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MDDNet: multilevel difference-enhanced denoise network for unsupervised change detection in SAR images.
Get PDFChange detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is a hot yet highly challenging task in remote sensing. Existing unsupervised SAR change detection methods often struggle with inherent speckle noise and insufficiently utilize pseudo-labels, particularly neglecting uncertain areas. In this paper, we propose a multilevel difference-enhanced denoise dual-branch network (MDDNet), comprising representation learning and change detection branches. First, fuzzy c-means clustering is employed to generate pseudo-labels, categorizing the image areas as changed, nochanged, and uncertain. Second, we design a denoise representation loss function in the representation learning branch to maximize the use of pseudo-labels, while mitigating speckle noise. Furthermore, a multilevel difference computation module is proposed to focus on changes in ground objects and capture more comprehensive change information. Experimental results on three public SAR datasets show that the proposed method outperforms six state-of-the-art methods, achieving the best performance with an average overall accuracy of 98.86% and an average Kappa coefficient of 89.36%
Neutron diffraction assessment at extreme temperatures to gain insights into the performance of thermocouple coatings. Part 2. [Dataset]
No full textThis project investigates the behaviour of Chromel-Alumel K-type thermocouples under extreme temperature conditions, focusing on coatings produced through thermal spray processes. These thermocouples, widely used in industrial and aerospace applications, experience phase changes that can compromise temperature accuracy, particularly in cryogenic environments. While bulk material behaviour is well-documented, the performance of thin films and coatings remains poorly understood, especially under high and low temperatures
Comparison of match running demands between U18, reserve and first-team footballers.
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to investigate differences in match running demands between first-team, reserve, and U18 footballers. A retrospective, season-long study of 37 male professional footballers was undertaken. Total distance, low-intensity running distance, running distance, sprinting distance, maximum velocity attained, acceleration efforts frequency and deceleration efforts frequency were all covered. The findings suggest that increasing the capacity of players to perform high-intensity actions should be a key focus of practitioners aiming to physically develop players for first team football
Fabrication and characterisation of electrodeposited silver current collectors for metal-supported solid oxide electrolysis cells.
No full textThis work pioneers an efficient and scalable fabrication approach of silver (Ag) current collector (CC) layer on a porous stainless steel (SS-316L) tubular substrate for solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC). An Ag layer was fabricated on porous SS support using the electrodeposition technique. The highest current density 283 mA/cm2 was achieved with an optimised concentration of 0.1 M of AgNO3 solution containing 5.0% HNO3 and an applied voltage of 2.0 V. It has been found that the strong acidic medium facilitates the migration of silver cations under controlled voltage towards the cathode. The structural properties were analysed by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to confirm the phase purity and structural properties of silver layer. The deposited Ag was a bright, uniform and well-adhered coating with an average coating thickness of 28 m in the sintered tube. An improved electrochemical performance was attributed to the Ag-coated sample (σ = 1.24 × 10-4 S.cm-1) measured by impedance spectroscopy. The cyclic voltammetry studies of Ag coating reveal pseudo-capacitive behaviour due to its relatively low storage capacity. Ag-coated SS stable cathodic polarisation behaviour at higher potential (>1.99 V) with relatively higher corrosion potential (Ecorr = -0.05 V) signifies better corrosion resistant. AC impedance spectroscopy at 800 °C demonstrated that silver-coated SS current collector reduces area-specific resistance to 2.16 Ω·cm² in complete SOECs (SS/NiO-YSZ/GDC/LSCF-YSZ). This work underscores the transformative potential of Ag-coated SS tubular substrates can be used as an efficient cathode current collector, enhancing contact resistance, offering a promising route in developing next-generation SOEC
Head Shot! Artefacts of interventionist play: Joseph DeLappe’s extended screenshots.
No full textIn this chapter DeLappe and Leuzzi argue that screenshots and other artefacts created to document Joseph DeLappe's performative, activist, and interventionist actions within contemporary game spaces are at once inspired by war photography while also functioning to expand, question, and problematise documents of violence, whether virtual or real. A selection of key works from DeLappe's oeuvre is considered and analysed, including examples on online gaming performance, early digital photo montage "screenshots", and analogue artefacts including drawings and sculptures. The works is considered as representing an operational modality where what happens on the screen, when captured, becomes both document and expanded expression of computer-based artistic and activist content
Techno-economic assessments of electrolyzers for hydrogen production.
Get PDFThis review provides a comprehensive techno-economic assessment of four leading electrolyzer technologies such as the Alkaline Water Electrolyzers (AWE), Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzers, Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cells (SOEC), and Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) systems for green hydrogen production. Drawing on more than 40 peer-reviewed studies and real-world deployment scenarios, the analysis compares performance indicators such as levelised cost of hydrogen (LCOH), capital expenditure (CAPEX), operating expenditure (OPEX), efficiency, stack durability, and water treatment requirements. AWE is identified as the most cost-effective option for baseload power contexts, while PEM offers superior dynamic response and gas purity at a higher cost. SOECs, despite their high theoretical efficiency, remain limited by thermal cycling and material degradation. AEMs, though less mature, hold promise for low-cost, decentralized hydrogen production. Cost of electricity is more than 64 % of LCOH in all technologies, so it is important to match electrolyzers with stable or hybrid renewable energy resources such as geothermal, wind-solar, or Concentrated Solar Power (CSP). Optimisation methods such as genetic algorithms and GIS-based siting also enhance system performance and economic value. The report also considers regional and policy dimensions of deployment, underlining the need for site-specific solutions in the context of local energy portfolios, water supply, and infrastructure readiness. Recommendations are provided for advancing membrane longevity, integrating smart control systems, and optimizing techno-economic assessment models. This study is a policy decision-making tool for policymakers, investors, and researchers who are interested in accelerating the global scale-up of green hydrogen using context-relevant and economically viable electrolyzer technologies
Agentic CBR in action: empowering loan approvals through interactive, counterfactual explanations.
Get PDFLarge Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive conversational capabilities, yet their susceptibility to hallucinations and inconsistent recommendations poses significant risks in high-stakes domains such as finance. This paper presents an interactive chatbot for loan application guidance that leverages a case-based reasoning (CBR) approach to generate actionable counterfactual explanations within an agentic framework. Our system employs a supervisor agent, built using the LangGraph framework, to orchestrate four specialised agents: a classifier agent that provides an initial loan prediction, a causally-aware counterfactual explanation agent that proposes minimal yet feasible modifications to reverse an unfavourable decision, a Feature Actionability Taxonomy (FAT) agent that updates user-specific immutability constraints based on feedback, and a template-based natural language generation (NLG) agent that transforms counterfactual suggestions into clear, user-friendly explanations. A key strength of our design is the automated feedback loop: when users indicate that certain suggestions are unworkable, the FAT agent revises the constraints and instructs the counterfactual generation agent to produce a refined explanation. We detail the system architecture and workflow and outline an experimental plan that compares our full agentic chatbot to ablated variants and a LLM-Only Baseline. And finally we outline a planned user study to evaluate how controlled reasoning affects trust in high-stakes lending
Numerical investigations on the effects of inertia on the startup dynamics of a multibladed Savonius wind turbine.
Get PDFThe startup dynamics of wind turbines have a direct impact on their cut-in speed and thus their capacity factor, considering highly transient winds in urban environments. Due to the complex nature of the startup dynamics, the published research on it is severely lacking. Unless the startup dynamics and cut-in speed of a wind turbine are known, it is difficult to evaluate its capacity factor and levelized cost of energy (LCoE) for commercial viability. In this study, a Savonius vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) has been considered and its startup dynamics evaluated using numerical techniques. Moreover, the effects of turbine inertia, arising from bearing frictional losses, generator load, etc., on the startup dynamics have been studied. Advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based solvers have been utilized for this purpose. The flow-induced rotation of the turbine blades has been modeled using a six degree of freedom (6DoF) approach. Turbine inertia has been modeled using the mass moment of inertia of the turbine rotor and systematically increased to mimic the additional inertia and losses due to bearings and the generator. The results indicate that inertia has a significant impact on the startup dynamics of the VAWT. It was observed that as the turbine inertia increased, it took longer for the turbine to reach its steady or peak operational speed. Increasing the inertia by 10%, 20% and 30% increased the time taken by the turbine to reach its peak rotational speed by 13.3%, 16.7% and 23.2%, respectively. An interesting observation from the results obtained is that an increase in turbine inertia does not change the peak rotational speed. For the Savonius rotor considered, the peak rotational speed remained 122 rpm, and its tip speed ratio (TSR) remained 0.6 while increasing the turbine inertia
Computer security: ESORICS 2024 international workshops: revised selected papers from the proceedings of eleven international workshops held in conjunction with the 29th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS 2024), 16-20 September 2024, Bydgoszcz, Poland. Part II.
Get PDFThis two-volume set LNCS 15263 and LNCS 15264 constitutes the refereed proceedings of eight International Workshops which were held in conjunction with the 29th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security, ESORICS 2024, in Bydgoszcz, Poland, during September 19–20, 2024
Workshop to compile evidence on the impacts of offshore renewable energy on fisheries and marine ecosystems (WKCOMPORE).
Get PDFThis report provides a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the current state-of-the art in available evidence and science concerning the economic, social, and ecological impacts of offshore wind farms (OWF) and floating offshore wind farms (FLOW) on fisheries in the Baltic Sea, Celtic Seas, and Greater North Sea. It describes the observed and potential economic, social, ecological and cumulative impacts of OWF and FLOW, with a focus on the scope of the existing evidence base, data and methods to assess impacts, and mitigation options to avoid or reduce unwanted impacts. Overall, the workshop to compile evidence on the impacts of offshore renewable energy on fisheries and marine ecosystems (WKCOMPORE) highlights the need for additional high-resolution data, comprehensive assessments, and stakeholder involvement to better understand and mitigate the impacts of OWF and FLOW on fisheries and marine ecosystems
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