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XAI disagreement in neonatal pain classification.
No full textArtificial Intelligence (AI) offers a promising approach to automating neonatal pain assessment, improving consistency and objectivity in clinical decision-making. However, differences between how humans and AI models perceive and explain pain-related features present challenges for adoption. In this study, we introduce a region-based explanation framework that improves interpretability and agreement between XAI methods and human assessments. Alongside this, we present a multi-metric evaluation protocol that jointly considers robustness, faithfulness, and agreement to support informed explainer selection. Applied to neonatal pain classification, our approach reveals several key insights: region-based explanations are more intuitive and stable than pixel-based methods — leading to higher consensus amongst explainer ensembles; both humans and machines focus on central facial features, such as the nose, mouth, and eyes; agreement is higher in "pain" cases than "no-pain" cases likely due to clearer visual cues; and robustness positively correlates with agreement, while higher faithfulness can reduce pixel-level consensus. Our findings highlight the value of region-based evaluation and multi-perspective analysis for improving the transparency and reliability of AI systems in clinical settings. We hope that this framework can support clinicians in better understanding model decisions, enabling more informed trust and integration of AI support in neonatal care
Behind the armor: masculine toughness as both risk and barrier in complex PTSD recovery: developing the MIMIC framework.
No full textThis work examines how cultural expectations of hegemonic masculinity (HM) shape the presentation of psychological distress and the challenges of recovery for men living with Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD). We argue that hegemonic ideals of masculine toughness, centred on emotional restraint, autonomy, and invulnerability, heighten susceptibility to identity disturbance following trauma while also obstructing access to the relational and emotional practices essential to healing. For many men, trauma is experienced simultaneously as a psychological injury and as a threat to an established masculine self. The internalisation of HM norms produces shame, disconnection, and emotional repression, creating conditions in which recovery often requires forms of openness and vulnerability that contradict the masculine ideals men have been socialised to uphold. This paper traces how HM functions as both a risk factor and a mode of functional resistance that shapes how trauma is experienced, narrated, and embodied. By reframing CPTSD through masculinities identity theory, we identify the need for therapeutic models that engage masculinity as an active component of trauma recovery. To address this, we introduce a masculinities-responsive clinical framework that supports the reconstruction of masculine identity as part of psychological repair: the MIMIC framework. Implications for practice and future research are discussed
Human factors in onshore and offshore wind: a scoping review.
Full text linkA safe, healthy and competent workforce in the wind power industry is essential for meeting climate goals and energy needs. Wind technicians conduct critical tasks on wind turbines often in remote, hazardous environments in onshore and offshore locations. However, industry incident data indicate safety concerns in relation to operations and maintenance work. Despite behavioural issues significantly contributing to these wind incidents, the limited human factors research in the wind sector typically focuses on design and physiology. A scoping review was carried out to examine the psychological and organisational factors that impact on wind technician safety, health, and performance. In total, 13 research articles examining human factors in wind were identified, as well as 8 items from the grey literature. A preliminary framework was developed encompassing individual, crew/team, organisational factors, and task and environmental factors. This framework can be used to direct future research and assist practitioners to design effective interventions
On the impact of greyscale imagenet pre-training for chest x-ray model transferability.
No full textStandard ImageNet pre-training relies on RGB natural images, introducing visual features such as colour and texture that may misalign with medical imaging modalities, such as chest X-rays (CXRs). In this work, we conduct a systematic analysis of greyscale ImageNet pre-training, using both three-channel and single-channel model variants, evaluating their perturbation stability, attribution alignment, and transferability. First, we train and benchmark three ResNet-50 backbones (RGB, 3c-Grey, 1c-Grey) on ImageNet-1K, using the model-vs-human framework, and find that greyscale variants improve top-1 accuracy under parametric and binary image perturbations by up to 10.9%, with average gains of 4.23–4.43% over RGB. Then, using these backbones, we transfer-learn to a CXR nodule classification task, and evaluate model generalisation across four public datasets. Greyscale variants, particularly the single-channel model, achieve up to 3.5% higher F1 scores, with average gains of 1–3% over RGB. Finally, we perform a quantified attribution analysis that reveals that greyscale models produce saliency maps with stronger alignment to expert-annotated nodules, yielding 5% higher nodule coverage and 1.7% higher IoU on average. We release our greyscale pre-trained weights to support further work on generalisable and shortcut-resistant medical imaging. https://github.com/sophie-haynes/greyscale-imagenet-for-cxr
Older adults' experiences of wellbeing through engagement with a nature-based programme: insights from activity theory and blue zones thinking.
Full text linkThis paper examines the wellbeing experiences of participants of the Silver Saplings Adventures, a nature-based programme tailored to support older adults in rural Scotland. Through qualitative interviews with 17 women aged 64–91, the study captures how participation in Silver Saplings Adventures fostered experienced improvements in physical mobility, social connection, emotional resilience, and cognitive engagement. Participants described their experiences of the programme as transformative, offering renewed purpose and deeper community ties. Findings are interpreted through an adapted version of Activity Theory, enriched with principles drawn from the Blue Zones approach to healthy aging, highlighting the value of socially meaningful and naturally integrated activities in later life. With learnings from the current programme, this can usefully guide the development of similar nature-based programmes. By drawing on the holistic value of nature-based interventions and programmes in later life, this paper argues for their greater inclusion in public health policy and practice, particularly in under-resourced or rural contexts. The discussion offers conceptual and applied insights for designing age-friendly, wellbeing-focused nature-based programmes
Beyond transformative community engagement: the evasion and contact zones of a European climate change project.
Full text linkThis paper argues that to understand how community engagement shapes relationships between Climate Change Projects (CCPs) and communities it is necessary to examine the social spaces of contact and evasion zones. In contrast to residual modernist perspectives on community engagement that tie in with assumptions about the linear and progressive relationship between transformations, knowledge and order, the social space of contact and evasion zones are better able to capture the complex, multiple and uncertain ways that community engagements reconfigure and entrench CCP and community relationships. To explore these dynamics the paper draws on ethnographic findings from a European Union (EU) Climate Change Project on Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) to illustrate how the design, planning and implementation of two community events were shaped through frictional and generative contact zones and evasion zones characterised by disconnect, stagnation and homogeneity. We argue that the implications of these dynamics were multiple and contradictory. The content and format of the community events were generated through fractious contact zones between project members which helped facilitate community events that were controllable and minimised uncertainties. Whilst this depoliticised the events and reduced the opportunities for divergent views to be recognised, it also meant that community and CCP knowledges and relations remained static leaving project partners in the dark about community dynamics that might instigate future resistance and opposition to their activities. Furthermore, whilst these evasion zones excluded community diversity, they also allowed community members to evade potential adverse entanglements with project partners and local stakeholders
Opportunities or threats: impact of digital engagement on marginalised women entrepreneurs.
Full text linkThe paper explores the experiences of social marginalization and discrimination faced by women entrepreneurs, as well as their adoption of digital resources to address these disadvantages. This study employs an interpretive approach; semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 20 women entrepreneurs in Nigeria. Findings reveal the discrimination and social marginalization faced by women entrepreneurs, which include market restrictions, difficulty to thrive, gendered expectations, sexual advancement, and the "other groups" segregation. The study further highlights how digital engagement helped women entrepreneurs overcome marginalization by expanding their market reach, transforming their businesses and creating supportive networks. However, digitalization and online presence expose them to the risk of fraud and perpetuate gender discrimination in the digital space
Colorectal cancer patients' experiences with antineoplastic agents from the perspective of their significant others: a longitudinal qualitative study.
Full text linkColorectal cancer and its treatment deeply impact patients' lives. Significant others, often family members, play crucial pre-existing roles in patients' lives and are closely involved in their care. However, there is limited understanding of the patients' treatment journey from the significant others' perspective. To explore colorectal cancer patients' experiences with antineoplastic agents from the perspective of significant others over 24 weeks. This involved a longitudinal qualitative study with 16 significant others nominated by patients with colorectal cancer. Two in-depth interviews were conducted: one at start and another after 24 weeks of treatment. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed by 2 researchers independently. Five themes were identified: Patients' perceptions and knowledge of the illness and treatment, the healthcare system in relation to the illness and treatment, patients' involvement in treatment decision-making and their experience of medicinetaking, medicine and illness-related impact on patients and others and personal support structures. Significant others observed that patients initially viewed treatment as curative but later perceived as means to extend life-expectancy. While significant others considered that concerns about aesthetics were initially prominent for the patient, fatigue and peripheral neuropathy became most impactful effects. They considered patients' experiences with cancer services to remain overall positive, particularly regarding personalised support from nurse navigators. Significant others noted that early establishment of support network was crucial for fostering resilience throughout the treatment journey. This study provides insights from significant others highlighting the complex evolution of patients' experiences and importance of establishing a personalised support network early in treatment journey
Guest editorial: special issue for the British machine vision conference (BMVC), 2024 (Glasgow, Scotland, UK).
No full textThe special issue was preceded by the British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC) 2024, held at Glasgow, Scotland, UK from 25 to 28th November, 2024. At this A-ranked conference, a total of 120 papers were submitted, with 30 being accepted for oral presentation and 233 for poster. Moreover, 12 manuscripts were shortlisted and invited to be submitted as an extension of the work presented at the conference to be included in this journal. The invited manuscripts underwent a rigorous peer-review according to the high standards of the International Journal of Computer Vision, combining the insights from the original reviewers from the conference version, plus newer insights from additional reviewers and guest editors
Early settlements of construction disputes in public projects: an archetype for reducing disagreements over delay assessments.
Full text linkThis study aims to improve early settlements of construction delay disputes via contract claims procedures. The research method includes the evaluation of twenty-one case studies, academic and grey literature and case law concerning disagreements over delay assessments. The results reveal the two primary root causes of the escalations of such disagreements from contract claims into disputes, including the fact that legal systems do not offer best or good practice guidance on delay analysis methods, and construction agreements infrequently ensure contractual certainty and a clear risk allocation for the measurement and management of delays. The proposed archetype provides (i) a useful analytical framework that enhances the construction and legal professionals' understanding of dispute causation and (ii) an integrated solution that incorporates contractual and procedural reforms and technological solutions, ensuring the production and distribution of reliable source materials, mechanisms that improve contractual certainty, and a reduction in the data repositories and the professionals currently involved in the assessment of delays
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