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Numerical analysis and life cycle assessment of type V hydrogen pressure vessels.
Get PDFThe growing concern about greenhouse gas emissions and global warming has heightened the focus on sustainability across industrial sectors. As a result, hydrogen energy has emerged as a versatile and promising solution for various engineering applications. Among its storage options, Type V composite pressure vessels are particularly attractive because they eliminate the need for a polymer liner during manufacturing, significantly reducing material usage and enhancing their environmental benefit. However, limited research has explored the pressure performance and life cycle assessment of these vessels. To address this gap, this study investigates the pressure performance and carbon emissions of a Type V hydrogen pressure vessel using four composite materials: Kevlar/Epoxy, Basalt/Epoxy, E-Glass/Epoxy, and Carbon T-700/Epoxy. The results reveal that Carbon T-700/Epoxy is the most suitable material for high-pressure hydrogen storage due to its superior mechanical properties, including the highest burst pressure, maximum stress capacity, and minimal deformation under loading. Conversely, the LCA results, supported by insights from a large language model (LLM), show that Basalt/Epoxy provides a more sustainable option, exhibiting notably lower global warming potential (GWP) and acidification potential (AP). These findings highlight the trade-offs between mechanical performance and environmental impact, offering valuable insights for sustainable hydrogen storage design
MADONNA: browser-based malicious domain detection using optimized neural network by leveraging AI and feature analysis.
Get PDFDetecting malicious domains is a critical aspect of cybersecurity, with recent advancements leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance accuracy and speed. However, existing browser-based solutions often struggle to achieve both high accuracy and efficient throughput. In this paper, we present MADONNA, a novel browser-based malicious domain detector that exceeds the current state-of-the-art in both accuracy and throughput. MADONNA utilizes feature selection through correlation analysis and model optimization techniques, including pruning and quantization, to significantly enhance detection speed without compromising accuracy. Our approach employs a Shallow Neural Network (SNN) architecture, outperforming Large Language Models (LLMs) and state-of-the-art methods by improving accuracy by 6% (reaching 0.94) and F1-score by 4% (reaching 0.92). We further integrated MADONNA into a Google Chrome extension, demonstrating its practical application with a real-time domain detection accuracy of 94% and an average inference time of 0.87 s. These results highlight MADONNA's effectiveness in balancing speed and accuracy, providing a scalable, real-world solution for malicious domain detection
Challenges and opportunities for informal female entrepreneurs in Nigeria using the 5M framework.
Get PDFThis paper examines how informal female entrepreneurs (IFEs) navigate the intersecting challenges of informality, gender, and patriarchy and how they develop coping strategies to remain in business. We draw on the existing "5M" framework to highlight how the embeddedness of money, motherhood, management, market, and the macro/meso environment dimensions influence female entrepreneur's experiences in Nigeria. The interpretivist phenomenological approach is adopted to understand the challenges and opportunities available to IFEs in Nigeria. Preliminary data were collected using an online questionnaire, and 20 semi-structured interviews. The result uncovers several challenges, including institutional voids, high inflation rates, work-life balance and limited business opportunities. The findings demonstrate how IFEs streamline products and service offerings to suit perceived structural inequalities while developing coping strategies to remain in business. However, growth opportunities are evidenced through innovativeness and resource pooling within informal communities. This research recommends the opportunities available to IFEs, which could provide a better business environment if harnessed. In addition, we highlight the need for further research on female entrepreneurship in the context of developing economies. We advance research on the contextual embeddedness of informal female entrepreneurship in a unique context where patriarchal structures remain strong. Empirically, it contributes to the literature by examining the intersection of informality, gender and patriarchy to understand the complex nature of informal female entrepreneurship in Nigeria. It further provides insights into the challenges that lead to continuous informality using a gendered lens- 5M framework
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for chronic adhesive capsulitis in type 2 diabetics: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
No full textThe objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of chronic adhesive capsulitis in the type 2 diabetes population. This study is a systematic review with meta-analysis. The search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, UK Clinical Trial Gateway and grey literature from 2012 to 2023. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data through Covidence and the quality was evaluated using Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. Meta-analyses were conducted to quantify within group change and comparative effectiveness. Five hundred and seventy-four studies were identified, and 7 studies included (n = 352 participants). This study included Type 2 diabetic adults (>18years) diagnosed with primary or secondary adhesive capsulitis. This review and meta-analysis included studies comparing extracorporeal shock wave therapy with conservative management. The primary outcome was pain. Secondary outcomes included range of movement and disability. Meta-analysis using Bayesian method of within group change showed consistent improvement for pain (-5.7 [95% CrI = -7 to -4.5] cm), range of movement (2.6 [95% CrI = 1.4 to 3.8]), and disability (3.6 [95% credible interval = 2.3 to 4.9]). Consistent evidence of improvements favoring extracorporeal shock wave therapy over conservative management was identified for all outcomes. Study heterogeneity had limited influence on non-controlled effect sizes, whereas limited controlled effect sizes lowered the confidence for outcomes of range of movement and disability. Limitations included low number of studies, poor methodological quality, and non-adherence to reporting guidelines. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for treatment of adhesive capsulitis was shown to reduce pain and improve range of motion and disability in the type 2 diabetes population. These results should be interpreted with caution and high-quality randomized controlled studies are required to establish best-practice extracorporeal shock wave therapy protocols regarding application position, dosage, and duration. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy may improve pain, range of movement, and disability in Type 2 Diabetics with adhesive capsulitis
Enhancing network intrusion detection with stacked deep and reinforcement learning models.
Get PDFThis study investigates the effectiveness of Ensemble Learning (EL) techniques by integrating reproducible Deep Learning (DL) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) models to enhance network intrusion detection. Through a systematic review of the literature, the most effective DL and RL models from 2020 to 2024 were identified based on their F1 scores and reproducibility, focusing on recent advancements in network intrusion detection. A structured normalisation and evaluation process allowed for an objective comparison of model performances. The best performing DL and RL models were subsequently integrated using a stacking ensemble technique, chosen for its ability to combine the complementary strengths of the DL and RL models. Experimental validation in a benchmark dataset confirmed the high accuracy and robust detection capabilities of the model, outperforming the individual DL and RL models to detect network intrusions in multiple classes. This research demonstrates the potential of ensemble methods for advancing Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs), offering a scalable and effective solution for dynamic cybersecurity environments
Assessing security vulnerabilities in Sri Lankan banking mobile applications: challenges and solutions.
Get PDFMobile banking plays a crucial role in Sri Lanka's financial sector, offering convenience through self-service technologies. Despite its rapid adoption, concerns about security continue to affect customer trust, underscoring the critical need for enhanced protections and user experience. This study examines the security vulnerabilities present in mobile banking applications in Sri Lanka, evaluating their compliance with established security standards and the effectiveness of their security measures. Utilizing a quantitative methodology, the research employed the Mobile Security Framework (MobSF) to conduct static analysis on 17 mobile banking and digital wallet applications, selected to comprehensively represent nearly all mobile banking apps available in Sri Lanka. The findings reveal significant security flaws, including weak encryption methods, insecure data storage practices, and the absence of runtime integrity checks, resulting in widespread deviation from best practices. Most applications were classified as medium risk due to notable vulnerabilities. The research underscores the need for enhanced security protocols to safeguard user data, uphold customer trust, and ensure compliance with regulatory standards. It also identifies key areas for future research, including the integration of dynamic analysis, implementing real-time threat monitoring, and improving user awareness to mitigate risks and enhance the security landscape of mobile banking in Sri Lanka
Parasitic projects and the politics of research-creation.
No full textThis chapter considers the possibility of a 'symmetrical' anthropology by examining three 'parasitic' projects – collaborative, public projects at the borders of art and anthropology, which address the politics of authorship, intimacy and knowledge – I have recently undertaken. I consider these and their processes of making through the lens of the parasite, drawing attention to tensions between language and image, in the work of collaboration and translation across cultures, form and time, and to disruptive parasitic qualities including repetition, interruption, and translations, asking how these might serve to create 'new logics ... new orders of exchange'. By bringing such disruptive parasitic qualities into play, this chapter questions whether such work (whether understood as artistic practice, research-creation, or art-anthropology) carries the speculative potential to event concepts, by which I mean, concepts 'express' events, 'creating propositional paths to follow'. I then reflect on the rise of research-creation as way of thinking about research and art in parasitic relation
Neutron diffraction assessment at extreme temperatures to gain insights into the performance of thermocouple coatings. Part 1. [Dataset]
No full textThis project investigates the behaviour of Chromel-Alumel K-type thermocouples under extreme temperature conditions, focusing on coatings produced through thermal spray processes. These thermocouples, widely used in industrial and aerospace applications, experience phase changes that can compromise temperature accuracy, particularly in cryogenic environments. While bulk material behaviour is well-documented, the performance of thin films and coatings remains poorly understood, especially under high and low temperatures
An international portrait of pharmacists' professional role identities: a Q-methodology innovative study.
Get PDFProfessional identities shape who pharmacists are, what they do, and what they stand for as professionals. Novel research methodologies have potential to illuminate pharmacists' professional identity and roles in new and innovative ways. This study aimed to explore international pharmacists' identity through reflection on their professional roles. Q Methodology, which uses quantitative techniques to systematically study subjectivity, was used to allow for an in-depth analysis of professional identity. The participants were self-identified pharmacists working in patient-facing roles who attended the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) Congress in Brisbane, Australia, from September 24–28, 2023. They completed Q methodology online activities to sort the Q-Set within a fixed quasi-normal distribution grid. Twenty participants completed the Q-Sort activity. Participants came from 10 countries (five of the six World Health Organization regions), two thirds identified as women and approximately one third practiced in hospital and community pharmacy settings, respectively. Three factor arrays are described, which explain 52 % of the variance; Factor 1: Pharmacists as autonomous healthcare providers AND clinical team members; Factor 2: Pharmacists as healthcare providers for individual patients; and Factor 3: Pharmacists as managers first, then healthcare providers. This study offers a new perspective, revealing how various roles may converge to form a pharmacist's professional role identity: for example, autonomous healthcare providers AND clinical team members AND patient-focused practitioners AND leaders mindful of management responsibilities. Viewing the Q Methodology with a systems thinking lens illuminates pharmacists' professional identities as neither a mere sum of the roles and services they provide, nor represented by a singular aspect of their professional work. Recognizing the complexity of the pharmacists' identities as individuals helps to break free from the cognitive dissonance that has plagued the profession suggesting that professional identity is represented by singular or often competing roles as the scope of pharmacy practice evolves
Unveiling the durability, friction, and wear behaviour of nanodiamond composite films deposited on biased cemented carbide with varying Al interlayer thickness.
Get PDFNanodiamond composite (NDC) films were deposited on biased cemented carbide (WC−6 wt. % Co) substrates using a coaxial arc plasma deposition technique, incorporating sputtered aluminium (Al) interlayers with varying thicknesses (0,50, 100, 300, and 500 nm). This study systematically investigates the durability, friction, and wear behaviour of NDC films, focusing on optimizing Al interlayer thickness to enhance performance in dry and harsh machining conditions. The primary objective was to mitigate interfacial catalytic reactions, particularly Co-induced graphitization, which adversely affect adhesion and mechanical integrity. Experimental findings identified a 100 nm Al interlayer as the optimal configuration, forming a protective Al₂O₃ layer that effectively suppressed graphitization. This resulted in significant improvements in coating performance, including a 79 % increase in adhesion strength, as indicated by a critical load of 17 N for full spallation during scratch testing, and a 62 % enhancement in wear resistance, yielding a wear rate of 7.85 × 10−8 mm³/N.m. Simultaneously, the coefficient of friction (COF) decreased by 71 % compared to the uncoated substrate, maintaining a stable value of 0.09 during dry sliding tests against a rough Al₂O₃ counterpart. The exceptional tribological performance of the optimized NDC coatings is attributed to multiple factors. The refined nanostructure, featuring a dense grain boundary network, facilitated the formation of a lubricating graphitic layer, contributing to low and stable friction. Additionally, the high hardness (75 GPa) and Young's modulus (724 GPa) provided superior wear resistance and load-bearing capacity. These results underscore the potential of Al interlayers to significantly enhance the tribological performance of NDC coatings. However, the improvements in durability remain limited by the low adhesion strength, which remains a critical factor for cutting tools operating under dry machining conditions
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