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From conventional methods to large language models: a systematic review of techniques in mobile app review analysis.
Get PDFThis paper focuses on app review analysis techniques, driven by the rapid advancement of the mobile app market and NLP techniques in optimizing mobile app user experiences. Owing to technological advancements, app review analysis has rapidly evolved. This study examines both conventional and emerging techniques, including current advancements such as large language models (LLMs) in app review analysis. It provides an overview of the various methods used across different categories of app review analysis, comparing effective strategies for identifying user concerns and enhancing app functionality. A systematic review was utilized based on two major standard guidelines, PRISMA and Kitchenham's guidelines, for the period of 2014 to 2024. After defining the review protocol, papers were identified through keyword-based searches on six major online databases: Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, Science Direct, and Springer. Following screening and excluding papers based on defined quality criteria, 53 papers were considered for this study. The use of PRISMA ensures a transparent and reproducible review process, while Kitchenham's guidelines provide a structured and rigorous approach for evaluating and synthesizing the literature. Contribution This review study aims to evaluate the current state of knowledge on app review analysis techniques to improve mobile app user experiences. This study categorized the existing state-of-the-art papers into eight different categories, such as sentiment analysis, review classification, summarization, and prioritization, and examined challenges related to app review analysis. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the potential of LLMs for optimizing and automating app review analysis and provides future directions to address gaps in user-centric app development. Among the eight main categories defined in app review analysis, sentiment analysis is the most prevalent, followed by review classification and information extraction. Most studies use a combination of these categories to achieve a comprehensive goal. Prioritization techniques such as risk matrices, thumbs-up count-based approach, and anomaly detection are widely used to identify emerging issues. Extracting meaningful information and evaluating the proposed approach are the most common challenges identified. Novel LLMs, like Chat-GPT, significantly enhance review analysis by automating the process, improving feature extraction, and enabling context-aware review classification. The combination of conventional approaches and novel LLM-based methods can enhance both the efficiency and accuracy in identifying and addressing critical issues raised through mobile app user reviews. It effectively prioritizes user concerns by leveraging the strengths of both traditional preprocessing techniques and advanced LLMs. Researchers are encouraged to explore the integration of emerging technologies like LLMs to enhance the of app review analysis, particularly in feature-specific sentiment analysis. The results of this study contribute to enhancing the mobile app user experience through effective app review analysis, which improves user satisfaction and supports user-centered app development. This ultimately leads to a better mobile app ecosystem, benefiting both users and developers. In the future, this research can be extended in multiple directions. Researchers can address the existing research gaps that LLMs have yet to address, particularly in prioritizing user concerns. Additionally, there is potential for further research on tool implementations focusing on identifying persistent issues through time series analysis by considering the app version and date of the app reviews. Moreover, there is a need to develop comprehensive frameworks that are more generalizable across different apps and categories, with a focus on identifying user concerns related to specific features
A low-energy solution for the removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins: UV-A LED photolysis.
Get PDFClimate change and eutrophication contribute to proliferation of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in aquatic environments. Conventional treatments can be ineffective to remove high cell densities of cyanobacteria and dissolved toxins. Therefore, alternative mitigation strategies are required to effectively remove these contaminants at source. In a previous photocatalytic study (Menezes et al., 2021a), UV-A irradiation was used as a light control system, however, UV-A irradiation was shown to be effective in the removal of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7813 and four microcystins. In this study, a chemical-free water treatment approach using photoinduced photolysis was explored by using UV-A 365 nm LED irradiation, a low-energy wavelength near the visible light spectrum, for the effective removal of cyanobacteria and toxins. Six Microcystis aeruginosa strains (SCIENTO, NIES1099, B2666, PCC7820, 7813 and 7806) were exposed to UV-A 365 nm irradiation for seven days. Photosynthetic activity significantly decreased after 24 h, with samples showing little to no photosynthetic activity by the end of the investigation. Total microcystin concentrations (intra- and extracellular) decreased in UV-A treated samples with 86% removal of combined microcystins. Notably, microcystins removal varied by analogue (94% of MC-RR was removed compared to 9% of MC-YR). Furthermore, nutrients in the cyanobacteria growth medium used in lab-scale experiments, such as nitrate and iron, enhanced the UV-A photolytic degradation of microcystins, reflecting the potential for environmental conditions to amplify treatment effects. This study represents the first proposal of a UV-A LED-based photolytic method for cyanobacterial and cyanotoxin removal, offering a transformative, low-energy and chemical-free water treatment
An evaluation of the Scottish pharmacist clinical academic fellowship programme: developing research to advance pharmaceutical care practice across the NHS.
Get PDFPublished literature highlights that research capacity, competency and confidence within the pharmacy profession requires development. The Royal Pharmaceutical Society’s credentialing curricula incorporate five broad domains that align to four 'pillars of practice'; research is one of these pillars. Performance in this ‘pillar’ most frequently impedes credentialing success. The Scottish Pharmacist Clinical Academic Fellowship (SPCAF) programme was created; a collaboration with Higher Education Institutions and NHS Education for Scotland, to develop a network of Clinical Academic Pharmacist posts. These were designed to generate an evidence base for healthcare practice development through a robust programme of research which in turn, would help establish a national network of research-focussed practitioners
The effect of the terminal linking atom on the appearance of twist-bend nematic and smectic phases.
Get PDFThe synthesis and characterization of five new members of both the CB6O·Om (6O defining the spacer as hexyloxy) and CBO5O·m (O5O defining the spacer as oxypentyloxy) series are reported which possess extended terminal alkyl chains. Two new series of dimers are also reported in which the linking group between the terminal alkyl chain and mesogenic unit is varied, namely the CBO5O·Om and CBO5O·Sm series. All four series exhibit both the twist-bend nematic phase (NTB) as well as a rarely reported twist-bend smectic C phase (SmCTB-SH). X-ray diffraction measurements showed that the SmCTB-SH phase had a partially interdigitated bilayer packing arrangement in agreement with previous literature reports. The phase behaviour between these four series and the previously reported CB6O·m and CB6O·Sm series are compared. The NTB phase is observed when the terminal alkyl chains are short whereas when the terminal alkyl chains are long there is a predisposition towards more smectic-like behaviour such as the SmCTB-SH phase. The dimers which contain an oxygen link in the terminal chain have higher values of TNTBN than those with a sulfur or methylene link. Additionally, the dimers with an 6O spacer, in general, had slightly higher values than those with O5O spacers. Interestingly, the SmCTB-SH phase did follow the same trend with regards to the effect of the terminal linking group but the reverse trend with regards to the spacer
Taboo knowledge in information systems: the case for dark knowledge.
No full textThis paper presents an alternative conceptualization of dark knowledge that IS scholars may find useful in considering taboos in information systems scholarship. We identify other characterizations before introducing dark knowledge as forbidden and therefore taboo. Key theoretical elements of dark knowledge are identified, highlighting relationships to extant areas of information systems-related research. Four examples of dark knowledge are used to highlight its differing forms, roles, and impacts. A nascent critical research agenda for IS scholars seeking to use dark knowledge to explore taboo epistemologies is also presented
The reproductive ecology of Loligo squids (Cephalopoda: Myopsida) in Lusitanian zoogeographical province.
No full textAnalysis of the temporal and spatial distribution of 686 records of egg masses and egg mass groups from (i) recreational divers and posted in the various public media, (ii) scientific survey data collected during research programs and (iii) publications in peer-reviewed literature plus published and unpublished information on the seasonality of the occurrence of mature females, demonstrated that the reproduction of Loligo squids occurs throughout the Lusitanian zoogeographical province all year round with varying seasonal peaks. This may be due to high phenotypic plasticity, with the life cycle adapting to local conditions, or the existence of small discrete stock units related to individual water features. In warmer and relatively productive waters the spawning peak is more extended, and percentage of mature females in catches is lower In the Mediterranean the peak of occurrence of both mature females and spawned eggs gradually shifts to earlier dates from the west to the east, which is consistent with respective changes of the earlier peak of productivity. There is little or no gap between peak of occurrence of mature females and peak of the egg mass records. Spawning grounds of L. vulgaris extend in the Mediterranean area much deeper than thought before and they extend from 3 m to 550 m. Egg masses were reported by recreational scuba divers from deeper locations in the central Mediterranean than in other areas. Loligo forbesii egg masses were found between 170 and 720 m
Integrating embodied carbon estimating in quantity surveying curriculum: a case study.
No full textThis chapter argues for the need to focus on embodied carbon measurements and management to achieve the 2050 emission reduction targets of the Paris Agreement. In so doing, it highlights the crucial role to be played by Quantity Surveyors in this effort. The paper underlines the gaps and issues in the existing built environment curricula in the UK in equipping students with the necessary sustainability skills and the need for a systemic view to transform education. The chapter presents a real-life case study from a UK university on how such a curriculum transformation can be achieved and Quantity Surveying students can be engaged in the subject of embodied carbon estimating using three exemplars including an interdisciplinary project. The exemplars presented in the chapter provide educators with some practical and easy-to-implement project ideas to embed this emerging competency within the Quantity Surveying curriculum
Investigating the causes of escalation of disagreements over delay assessments.
Get PDFProject delays are a common occurrence in the construction sector. Such delays generate disputes over questions of law, fact and/or delay assessments. The last are costly, persistent and prevalent worldwide which has produced a role for professionals specialising in construction delay analysis. Although construction delays are inevitable, the escalation of delay disagreements from claims into disputes is often avoidable as construction contracts typically offer claims (or extension of time) procedures to resolve such disagreements before they become full-fledged disputes. Although this is an underresearched area, the published literature suggests that the main cause of the escalation of delay claims into disputes is unavailable and/or inadequate data. In this study, twenty-one private disputes were examined for their key disagreements. These cases reveal that while deficiency and inadequate quality of project data were indeed factors in these disputes, they were not the only ones, or indeed the main factors that caused the escalations of claims into disputes. The deliberate lack of transparency, selective interpretation of material data, and the subjective adoption of the delay analysis methods are at least as important in creating and escalating such disagreements. Furthermore, the resulting interplay between the reluctance of actors to provide data, and the conflicting reasons behind the analysis of it results in a zero-sum game for the parties seeking the resolution of delay disputes. Such escalations could be partially or fully avoided by exploiting advances in information technology, introducing contractual delay assessment protocols and/or radical changes to the concept of 'ownership' of data
Multispectral satellite imaging for detection and quantification of floating coastal macro-litter.
Get PDFFloating plastic waste threatens marine ecosystems, human health, and global sustainability, impacting over 900 aquatic species and incurring economic losses of $6-19 billion annually. Effective monitoring is critical yet challenging due to the vastness of aquatic environments. This study introduces an automated, deep learning-based framework for detecting and mapping floating macro-litter along the Karachi coast using highresolution multispectral satellite imagery from PRSS-1 and WorldView-3 (0.7−3 m/pixel). Unlike UAV-dependent methods, our satellite-only approach ensures scalability across coastal and inland waters. The pipeline employs YOLOv12, YOLOv4-Tiny, and Faster R-CNN, trained on 10,000 annotated images under diverse water conditions. YOLOv12 achieves a precision of 0.95,mAP of 0.88, and F1score of 0.91, with an inference speed of 2 ms per image. Validated with UAV imagery, the framework supports realtime, large-scale monitoring over 1,000 km2, enabling early detection and cost-effective mitigation. This scalable solution advances global plastic pollution monitoring, offering a robust tool for environmental protection and policymaking
Research priorities of the European Society of Clinical Pharmacy (ESCP): a questionnaire-based study.
No full textIt is important for health professional societies to involve members in defining their roles and future activities including research priorities. This study aimed to identify members’ views on the areas of research that European Society of Clinical Pharmacy (ESCP) should prioritise in delivering research support, research projects and education. An online questionnaire was initially developed by the ESCP Research Committee and reviewed by the research team. It included structured and open-ended items related to respondents’ demographics, research experience, views on future research priorities, topics that ESCP should prioritise, and barriers to research involvement. After testing face and content validity, the questionnaire was sent to all ESCP members (N = 417). Descriptive statistics and summative content analysis were used. Eighty-two responses were received (response rate: 19.7%). Research on real-world processes that facilitate the implementation of clinical pharmacy services into every-day practice was the priority for most respondents (n = 77, 93.9%). Respondents believed that ESCP should focus on research support for implementation science (n = 52, 63.4%) and methods to analyse clinical judgement and decision-making (n = 48, 58.5%). The perceived barriers to developing high-quality research in clinical pharmacy were reported as a lack of knowledge, skills and training, limited funding opportunities and insufficient time. Research topics identified will help to inform ESCP and its committees on the priorities for research activities of the society in the near future, as well as other collaborating professional organisations of the current priority research objectives of ESCP in the international context
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