Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences
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The Activity of Cainito Leaves Ethanol Extract (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) on Wistar’s Total Erythrocites Induced Cyclophosphamide
No full textOne of the commonly used chemotherapy drugs is cyclophosphamide. However, the use of cyclophosphamide can provide various toxic effects. The most common toxic effect of cyclophosphamide is bone marrow suppression with anemia as one of its markers. The antioxidant content of cainito leaf potentially increase the production of blood cells, especially erythrocytes. The aims of this study is determining the effectiveness of the cainito leaf ethanol extract against cyclophosphamide induced mouse erythrocyte count in vivo. A sample of 20 male wistar rats was divided into five groups; normal group, negative control group, and three groups of ethanol extract of cainito leaf with dose 100 mg/kgBW, 200 mg/kgBW, and 400 mg/kgBW were administered for one week followed by intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide with dose 50 mg/kgBW as much as one time. One Way Anova Test result showed a significance of 0.015 (p<0.05). However, the LSD test results showed no significant different results between the negative control group and the treatment group. The conclusion was that there was no difference in the amount of erythrocytes in mice given only cyclophosphamide with previous rats given cainito extract
The Antibacterial Effect of Ethanol Edamame Seeds (Glycine Max (L) Merril) Extract to E.coli Bacteria
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Infectious diseases can occur in all parts of the body. One of the causes infection in humans is Eschericiae coli bacteria. Eschericiae coli is a rod-shaped bacteria, a gram negative bacteria, facultative aerobics and classified family member of Enterobacteriaceae from the Gammaproteobacteria class. Along the times, E.coli bacteria have resistent to some antibiotics. So we need a new alternative. There is a antibacterial substance in the isoflavon group contained in edamame. Genistein is a main isoflavon in edamame that have antiinflammation, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects. The purpose of this study was to determine is there any antibacterial effects in ethanol edamame seeds extract to E.coli bacteria. This study used a true experimental research design in vitro with a post test only control group design. The average diameter results of the inhibition zone were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis method and obtained p = 0.001 which means there are significant differences in at least two groups. After that, the Mann Whitney post hoc test was conducted and a significant difference was found in the positive and negative control groups for all groups but there was no difference in the treatment group, both groups K1, K2 and K3 for all groups.
Keywords : Edamame, Antibacterial, E.col
Hepatoprotector Effect of Coconut Water (Cocos nucifera L.) and Folic Acid to the Liver Histopathological Desccription of Pregnant Wistar Female Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Induced by Carbamate
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Carbamate is an insecticide with a working mechanism that inhibits the enzyme acetylcholineestrase (AChE). Obstacles to AChE will cause the formation of excessive free radicals in the body causing oxidative stress and causing lipid peroxidation in body cells, including hepatocyte cells in the liver. Pregnant women have a change in detoxification activity in the liver due to exposure to xenobiotic substances during pregnancy causing a decrease in cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) which will cause an increase in free radicals and can damage liver cells. Coconut water contains antioxidants that can neutralize free radicals in the body. While folic acid can encourage improvement in morphology of liver cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the hepatoprotector effect of coconut water and folic acid on the histopathology of the liver of pregnant female wistar rats induced by carbamate. The design of this study is true experimental with a post test only control group design. The sampling method used is simple random sampling. The number of samples in this study were 28 rats divided into 4 groups K (aquades), P1 (carbamate), P2 (carbamate and coconut water), and P3 (carbamate and folic acid). At the end of the study rat liver was taken to then become histological preparations. The One Way ANOVA test results showed a significant difference between groups compared (p <0.05). Post hoc LSD test results showed that group P1 had damaged liver histopathology, there were significant differences with group K and P3 (p <0.05), but there were no significant differences when compared with group P2 (p = 0.826). Meanwhile, the P3 group had significant differences when compared with all groups (p <0.05). The conclusion of this study is that giving coconut water cannot prevent liver damage due to carbamate induction, while folic acid has been shown to prevent liver damage due to carbamate induction, from liver histopathology.
Keywords: carbamate, coconut water, folic acid, liver histopatholog
An Analysis of Feeding Pattern Factors in Infants at Kencong Public Health Center: -
Get PDFThe feeding pattern in toddler is an effort and a way for mothers to provide food to toddler with the aim that the toddler eating needs are sufficient, both in quantity and nutritional value. There are factors that influence the feeding pattern in toddler, namely the level of maternal knowledge about toddler nutrition, maternal education level, household income, mother's occupation, and the number of family members. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the feeding pattern in toddler at ​​Kencong Public Health Center. The type of research that will be conducted is analytical survey research with a cross sectional approach. The sample of this study is mothers who have children aged 12 months to 59 months in the working area of ​​Kencong Public Health Center. The sample size in this study is 70 samples using stratified random sampling. The majority of the sex of the toddler in this study were male and aged 12-36 months. The majority of mothers in this study are aged 26-35 years, graduated from high school, did not work, have sufficient knowledge of toddler nutrition, and included to have sufficient toddler feeding patterns. The majority has small family and the household income of the respondents was mostly below the regional minimum wage. The results of this study there are factors that influence the feeding pattern in toddler in the work area of ​​Kencong Public Health Center; there are the mother's education level (p= 0,000 dan r= 0,824), the level of maternal knowledge about toddler nutrition (p= 0,000 dan r= 0,895) and household income (p= 0,000) which means the degree of correlation in the category is very strong.
Keywords: The feeding pattern in toddler, the factors that influence the feeding pattern in toddle
The extract of kemangi leaves as inhibitor of biofilm from Staphylococcus aureus in vitro
No full textBiofilm is a mechanism of bacterial defense against antimicrobials that can cause resistance. Staphylococcus aureus is a biofilm-producing bacteria and the most often cause of skin and soft tissue infections. Therefore, efforts are needed to prevent the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Basil leaves are herbal plants that contain eugenol and tannin compounds, which are thought to inhibit the formation of biofilms. This research is a laboratory experimental study that aims to prove the effect of basil leaves ethanol extract (Ocimum sanctum) on the establishment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms with in vitro method and determine the minimum inhibitory biofilm concentration needed. In this study, the tube method with 7 different concentrations was used. The results of biofilm ring formation obtained and measured quantitatively using Mean Gray Value in Adobe Photoshop CS6. From the study’s results, is found that the increase in extract concentration is directly proportional to the thinning of the biofilm ring on the tube with a minimum inhibitory concentration of biofilm at a concentration of 30%. The Pearson correlation test showed a very strong and significant correlation (r = 0.898, p = 0,000), and the Oneway ANOVA comparison test known a significant difference among the mean of each group (p = 0,000). From these results it can be known that the ethanol extract Ocimum sanctum can inhibit the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in vitro
Reduction of Blood Glucose Levels by Apple Vinegar in Mice Induced by Dexamethasone
Get PDFThe number of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the world is 425 million in 2017. The use of antidiabetic drugs usually lasts long enough with high side effects. Therefore, an alternative treatment with lower side effects and the efficacy same with synthetic drugs is needed. One of alternative treatment is apple fruit which can be processed into apple vinegar. Several studies have found the hypoglycemic effect of apple cider vinegar in various dosages. The author wants to know the reduction of blood glucose levels and the effective dose of apple vinegar in reducing blood glucose levels in mice induced by dexamethasone. The type of research is true experimental laboratories with pre and post-test with control group design. This study used 28 mice. Mice were given dexamethasone for 10 days to induce hyperglycemia. After experiencing hyperglycemia, mice were divided into 7 groups consisting of negative control group, positive control group, and treatment group of 0.0625 mL apple cider vinegar, 0.125 mL, 0.25 mL, 0.5 mL, and 1 mL. The research data obtained ΔGDP in each group. Furthermore, the reduction in glucose levels is calculated. Effective dose calculation by regression analysis using percentage reduction of blood glucose levels curve. The final results showed the maximum effective dose of apple vinegar in reducing blood glucose levels is 0.341 mL with percentage reduction of blood glucose levels is 18.6%
The Relationship Duration of Sitting and Work Posture Risk with LBP in Library Staff University of Jember
Get PDFLow back pain (LBP) is one of the occupational diseases caused by non-ergonomic conditions. The global point prevalence of LBP which limits activity in 2015 was 7.3%. This figure shows that in one time there were 540 million people who experienced LBP. As many as 90% of cases of low back pain are not caused by organic abnormalities but by errors in body position at work. Risk factors that have the potential to cause complaints include age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), smoking habits, work period, poor work posture, and standing or sitting too long. This study aims to determine the relationship between duration of sitting and risk of work posture with the level of LBP complaints in Jember University library employees. The type of research used was analytic observational with cross sectional study design. The sampling technique is done by total sampling. The research samples were University Library staff in Jember who experienced LBP complaints and in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study. The sample size was 22 respondents. The instruments of this study were respondent characteristics questionnaire sheets, LBP screening sheets, and Modified Quick Exposure Check (QEC) assessment sheets. Bivariate analysis using the gamma correlation test. The results of the bivariate analysis between duration of sitting and LBP complaint rates obtained p = 0.827. The results of the bivariate analysis between the risk of work posture and LBP complaints were obtained p = 0.916. The two results of the analysis indicate that there is no significant relationship between the duration of sitting and the risk of work posture with the level of LBP complaints in Jember University library employees.
Keywords: low back pain, duration of sitting, work posture, library staf
The Effect of Isotoma longiflora Leaves Extract to The Cornea Neovascularization of Wistar Rats Chemical Trauma Model
Get PDFEye chemical trauma was an eye trauma caused by a substance with a pH<7 (acid) and pH>7 (alkali). Chemical trauma can be caused by pesticides. In Indonesia, 78.9% of farmers had eye complaints due to pesticides exposure. The occurrence of alkali chemical trauma of eye could cause cornea neovascularization (CNV). Alkali chemical trauma caused intense inflammation resulting a vascularization of the cornea that was supposed to be avascular. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of Isotoma longiflora leaves extract the cornea neovascularization of wistar rats chemical trauma model. This research used true experimental design method with post-test only controlled group design. The sample of this study were 30 male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into six groups, 1 positive control group (dexamethasone 0.1%), 1 negative control group (DMSO 0,1%), and 4 treatment groups of Isotoma longiflora leaves extract (0.25 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 2 mg/ml). The result of Shapiro-Wilk and Levene's test showed that p>0.05 that means the data was normally distributed and has the same variant. One Way ANOVA test results obtained significant differences between groups on the 7th day (p=0.001). The result of Post Hoc LSD test showed that group P3 and P4 were significantly different to negative control, P1 and P2 groups. P3 and P4 groups with 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml Isotoma longiflora leaves extract could inhibit cornea neovascularization
Comparison Of The Effect Of Vitamin E And Rosmarinic Acid On Expression Of P65 NF-KB Subunit In Diabetes Rat
Get PDFOne of the causes of diabetic nephropathy (ND) that have important role is the increase of free radicals due to high levels of glucose which causes oxidative stress. Oxidative stress activates Angiotensin II and the transcription factor of Nuclear Factor kappa B (NFKb). Prevention and slowing down of ND progression is by using antioxidants. The example of antioxidants are Vitamin E and Rosmarinic Acid (RA). Vitamin E is a conventional antioxidant while RA is a potent antioxidant that also has anti-inflammatory effects. This laboratory experimental study aimed to compare the effects of Vitamin E and RA on the expression of NFKb p-65 in glomelurus of type 2 diabetes rats. NFKb expression of p-65 of positive control increased significantly compared to negative controls (p <0.001), Vitamin E and RA were able to reduce NFKb expression compared to positive controls (p = 0.022 and p = 0.001). respectively there was no significant difference between NFKb expression in the Vitamin E group and Rosmarinic acid but RA decreased better than Vitamin E. It can be concluded that AR had a better effect compared to Vitamin E on the decrease in NFKb p-65 expression in glomelurus type 2 diabetes rats.
Keyword: Diabetic nephropathy, Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-Kb), Rosmarinic Acid, Vitamin
Subacute Stent Thrombosis: Case Series Analysis
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Perkembangan penanganan penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) mengalami kemajuan pesat. Pada era percutaneus coronary intervention (PCI) mortalitas dan morbiditas PJK menurun dengan penempatan stent pada area stenosis. Namun, manajemen ini masih menyisakan masalah baru berupa stent trombosis (ST) akut sekitar 0,5-2,2% dari total kasus dengan mortalitas 45%. Beberapa faktor seperti prosedur intervensi, pasien dan karakteristik lesi serta resistensi platelet menjadi pemicu kejadian ST. Kemajuan industri stent, perkembangan prosedur intervensi, dan preparasi pasien dapat menekan kejadian ST, namun resistensi antiplatelet sebagai pemicu ST pada masing-masing individu belum dapat diprediksi.