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Nalog ni nikoli preveč: študijsko gradivo: aritmetika, algebra in analiza
Get PDFV gradivu je zbranih nekaj nalog, ki so podobne tistim, ki so bile dane v reševanje tekmovalcem na raznih olimpijadah, pa tudi druge. Takoj za vsako nalogo je tudi rešitev. Morda boste našli tudi svojo rešitev, kar bo samo pohvalno. Nekatere naloge so težje, nekatere se zlahka rešijo z nekim trikom, vse pa je odvisno od znanja in izkušenosti reševalca. Za razumevanje nalog in njihovo reševanje se predpostavlja solidno znanje elementarne matematike, redkokdaj višje matematike. Kjer se le da, je dovoljeno uporabljati tudi geometrijo
What children know about sugar dissolution
Get PDFChildren love to explore and perform experiments. I decided to introduce them sugar a little differently, as we use it every day. We never take time to look at sugar, what is actually going on, with it.
I decided for the preschool group, because children in the preoperative phase are already starting to develop understanding, and they can also think about things they don’t perceive at that moment.
The purpose of diploma thesis, was to bring sugar closer to children, to test activities that develop a natural understanding of sugar, to discover children's explanations of dissolution, and to compare activities and findings with research which are already conducted.
In the theoretical part of the thesis, I will present the development of natural science concepts, in children, from the point of view, of constructivism, how children understand dissolution, and how their understanding, is already researched, what is sugar and dissolution, and how to place our work, including in the curriculum for kindergartens.
In the empirical part, we will explore with children, what happens to sugar in water, what dissolution means, whether they are already able to develop an idea about the preservation of matter in water. At first, they will answer a few questions individually, then we will perform experiments, noticed them on posters, which they will also be able to view for a long time. After a while, I will question them again, so that I can find out how their understanding has changed
Topics on teaching the impact of humans on nature and the environment in the journal The American Biology Teacher from 2010 to 2021
Get PDFThe human impact on nature and the environment is a learning topic that appears in Slovenian primary schools in natural science, biology, and the optional subject of environmental education. The main purpose of this topic is environmental awareness and the development of students' environmental literacy, with which we can achieve environmental sustainability.
As with any learning topic, there are both general and specific problems in teaching this topic. We have described them in detail in the theoretical part, and we have also added appropriate solutions, suggestions and ways of working that can eliminate these problems. Because teachers must be adequately familiar with each learning topic before teaching, we analyzed three curricula and three textbooks for biology in which the topic of human impact on nature and the environment is also represented.
Examples of good practice can also be a great help for teachers in teaching, so in our master's thesis we analyzed 47 articles from the online magazine The American Biology Teacher from 2010 to 2021, which were related to the mentioned topic and represent the main part of this paper. First, we reviewed the articles and analyzed them in a table based on the following contents: article title, author, country of the author, year of publication, number of pages, number of cited sources, type of article, level of education, structure of the article, topic of the article, feasibility in Slovenia and why it is not (fully) feasible in Slovenia. To make it easier to visualize, we also presented the findings of certain content items graphically. We also analyzed the content of each article, divided them into certain topics and described the essential content that can help teachers in teaching. Finally, we divided the articles into 10 different topics, which relate to the human impact on nature and the environment. Certain articles are suitable for a specific level of education, but some can be adapted for all levels of education.
The main purpose of the master's thesis was the analysis of articles from the online magazine The American Biology Teacher, which present examples of good practice and enable teachers to enrich lesson and eliminate problems in teaching about the human impact on nature and the environment. Examples of good practice enable more outdoor teaching and can thus represent a positive interaction between students and the environment and nature
Anger in students with mild intellectual disability from first to fifth grade of primary school
Get PDFFacing different situations leads us to experience and express different emotions, including unpleasant ones – among them anger. The school environment includes the situations that trigger anger in children, so in the master's thesis we will focus on the recognition, expression and regulation of anger in students with a mild intellectual disability from the first to the fifth grade of elementary school with an adapted program with a lower educational standard. Recognizing, expressing and regulating emotions in children with intellectual disabilities is still a largely unexplored area, so the goal of our research is to broaden the insight into it within the school situations. For the purpose of the research, we used a part of the data from the survey “Students' emotions in the classroom” (Smrtnik Vitulić and Prosen, 2016). We obtained the data through observation according to a pre-prepared observation scheme entitled “Students' emotions in the classroom" (Smrtnik Vitulić and Prosen, 2016). We analyzed a sample of 52 students in whom anger appeared during the observation period. We quantitatively analyzed the data of the observed students with a mild intellectual disability from the first to the fifth grade of a primary school with an adapted program with a lower educational standard, as we were interested in how often, in which situations and with what intensity the students express anger. We were also interested in how students express their anger verbally and non-verbally, and what are the reactions of their classmates and teachers when they express the anger. The results were also compared according to the gender and age of the students. For a better insight into the recognition of anger and knowledge of anger management strategies, we conducted semi-structured verbal interviews with ten students who had previously participated in the aforementioned observation. We found that students express their anger most often in social interactions with classmates and teachers, second placed are situations in which students felt psychological or physical distress. Students express anger more often non-verbally than verbally. Verbally, anger was most often expressed by command, complaint, remark/comment, when non-verbal anger was most often expressed by frowning, looking, loud/stern tone of speech and gesture. We found that the verbal responses of classmates and teachers to the expression of anger in students are short, immediate and extremely modest in content. The research results were also compared by gender and age (between the middle and late childhood age groups) of children. There were statistically significant differences between the genders in the expression of anger in situations of breaking the rules (female students more often than male students). There were no statistically significant differences between the age groups in the different situations of anger expression. There were no statistically significant differences regarding the intensity of anger expression between genders, nor between the age groups. Statistically significant differences in the verbal expression of anger were found between the genders and age groups of children. Between genders in the categories: expression of desire, swearing or insults (in both cases more often female students) and "no verbal response" (more often male students). Among the age groups of middle and late childhood, in the categories: explanation (more often in late childhood), question, curses and insults (more often in middle childhood). In the area of non-verbal expression of anger, statistically significant differences between the genders were shown in the categories - withdrawal and physical restlessness (more often in male students) and posture (more often in female students), while differences between age groups of students were shown in the category of handling objects (more often in late childhood). In the interviews, students with a mild intellectual disability mostly recognized the emotion of anger, a few times they confused it with the emotion of sadness. As the most appropriate anger management strategy, students most often chose solving the problem and thinking about further action. With this master's thesis, we want to emphasize the importance of paying attention to emotions during childhood, as early intervention could greatly contribute to the appropriate recognition, expression and regulation of anger in people with a mild intellectual disability
Interest in botany among upper primary school students
Get PDFIn everyday life, as well as in the school environment, there is a bigger emphasis on the study of animals rather than plants. The problem of the so-called “plant blindness” should therefore be given attention to on the level of pre-school education and especially in the initial stages of primary school education. The purpose of this MA thesis is to draw attention to the groups of plants that interest students the most and incorporate them into the curriculum of nature science subjects and biology. Based on the students’ interest, we also strive to include more school nature days, which would include visits to botanical areas. 588 upper elementary schools students (6th, 7th, 8th, 9th grade) of five elementary schools from different regions in Slovenia participated in the research. The anonymous questionnaire included 16 closed-ended questions. Twelve questions were related to plant groups; students showed an above-average interest in nine plant groups. Four questions were asked to collect information about the students’ interest in visiting botanical areas outside of school – the students have shown an above-average interest in all presented botanical areas. We have proposed six hypothesis and accepted all of them. Statistical differences were found in the field of the interest of useful plants/botanical visits related to sex, age, and the location of the students participating in the research
Diskretna matematika: študijsko gradivo
Get PDFV okviru tega študijskega gradiva se dotaknemo le nekaterih izmed številnih
tem, ki sodijo na področje diskretne matematike. V prvem delu se posvetimo
predvsem kombinatoričnim temam, kot so osnovni principi preštevanja, izbori in
porazdelitve. V nadaljevanju si ogledamo tudi nekatere bolj kompleksne kombinatorične prijeme, kot so načelo vključitev in izključitev, metoda rodovnih funkcij
za reševanje linearnih rekurzivnih enačb s konstantnimi koeficienti, ogledamo pa
si tudi trdnjavske polinome
Preschool teachers' attitudes towards digital literacy
Get PDFIn this master's thesis, I looked into the attitudes of professionals towards digital literacy in general and its inclusion in kindergarten. The theoretical part is based on the study of domestic and foreign scientific and professional literature in the field of digital technology. I have defined its meaning and the way of inclusion in educational institutions. I focused on the digital literacy of educators and presented important findings of Slovenian and foreign research. In the empirical part of the research, I tried to find out how professionals assess their own competence in digital technology, what challenges they face and in which areas they already include it in their work. I was mainly focused in their standpoints and attitude towards the inclusion of digital resources in educational work, especially in activities with children. I used a qualitative approach and obtained data through a semi-structured interview for educators. I assume that the findings will contribute to a greater insight into the state of and attitude towards digital resources in kindergartens and the possible creation of guidelines for the use of digital technology in kindergartens and thus a contribution to the profession
Knowledge about the water cycle, connection to nature, environmental attitudes and behaviour of primary school students of the second triad
Get PDFDuring the last few decades the humankind is globally encountering environmental problems which are threatening the quality of the environment as well as our existence. In order to establish a truly sustainable society we need to change our attitude towards the environment. One’s connection to nature and environmental attitudes affect one’s pro-environmental behaviour and commitment to protect nature. The main goal of our research was to determine the characteristics of the attitude towards the environment of the primary school students of the second triad. We were researching the connections between the knowledge about the water cycle, connection to nature, environmental attitudes and behaviour as well as gender and age influence on these variables. The study sample included 137 students of the second triad from two different primary schools located in central Slovenia. The data was collected using an anonymous questionnaire and an exam to measure students’ knowledge about the water cycle, connection to nature, environmental attitudes and behaviour. Later on, I conducted in-depth, semi structured interviews with eight of the students from the original sample that displayed a positive attitude towards the environment. In that way, I got an insight into their experiences with nature and their perceptions of the water cycle. Results showed that the majority of the students possessed a basic, but an incomplete picture of the water cycle including some misconceptions about it. Students feel medium connectedness to nature. A connection to nature index proved to be a valid measure in Slovenia. Students have average, yet positive environmental attitudes. Most of the students perform environmentally friendly behaviour on a regular basis. Female students in comparison to male students practiced environmentally friendly behaviour more often and displayed a higher connectedness to nature. Students who displayed a higher level of knowledge of the water cycle tended to have more positive environmental attitudes and vice versa. Students with more positive environmental attitudes and higher connectedness to nature practiced environmental behaviour more often. All of the students interviewed displayed a positive attitude towards the environment. Most common experiences with nature mentioned were bonding with parents in the natural environment, playing with friends and the act of taking care for a pet
E-studio: the use of information and communication technologies in the development of drawing competences in different educational environments
Get PDFIn the age of COVID, art teachers face the unprecedented situation of teaching at distance a subject that involves hands-on activities with tangible tools and materials. Therefore, we have implemented e-studio workshops where the mentor and participants are not in the same room, but they interact as if they were. By using audio-video conferencing to link them together, it was possible to maintain two-way communication. This alternative option retains all the elements of live interaction. Since, unlike drawing in a real physical environment, the image on the screen that participants are asked to draw is the same for everyone, there are no views from different angles as in real space. This changes the relationship with the model and requires technical adaptations, which are presented in this article. The goals of the project included bringing distance learning closer to workshop providers, finding the optimal way to develop drawing skills at a distance, finding software that allows quality corrections, adapting the way knowledge is delivered to people with different needs, and enabling social interaction between participants and the mentor. Such an approach opened up new perspectives on the experience of drawing from a model and on the nature of drawing instruction
Sensory integration through sculptural activity
Get PDFSensory integration together with art (sculpture) is an activity that involves receiving and modelling stimuli that shape behaviour, perception and learning.
In my thesis, Sensory integration through sculptural activity in the theoretical part, I presented sculpture in the preschool period and sensory integration in relation to sculptural activity.
In the empirical part, I performed seven sculptural activities with different types of materials (clay, sand, soil, das clay, branches, leaves, bark, plaster and arrangement sponge). I used an observation sheet to observe and record the children's reactions when confronted with different sculptural materials and their evaluation of the sculptural result. I was also interested in how the tactile qualities of the sculpture material influence children's desire to reuse each material. I also supplemented the analysis with photo documentation of each activity