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ChangeDA: depth-augmented multi-task network for remote sensing change detection via differential analysis.
Get PDFIn the field of Remote Sensing Change Detection (RSCD), accurately identifying significant changes between bitemporal images is essential for environmental monitoring, urban planning, and disaster assessment. In recent years, advancements in deep learning for computer vision have transformed RSCD, significantly enhancing its effectiveness. However, existing methods often overlook the importance of depth information, focusing primarily on two-dimensional information. This limits their ability to capture subtle changes and structural details in three-dimensional space. To address these limitations, we introduce ChangeDA—a depth-augmented multi-task network designed to enhance the effectiveness of RSCD. ChangeDA introduces a depth encoder module to extract implicit depth information from optical images, enabling the utilization of 3D structural information without reliance on external data sources. Through the Depth Infusion Module (DIM), depth information is integrated into the dual-temporal feature maps, significantly enhancing the network’s ability to perceive changes in three-dimensional spatial structures. Additionally, ChangeDA includes a Differential Feature Extractor (DFE) tailored to pinpoint differential features between sequential images, and an Adaptive All feature Fusion (AAFF) strategy that significantly improves recognition accuracy and generalization capability through cross-level feature integration. Performance evaluations on four prominent single-modal datasets—LEVIR-CD, S2-Looking, WHU-CD, and SYSU-CD—yielded state-of-the-art F1-scores of 92.27%, 66.42%, 94.12%, and 82.74%, respectively. Furthermore, ChangeDA also achieved outstanding results on the multi-modal 3DCD dataset, with an F1 score of 63.52% in 2D CD and an RMSE of 1.20 in the 3D CD task. These results demonstrate ChangeDA’s robust adaptability across diverse targets and real-world scenarios
What we know about high-growth firms, and what we do not: a systematic review.
Get PDFHigh-growth firms are at the forefront of academic research and policymaking in support of job creation. This article provides an overview of what we know about these firms and what we do not. It is based on a systematic review of 159 papers published in higher-ranked academic journals from 1985 to 2022, supplemented by key papers published subsequently. The growing volume of research is channelled along what are becoming well-worn paths. It has entered a phase of diminishing returns before reaching any consensus on two pivotal questions: What are the antecedents of a high-growth episode, and why are these so short-lived? There is also growing scepticism among scholars on the feasibility and merit of having high-growth firms as a policy focus. It concludes by assessing the field and suggesting new research approaches and methods
Alienation and/or anomie in pharmacists: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of the international literature.
No full textFlourishing and belonging are key concepts for the wellbeing of staff and the success of a profession. Alienation and anomie are distinct types of psycho-social ills which inhibit flourishing and belonging. A better understanding of these may offer hope in preventing many negative work endpoints, including burnout and intention to leave. To systematically review and narratively synthesise alienation and/or anomie in pharmacists across the globe, reviewing all types of methodological designs, published in peer-reviewed journals. We identified published peer-reviewed research through searching eight electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science – Core Collection, Scopus, and Google Scholar) and extensive hand/citation searching. Two independent reviewers identified and critiqued eligible studies, extracted data, and synthesised the findings. The synthesis evaluated the focuses, causes, associated factors, and/or consequences of alienation and/or anomie and aligned these to six deductive themes from alienation theory: care; values; meaning; recognition; autonomy; and shared responsibility. Searches identified 886 papers, with 47 included in the final results. From the synthesis, ten key causes of alienation and/or anomie were identified; 1) Changing Professional Identity, 2) Reimbursement Models and Corporatisation, 3) Focus on Medicines Rather than People, 4) Misunderstanding and Deprofessionalisation, 5) Environments and Culture, 6) Suboptimal Societal Mandate, 7) Roles Misaligned with Aspirations, 8) Systematic Underutilisation, 9) Lack of Professional Agency, and 10) Value Conflict. From the evidence, there was high confidence that inhibitions of care, values, recognition, and/or autonomy (four of the six deductive themes) were associated with alienation and/or anomie. Alienation and/or anomie are present across many countries and regions. This paper helps us understand the aetiology of this complex psycho-social syndrome, a necessary first step in creating an inclusive profession where all pharmacists can flourish. Future research needs to trial new interventions targeted at correcting this professional malady
Men and the mask: dramaturgical mask-wearing, masculinities and oilmen's "stoical" emotional shielding practices in Scotland's offshore oilfields.
Get PDFScotland's North Sea offshore oil-drilling-fields have long been stereotyped as sites reinforcing and reproducing unique forms of masculinities aligning with hegemonic masculinity (HM) descriptors: stoicism, competition and conflict. Oilfields encompass near-all-male workplaces, requiring labour in difficult conditions, distancing from friends, family and home life. Emerging research in oilfields has begun to resist the HM-stereotype in favour of complex understandings of masculinities, labour-and-identity performances. This work details findings from a lengthy "embedded" ethnography of the UK Offshore Oilfield. Specifically, highlighting and discussing men's metaphorical "mask wearing" practices: the process by which oilmen engaged in complex performances of masculinities that resist HM yet retained overt components of stoicism; a key HM-descriptor. This "masked" stoicism was presented and performed in unique ways that bridged genuine and non-genuine performances of oilfield masculine identities, and interconnected with resistances against risk-taking and supports for safety. Goffman's dramaturgical perspective is applied to deepen and interrogate findings. Salient implications for oilmen's wellbeing, masculinities theory and future study are put forward
The International Collaboration of Pharmacy Journal Editors (ICPJE) formally constituted to foster quality around clinical and social pharmacy practice research publications.
Get PDFThe Granada statements were a result of the need to strengthen clinical, social, and administrative pharmacy practice as an area of knowledge that translates into practice, research, and policy. As a response, a group of clinical and social pharmacy practice journal editors launched an initiative in Granada in 2023, to discuss ways to improve the quality of publications in this area, which culminated in the Granada statements. Eighteen statements were developed, clustered into six main domains: (i) the appropriate use of terminology; (ii) developing impactful abstracts; (iii) having the required peer reviews; (iv) journal scattering; (v) more effective and wiser use of journal and article performance metrics; and (vi) authors' selection of the most appropriate pharmacy practice journal to submit their work. The full Granada statements have been published in 14 journals
Beyond greening the boardroom: linkages between gender parity and corporate environmental sustainability.
No full textThis article analyses the correlation between boardroom gender parity and environmental sustainability in corporate governance. While economic and environmental factors are critical considerations, other factors must also be taken into account. In this regard, the study emphasises the importance of both issues to stakeholders and the wider society. Despite the progress made, gender disparities still exist in boardrooms. The research delves into the impact of including women in business strategies on organisational success, highlighting the need for board composition that is both environmentally conscious and dedicated to achieve gender balance. Ultimately, the study concludes by urging proactive measures towards strategic planning and addressing gender imbalances in boardrooms. This study delves into the most recent research on corporate governance, boardroom gender diversity, social stereotypes, environmental sustainability, and the integration of environmental concerns in board decision-making. The primary objective of the study was to examine the correlation between gender diversity in the boardroom and corporate environmental sustainability. A methodical analysis of pertinent literature released between 2015 and 2024 was conducted, covering topics such as corporate governance, board of directors, gender diversity, and corporate environmental sustainability. This research paper explores the relationship between gender diversity in boardrooms and initiatives for environmental sustainability. The paper offers a unique perspective on the subject, transcending the conventional emphasis on financial performance. Instead, it underscores the significance of gender balance in driving corporate environmental sustainability. The study critically evaluates current corporate culture and management practices, emphasising the necessity of a board composition that is not only gender-balanced but also committed to environmentally responsible business operations. The research serves as a valuable foundation for future research on the interplay between boardroom gender parity and corporate sustainability. While the notion of achieving gender parity in boardrooms is conceptually appealing, its practical implementation poses significant challenges. The absence of gender diversity on boards renders research in this area somewhat inconclusive, as the requisite data to measure progress is lacking. Moreover, previous studies have been limited in scope and, therefore, lack the necessary breadth to allow for the generalisation of results. Furthermore, the confidential nature of boardroom deliberations renders the evaluation of boardroom dynamics a complex and onerous task, impeding the ability to conduct a robust analysis of board proceedings. As a result, conducting an exhaustive evaluation of boardroom dynamics is a practically daunting and challenging endeavour. The findings in this research provide critical insights for regulatory authorities and policymakers to reconsider the significance of gender parity within boardrooms, particularly in relation to corporate environmental sustainability. The outcomes of this research can benefit academics, government agencies, business leaders, investors, and policymakers alike. The results can help these stakeholders gain a better understanding of the value of gender diversity in the boardroom, particularly regarding environmental sustainability. As such, it can contribute to the development of more effective policies and frameworks for achieving business sustainability goals through gender-balanced leadership
Therapeutic relationships across the lifespan.
Get PDFThis chapter aims to help readers develop a critical understanding of therapeutic relationships in the context of community nursing. It encompasses multiple perspectives of community nurses who support people across the lifespan and highlights the underpinning principles of therapeutic relationships, whilst considering people as partners. The features of therapeutic relationships are considered, exploring interpersonal connections with self and people that community nurses support. The key features of a therapeutic relationship and how those might be nurtured are outlined. Influential factors in forming therapeutic relationships are explored, acknowledging the power balance, the need for self-wellbeing and the community context of these relationships. This chapter concludes with a valuable opportunity for readers to critically analyse the key principles of forming, progressing, maintaining and concluding therapeutic relationships and considers how these theories and principles might be applied to their own practice
Animals are my friends: exploring the relationship between animal companionship in childhood and moral concerns towards animals in adulthood.
Get PDFSeveral studies have highlighted the benefits of pet ownership on physical and psychological health. The literature has suggested that having a close relationship with an animal could enhance levels of empathy and reduce speciesism. However, little research has tried to explore the effects of attachment to a companion animal in childhood. This research sought to understand how attachment to an animal during childhood could relate to differences in moral concerns towards different categories of animals. In total, three hypotheses were generated: 1) there will be a difference in moral concerns for different species of animals, 2) there will be a difference in moral concerns towards animals between participants (pet owners versus non-pet owners in childhood), and 3) the intensity of the bond with an animal companion during childhood will correlate with moral concerns towards animals in adulthood. This quantitative study used online self-report questionnaires among 72 participants. Hypothesis 1 used a within-subject experimental design while hypothesis 2 used a between-subject quasi-experimental design. A within-subject correlational design was used to test hypothesis 3. As anticipated, all the three hypotheses were confirmed. Participants showed higher scores for companion and wild appealing animals compared to food and unappealing wild animals. Participants who were pet owners in childhood had greater moral concerns towards animals in adulthood than those who were non-pet owners in childhood, and this difference was statistically significant. Attachment and empathy were positively correlated with moral concerns towards animals, but only attachment was a significant predictor. This study reinforces the notion that not only pet ownership but also attachment can influence people’s moral concerns towards all animals. These findings underline the importance of combining this attachment to animals with educational programs to positively shape the way young people think not only about their pets but of all other non-human animal species
Browser fingerprinting ontology. [Dataset]
No full textThe Browser Fingerprinting Ontology defines a structured vocabulary to describe and analyze the mechanisms, features, and attributes involved in browser fingerprinting techniques. It aims to support research and tool development related to privacy, tracking, and web security by modeling fingerprinting behavior in a machine-readable way. This output contains code and datasets related to the paper titled "Towards an ontological approach to browser fingerprinting detection and privacy risk assessment"
AnonED: complex region anonymisation in electrical diagrams using hybrid density-based spatial clustering.
No full textDigitising a large multi-source electrical diagram (ED) dataset is challenging due to the need to anonymise Regions of Interest (ROIs) that contain sensitive data such as personnel identification. Moreover, due to the difficulty of diagram anonymisation, there are limited openly available examples for deep learning model training. Reliance on manual annotation limits scalability and increases cost, resulting in insufficient data for generalisation. Even with data augmentation methods, the diversity of real-world styles would limit the application to limited use cases. This paper explores a method that combines text mining and clustering with feature extraction to accurately segment multiple ROIs and applies to industry-wide engineering drawings, but with a focus on EDs. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) text positional and contextual data serves as input for a multi-level density-based spatial clustering algorithm with multi-stage filtering which is applied according to image complexity. Simple layouts with ROIs in one area are identified with Level 1 clustering and filtering. Complex multi-location clusters are split into classes before Level 2 clustering within a smaller area. The proposed method achieved F1 scores of 94% and 75% for simple and complex layouts respectively on a real-world ED dataset, evaluated at a minimum Intersection over Union (IOU) threshold of 90%. Detection of tabular-structured title block ROIs was evaluated across three distinct datasets: the ED dataset, a synthetic raster dataset, and complex real-world piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs), respectively, achieving F1 scores of 98%, 92%, and 42%, at an IOU threshold of 50%
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