Leading & Enlightening Journal UMY
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Biocontrol Strategies Using Streptomyces spp. and Trichoderma spp. against the Sugarcane Smut Pathogen Sporisorium scitamineum: An in Vitro Study
No full textSporisorium scitamineum is a Basidiomycota pathogen that causes smut disease in sugarcane plants. The pathogen can infect all types of sugarcane, with the extent of damage depending on the plant's susceptibility. Farmers rely on chemical pesticides to control S. scitamineum , but these pesticides have negative environmental impacts. Using Trichoderma sp. and Streptomyces sp. as biocontrol has been proven against fungal infections and is safe for the environment. This study evaluated the potential of Trichoderma sp. and Streptomyces sp. against S. scitamineum under in vitro conditions. Each of the three isolates of Trichoderma sp. and Streptomyces sp. was assessed using the VOC (Volatile Organic Compound), chitinase enzyme, and in vitro antagonistic assays. The results indicated that Streptomyces spp. demonstrated higher chitinase activity compared to Trichoderma spp., with isolate ST1 having the highest chitinase index at 3.7%. VOC test demonstrated that Streptomyces spp. markedly inhibited the mycelial growth of S. scitamineum, attaining inhibition rates of up to 82%. Conversely, Trichoderma spp. exhibited enhanced antagonistic activity via direct interaction, with isolate TD2 suppressing pathogen growth by 82% in dual-culture assays. The findings show that Streptomyces spp. and Trichoderma spp. suppressed S. scitamineum in different but complementary ways. The study shows that they could be used as environmentally friendly biological control agents to manage sugarcane smut
Teacher Scaffolding in Haiku-Based Language Learning in an Indonesian Elementary School
No full textThis study examines teacher scaffolding in haiku-based language learning through the lens of Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, particularly the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). Haiku, a traditional Japanese poetic form consisting of seventeen syllables arranged in a 5–7–5 pattern, is characterized by its simplicity and depth of meaning, making it suitable for language learning at the elementary level. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach involving sixth-grade students at Muhammadiyah 3 Elementary School in Sidoarjo, who possess basic exposure to Japanese language learning. Data were collected through classroom observations, interviews, and documentation of students’ written work and were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, encompassing data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that students’ haiku writing within their ZPD was significantly supported by teacher scaffolding. Three forms of scaffolding were identified: procedural scaffolding to guide haiku structure, metacognitive scaffolding to promote reflection on syllable patterns and lexical choice, and social scaffolding through peer interaction and collaborative learning. These forms of support enabled the majority of students to compose haiku in accordance with the required conventions. This study contributes to the development of contextual and communicative language learning strategies for elementary education, particularly in the integration of literary forms into foreign language instruction
ESG Score and Cost of Debt: Evidence from Indonesia
No full textResearch aims: This study explores the influence of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices on corporate debt costs. The primary objective is to determine whether comprehensive ESG adherence can function as a mechanism to reduce financial liabilities by lowering borrowing costs.Design/Methodology/Approach: The research employs a quantitative methodology, using a dataset of ESG scores from 635 firm-year observations in Indonesian data covering 2013-2022, and analyzes it using OLS regression. The analytical approach involves comparing corporate debt costs with overall ESG scores and with the disaggregated ESG scores independently.Research findings: ESG scores are associated with lower debt costs. However, when the components are analyzed separately, only the Governance score shows a statistically significant negative correlation with debt costs. Environmental and Social scores do not demonstrate a meaningful standalone effect. It suggests that creditors place greater emphasis on governance-related factors in assessing credit risk.Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study makes a significant contribution to the literature on sustainable finance by providing empirical evidence of the differential impact of ESG components on corporate financing costs. It advances understanding of how ESG factors, particularly governance, shape firms’ financial outcomes.Practitioner/Policy implication: The results highlight the strategic importance of governance-focused ESG initiatives for firms seeking to lower financing costs. Policymakers and corporate strategists should recognize the value creditors place on governance practices and incorporate this insight into ESG frameworks and disclosure standards
The Effectiveness of Self-Hypnosis as a Non-pharmacological Approach on Post-Cesarean Pain Relief
No full textEffective postoperative pain management after caesarean section (C-section) is essential to prevent delayed recovery and prolonged hospitalization. Pharmacological analgesics remain the standard, but their side effects underscore the need for safe, accessible, non-pharmacological adjuncts such as self-hypnosis. This study examined the effect of self-hypnosis on postoperative pain intensity among C-section patients at Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta. A quasi-experimental design was used with 36 participants meeting the inclusion criteria. The intervention group listened to self-hypnosis audio 4–6 hours after surgery, while the control group received instrumental music. Pain intensity was assessed before and after intervention using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Results exhibited a significant difference between groups (p = 0.002, Mann-Whitney U test). The NRS scores showed that the control group had a modest reduction (7.33 to 6.27), whereas the intervention group revealed a greater decrease (7.17 to 5.16). The Wilcoxon test indicated a significant reduction in the intervention group (p = 0.000). Self-hypnosis thus effectively reduced postoperative pain intensity and may function as a useful adjunct to standard analgesic therapy
Implementation of a LoRa-Based Electric Vehicle Energy Monitoring System in Internet-Limited Competition Areas
No full textThe Kontes Mobil Hemat Energi (KMHE) and the Shell Eco-marathon (SEM) are competitions that encourage students to design and develop energy-efficient and environmentally friendly electric vehicles. However, the majority of current energy monitoring systems for electric vehicles are built on Internet of Things (IoT) designs that depend on a stable connection to the internet, which is frequently unavailable in situations such as race tracks. Obtaining real-time energy usage statistics during vehicle operation becomes challenging due to this constraint. This research aims to design and implement a LoRa (Long Range)-based electric vehicle energy monitoring system that operates independently of internet networks. The proposed system consists of transmitter and receiver units that monitor voltage, current, power, and electrical energy parameters using a Current Transformer (CT) sensor, a voltage divider circuit, an ADS1115 ADC module, and an ESP32 microcontroller as the main controller. A LoRa RA-02 module operating at 433 MHz is used to wirelessly send data, which are then shown in real time at the receiving device. Experimental results show that the system is capable of transmitting data reliably up to a distance of approximately 500 meters under field conditions without internet connectivity. The voltage measurement exhibits an average error below 0.1%, while the current measurement error ranges up to 4.65% compared to reference instruments. During vehicle operation, the system is able to calculate electrical power and energy consistently during vehicle operation. These results demonstrate that the suggested LoRa-based monitoring system is appropriate for real-time electric car energy monitoring in competitive settings with spotty internet connectivity
Antioxidant Properties and Storage Behavior of Malayan Cherry Fruit Water Extracts
Full text linkThe fruits of the Malayan cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) have been used for diabetes management in Banyumas due to their potential antioxidant properties. This study aims to optimize water extraction for antioxidant properties and determine the organoleptic and physicochemical properties of the selected extracts during 18 days of storage. The effects of the extraction method (infusion, 15-min decoction, 30-min decoction) and the drug-to-solvent ratio (1:10, 1:20, 1:100) on total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity, measured by DPPH scavenging activity and FRAP methods, were evaluated using their respective standard assays. The selected extract (from infusion at a 1:20 ratio) was stored in airtight bottles at 4±2 °C for 18 days. The organoleptic, pH, and antioxidant properties stability was evaluated accordingly. The crude drug-to-solvent ratio significantly affected TFC, with the 1:100 ratio generating the highest value (6.43 mg QE/g DW). Both the extraction method and the solvent ratio significantly defined TPC, DPPH scavenging activity, and FRAP, with the infusion at a 1:20 ratio showing the highest TPC (4.15 mg GAE/g DW), DPPH scavenging activity (25.2 mmol TE/100 g DW), and FRAP (93.93 mmol TE/100 g DW). Infusion at a 1:20 ratio showed significant decreases in pH, TFC, TPC, and DPPH scavenging activity on day 6 of storage, whereas changes in aroma and taste were observed on day 12. The infusion method at a 1:20 ratio is optimal for extracting antioxidants from Malayan cherry fruit extract. However, its application is limited by significant bioactive degradation during storage, which needs to be addressed with the development of a suitable dosage form
Basel III compliance and bank resilience: An analysis of the effects of macroeconomic factors and profitability on the performance of Indonesian banks
No full textResearch aims: This study examines the impact of Basel III prudential ratios (Tier 1 capital ratio, Liquidity Coverage Ratio proxy, and Net Stable Funding Ratio proxy) on bank profitability in Indonesia, as well as the moderating role of macroeconomic factors (GDP growth and inflation).Design/Methodology/Approach: The study utilizes panel data from 63 Indonesian commercial banks over the period 2011–2022. A bank fixed effects regression model with robust standard errors clustered at the bank level is employed. Four progressive specifications are tested to assess the direct effects of prudential ratios, bank-specific controls, macroeconomic variables, and their interactions.Research findings: The Tier 1 capital ratio consistently exerts a positive and significant effect on Return on Assets (ROA), indicating that higher capital adequacy supports profitability. Liquidity proxies have a limited direct impact, consistent with evidence that the NSFR often serves as a non-binding constraint in Indonesia. Macroeconomic factors play a moderating role, with GDP growth attenuating the capital-profitability relationship and inflation reinforcing it. Robustness checks excluding the NSFR proxy or the COVID-19 period confirm the stability of these results.Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study extends the Basel III literature by demonstrating that regulatory effects on bank profitability are conditional on macroeconomic conditions in an emerging market context. It provides evidence of asymmetric moderation, where growth cycles may encourage risk-shifting while inflation enhances capital benefits.Practitioner/Policy implication: Regulators should prioritize capital adequacy enforcement while calibrating liquidity requirements to avoid undue profitability costs. Banks can optimize performance by maintaining flexible capital buffers in response to macroeconomic fluctuations. Policymakers may consider countercyclical adjustments to enhance resilience without compromising earnings
Financial Strategy of SOEs: Mediating Role of Accounting Conservatism in Gender Diversity and Performance
No full textResearch aims: This study aims to examine the influence of board gender diversity on the financial performance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Indonesia and to investigate the mediating role of accounting conservatism in this relationship.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The population of this study includes SOEs listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and their annual reports. Purposive sampling was used, resulting in 135 observations from 27 SOEs over the period 2019 to 2023. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and mediation testing with the Sobel test, conducted via STATA software.
Research findings: The findings show that accounting conservatism positively contributes to improving SOEs' financial performance. However, gender diversity does not significantly affect financial performance, and accounting conservatism does not mediate the relationship between gender diversity and financial performance.
Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study contributes to the literature on the role of gender diversity in SOE performance with accounting conservatism as a mediator, a topic not extensively explored in developing countries like Indonesia. Its originality lies in the mediation model, which is underexplored in the context of SOEs.
Practitioner/Policy implication: The results provide valuable insights for policymakers and SOE managers in developing inclusive HR strategies and implementing accounting conservatism principles to enhance financial performance and transparency.
Research limitation/Implication: The study is limited by the sample size and exclusion of other potential control variables. Future research should include more companies and external factors, such as regulations and macroeconomic conditions
Factors Influencing Voluntary Counseling and Testing Compliance Among Transgender Women
No full textVoluntary counseling and testing (VCT) play an important role in reducing HIV/AIDS transmission. Indonesia ranks 14th globally in terms of the number of people living with HIV (PLHIV), with an estimated 564,000 cases in 2025, but only 63% are aware of their status. The use of VCT among high-risk groups, particularly transgender women, is still not optimal. This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, family support, peer support, organizational participation, and the use of alternative treatments with VCT adherence among transgender women in Madiun Regency. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 60 transgender women in Madiun, East Java, using simple random sampling. Inclusion criteria were transgender women registered with the AIDS Commission and residing in Madiun District. VCT adherence data were obtained from the Regional AIDS Commission, while knowledge, attitude, and social support data were collected through a validated questionnaire. Analysis used chi-square tests and logistic regression. Results showed that 51.7% of respondents were non-adherent. Non-adherence was significantly associated with poor knowledge (OR = 5.71; p = 0.0002), unfavorable attitudes (OR = 7.68; p = 0.000), a lack of family support (OR = 3.19; p = 0.032), and a lack of organizational participation (OR = 15.7; p = 0.002). Knowledge, attitude, family support, and peer support are key determinants of VCT adherence, while alternative treatment is not a significant factor. Community-based interventions that focus on these factors are crucial in enhancing VCT adherence
Regulating Social Commerce in the Digital Era: A Comparative Legal Study of Indonesia and Asian Countries
No full textSocial commerce has become a worldwide trend that is transforming the digital economy, including in Indonesia. The rise of platforms such as TikTok Shop and Facebook Shop offers significant opportunities for growth, but also raises challenges in areas like predatory pricing, legal clarity, and the safeguarding of consumer data. Existing scholarship in Indonesia has primarily examined these issues through a normative lens, particularly focusing on Minister of Trade Regulation No. 31 of 2023. To expand this perspective, the present study applies normative legal research with conceptual and comparative approaches, drawing on literature reviews and regulatory documents. The analysis shows that Asian countries adopt different strategies in regulating social commerce. Indonesia takes a restrictive, protection-oriented stance, which often results in legal uncertainty and hampers innovation. China fosters a dynamic ecosystem with strict oversight of platforms and hosts, though monopolistic risks persist. India prioritizes transparency and fair competition, but continues to face digital inequality. Vietnam, meanwhile, aligns social commerce with its broader e-commerce agenda to support MSMEs, though enforcement remains weak. The study suggests that Indonesia adopt a more adaptive framework inspired by international best practices to balance innovation, competition, and consumer right