults and employed students, who were not able to attend studies on a regular basis. In order to prevent the spread of new coronavirus throughout Slovenia, all educational institutions were closed and distance education became the main teaching method in all Slovenian primary and secondary schools as well as universities. Teachers have faced a wide variety of challenges that were different from all they have faced before. Suddenly they had to change their method of teaching from a traditional one into a distance education.
In the theoretical part of master's thesis I first defined teaching and its tasks, teaching forms and methods and various theories of teaching. I described learning with the use of technology and then defined distance education. Aterwards I described the forms and methods of distance education, the advantages and disadvantages of distance education, flipped learning, and the possibilities of using flipped learning in distance education. Next I described the transition from traditional teaching to distance teaching and reviewed existing research on experieces of distance education. Lastly I described the changed role of teachers and students in distance education, assesment and grading with use of technology, how to prepare and design e-learning material and how a teacher can build student teacher relationships in distance education.
The empirical part of master's thesis includes results of a survey I conducted among primary and secondary school teachers. With the survey I wanted to discover opinions of primary and secondary school teachers about distance education and their experience and methods of teaching they used in distance teaching during the COVID-19 epidemic
From a national university to a national higher education system
Get PDFThe article analyses the conceptualisations and gradual transformation of higher education in Slovenia from the 1980s to the early 1990s, i.e., during the period of profound social and political changes leading to the proclamation of the independent Republic of Slovenia in 1991. The broad public debate on the future of education in general was an impor-tant part of the awakening of civil society in the 1980s. In the specific field of higher education, intensive discussions led to the demand for a new and comprehensive development strategy. Given the profound transformation of higher education that took place during this period, this subject has been unjustifiably poorly researched. The article there-fore tries to contribute to partially filling the gap, and at the same time to stimulating further research. Based on the study of archive material, the present analysis concludes that the most important innovation of this period can be defined as a gradual conceptual and then normative shift from a national university to a national higher education system
Promotion of multiculturalism through children's literature
Get PDFThe world is a cultural mosaic. We live in a culturally-diverse society. Pupils come from a variety of cultural environments. Immigrants often feel unwelcome in the country of immigration. They are frequently subject to segregation, ridicule, discrimination or simply ignorance, beginning as early as primary school. Here, teachers are in a capacity to provide an active positive educational role. In my master’s thesis, I wanted to present parents and teachers with a selection of books that foster multiculturalism and interculturalism in pupils. My research was focused on how the chosen books encourage multicultural upbringing and the response of children to reading them.
In the theoretical part, I have focused on multiculturalism and interculturalism. I have compared texts with multicultural themes from syllabi in 1984, 1998 and 2018 (from three different socio-economic systems). My research encompassed the treatment of such themes in the Finnish syllabus and the discussions of multiculturalism in classes on children’s literature. There I have explored the teachers’ freedom to choose texts independently and the incorporation of the children’s short-story method. I have also researched the layout of pre-school and primary-school classes and developed a multicultural classroom that employs the use of QR codes.
In the empirical part, I have conducted research based on ten selected children’s short stories. The texts have been described and analysed in detail. My research was focused on how children’s short stories with a multicultural aspect may enhance contemporary children’s literature. Following this, I have monitored the response of children after reading such a text. Finally, I have analysed the results of the research
Dance for toddlers
Get PDFThe subject of the diploma work is related to the field of dance activities in the first age group in kindergarten. Since movement is a child's life need, we must give him as many opportunities for movement and expression through movement, which can also be achieved through dance. The social environment, which can include space, verbal and non-verbal stimulation, is important in the first years of life, when the child communicates mainly through movements. Non-verbal interactions make him feel that he exists, and as a result he is also more curious, satisfied, reassured and openly accepts new challenges.
In the theoretical part, first the developmental characteristics of children up to the age of three are presented. Then the work focuses on the field of dance. Some theoretical bases of the mentioned field are described, and the emphasis is on the characteristics of dance in the first age group. The following is being presented: the principles of dance education, characteristics of dance learning, methods and forms of work, movement and dance activities, examples of dance activities from the Kindergarten Curriculum, incentives for movement and what the role of the educator in performing dance activities is. The effects of dance on children in the first age group are also presented.
In the empirical part, the insight into the implementation of dance activities in the first age group in kindergarten is gained through interviews with educators and dance pedagogues. The results of the research show that educators and dance pedagogues observe very positive responses of children to dance activities. For educators and dance pedagogues, children of the first age group present a great challenge, namely the observation of their peculiarities, how they will motivate children and how the children will feel on the day of performing the dance activity. When planning the activities, they mainly follow the developmental stage of children, their wishes and needs, but they believe that creative dance and songs and riddles that include touches and finger plays are the most suitable for children of the first age group. The diploma work is accompanied by examples of activities that were found in the literature and obtained through interviews
Integration of elements of fine arts therapy into fine arts education in elementary school
Get PDFArt is crucial for stimulating communication and as a means of healthy children development. It helps us understand their ways of thinking, their emotions, fantasies and, last but not least, their hidden inner world. Sometimes we do not know how to put our feelings, our inner battles, in words. Since art manifests itself inside and outside of each individual personality, drawing and other forms of artistic expression can bridge the gap between ideas in our heads and souls and between the eyes of other individuals. The children's strong and direct image messages are always astonishing and fascinating. During the time when a child is involved in a critical and competitive school system the only source of emotional support, understanding and acceptance can be the participation in art therapy. An art therapist can provide a dynamic form of support to students and also to all the school staff. In order to understand the correlation between disciplines of art therapy and art education, it is important to understand the historic development of art education, the connection of art and psychology, the historic development of art therapy, similarities and differences between art therapy and child-centred art education. School art therapy is a recent phenomenon that is slowly spreading its roots. The aim of the present research is to find the possibility of integrating art therapy techniques into art classes of a chosen primary school and to see how the introduction of these art-therapy principles effects on the affective, psychomotoric and cognitive development and, above all, the emotional maturity of children
Experts' opinions on bibliotherapy
Get PDFBibliotherapy is the use of selected literature for therapeutic purposes, and because of its many benefits, it can be an excellent tool for therapeutic use for both adults and children. In the thesis, we presented the concept of bibliotherapy, types of bibliotherapy, its history and use and placed it in the educational setting. We defined the areas in which it is already used and explained the concepts of biblioprevention and biblioconsultation, which are more appropriate terms for the educational environment, since these institutions do not offer therapy but prevention and focus on the child's development instead of problems. As an alternative approach to a different form of work, it can also be carried out by preschool teachers, so we also added quality literary works that are suitable for discussing ali dealing with certain emotions.
The empirical part of the thesis was devoted to exploring the views of experts on bibliotherapy. Through a questionnaire and an interview, we aimed to determine the general knowledge of the terms and the views on the use of bibliotherapy in educational institutions. We supplemented the survey with six interview questions. The questions were answered by 148 respondents and nine interviewees, most of whom had never participated in any training on the subject, nor had they come into personal contact with this type of therapy. They have little information about bibliotherapy. The desire to use bibliotherapy in their work was expressed by as many interviewees who work in education as by those who work in other fields. However, there was a low positive correlation between knowledge of bibliotherapy and a positive opinion of it.
The best known term is bibliotherapy and the least known is biblioprevention. The respondents mostly think that the word bibliotherapy means treatment with the help of books. They believe that it is useful to explain taboo subjects and that books can heal, they believe in the therapeutic power of books, and they believe that bibliotherapy is an effective way to help people in need. The respondents believe that books are useful in working with children (even in the 1st age group) in different situations, and they are most in favour of individual therapy or the use of individual and group therapy. A competent leader is important in the delivery of therapy. The respondents believe that they do not have enough skills, almost half of them do not know suitable books, and the same proportion believes that they do not have time to conduct bibliotherapy. However, they are fond of reading and have a positive opinion about the use of bibliotherapy in the educational process
Social anxiety in adolescents of general and sports gymnasiums
Get PDFThe master's thesis investigates possible differences in social anxiety levels among
adolescents in general and sports gymnasiums in Slovenia.
In the theoretical part, in understanding social anxiety among adolescents, I first
defined the concept of anxiety, social anxiety and adolescence. Following this, I
analyzed the impact of regular sports activity in parallel with the above-mentioned
points. This was followed by a more detailed definition of social anxiety in adolescence
and a review of research already conducted. In the empirical part, I examined possible
differences in the level of social anxiety among adolescents in general and sports
departments of grammar schools and researched their experience among sportsactive
adolescents.
I invited all Slovenian grammar schools to the research work, which, in addition to the
general department, also offer the sports department of the grammar school
educational program. Thus, 120 male and female students were included in the
quantitative research. The quantitative analysis was followed by a qualitative one,
which included five adolescents with whom we conducted an interview. In selecting
the interviewees, the main criteria were the athlete's status and active coaching of the
chosen sport for at least five years.
The results of the quantitative survey revealed some statistically significant facts.
Although sport is still insufficiently known and appreciated in the context of
psychological treatment, the results of the research indicate the interdependence of
regular sports activity and the level of social anxiety. While there were no statistically
significant differences between the sexes, these differences occur in secondary
education programs. A higher level of general social anxiety was thus perceived
among the students of the grammar school’s general departments.
Based on the interviewees' results, it is interesting to point out that even though
adolescents attach great importance to their peers, they did not expose them as a risk
factor for social anxiety. Opinions were also divided on the assumption that regular
physical activity alone contributes to lower social anxiety levels. A significant risk factor
highlighted by the interviewees is the current epidemic and modern media's influence
Naloge iz izbranih vsebin elementarne matematike
Get PDFPred vami je zbirka nalog iz izbranih vsebin elementarne matematike,
povezanih s temeljnimi koncepti v množici naravnih števil in z osnovno geometrijo. Nastajala je od študijskega leta 2008/09 do sedaj, v tem času na
Pedagoški fakulteti Univerze v Ljubljani med drugim vodim vaje iz predmeta
Elementarna matematika. Zbirka zato vsebuje večinoma naloge z vaj in iz-
pitov pri omenjenem predmetu. Za njihovo reševanje pa praviloma zadošča
dobro srednješolsko znanje matematike, kar nekaj nalog pa spodbuja tudi
zahtevnejše miselne procese