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Recensione a Anna Gabriella Chisena, «Le “prime” stelle di Dante: astronomia e astrologia fra "Vita Nova" e "Convivio"», Ravenna, Longo, 2024, 312 pp.
No full textUn inedito di Mario Talamanca in tema di homologia kyria
No full textAbstract: This article presents the unpublished typescript of Mario Talamanca’s
paper on homologia kyria, originally delivered at the 1977 Symposion on Greek and
Hellenistic Law in Chantilly, France, but never included in the published proceedings.
The rediscovered text not only fills a nearly fifty-year gap in the historiography but also
provides a valuable contribution to one of the most debated issues in the study of Greek
private law in general and of Attic law in particular. Against the background of the
influential thesis of H.J. Wolff, which explained the homologia in terms of
Zweckverfügung and denied its promissory character, Talamanca advanced a critical
reading of the Attic sources, stressing instead the consensual dimension of homologein.
His argumentation – grounded in close philological analysis and in a systematic critique
of Romanist categories projected onto the Greek experience – shows that the law on
homologia kyria cannot be reduced to a mere procedural mechanism, nor does it admit
the existence of fully consensual contracts in Athens. Rather, Talamanca outlined a third
way: in Attic law the principle of consensuality had not yet taken hold, but the
significance of a mere undertaking cannot, in any case, be excluded. The publication of
this essay, long forgotten and now restored to the scholarly community, seeks not only
to pay tribute to one of the most original interpreters of Greek legal history in the
twentieth century, but also to reopen the debate on the nature and limits of contractual
obligation in the Athenian polis.
Riassunto: L’articolo presenta il dattiloscritto della relazione inedita di Mario
Talamanca sull’homologia kyria, originariamente pronunciata al Symposion sul diritto
greco ed ellenistico svoltosi a Chantilly, in Francia, nel 1977, ma mai confluita negli atti
a stampa. Il testo, oggi riscoperto, non solo colma un vuoto quasi cinquantennale nella
storiografia, ma offre anche un contributo prezioso a uno dei temi pi. discussi nello
studio del diritto privato greco in generale e attico in particolare. Sullo sfondo della nota
tesi di H.J. Wolff, che interpretava l’homologia in base al concetto di Zweckverfügung,
negandone il carattere promissorio, Talamanca avanzava una lettura critica delle fonti
attiche, ponendone in rilievo la dimensione consensuale. La sua argomentazione –
fondata su un’analisi filologica puntuale e su una sistematica critica all’applicazione di
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categorie romanistiche alla realt. greca – mostra come la disciplina dell’homologia
kyria non possa ridursi a un mero meccanismo processuale, né possa tuttavia condurre
ad ammettere l’esistenza ad Atene di veri e propri contratti consensuali. Talamanca
deline. piuttosto una terza via: nel diritto attico non si era ancora affermato il principio
della consensualit., ma la rilevanza del mero impegno non pu. essere in ogni caso
esclusa. La pubblicazione di questo saggio, a lungo dimenticato e oggi restituito alla
comunit. scientifica, intende non solo rendere omaggio a uno degli interpreti pi.
originali della storia giuridica greca nel Novecento, ma anche riaprire il dibattito sulla
natura e sui limiti dell’obbligazione contrattuale nella polis ateniese
8th Meeting of Young Historians of Greek Law. Athens, September 12-13, 2025
No full textSi tratta di una cronaca di un recente convegno di diritto greco tenutosi ad Aten
From máy tính ‘computer’ to sách điện tử ‘e-book’. Vietnamese Lexicology
No full textABSTRACT PROVVISORIO IN ATTESA DI QUELLO GIUST
The temporal nominative in the Baltic languages
No full textIn the Indo-European languages, the nominative is generally considered a purely grammatical case, excluded from circumstantial functions. There are, however, in the Baltic languages, circumstantial uses of the nominative in certain temporal expressions, e.g. Lithuanian jau mėnuo tėvas serga ‘the father has been ill for a month; it is one month that the father has been ill’ (nominative singular mėnuo). The aim of this paper is to present the specific uses of the temporal nominative in the Baltic languages and to explain their origin. A comparison with Greek and Latin shows the antiquity of the construction with the nominative. Three explanations of the temporal nominative can be suggested: (1°) ellipsis of a conjunction (‘already one monthNOM.SG [that] the father is ill’), (2°) syntactic contamination (‘already one monthNOM.SG that the father is ill’ x ‘during one monthACC.SG the father is ill’) or (3°) inclusion of a parenthetical structure (‘it is already one monthNOM.SG, the father is sick’). The last explanation would rely on parallels from other Indo-European languages, notably the Latin type nudius tertius ‘two days ago’ < ‘now [it is] the third day’
Recycled documents in Apulia: seal cases from the archive of St. Nicholas of Bari
No full textThirty-two seal cases of royal and princely documents of the 13th-16th centuries made by recycling parchment and paper documents are preserved in the St Nicholas Basilica’s Archives. The paper speculates on the period and technique of manufacture and on the choice of materials to be reused. The cases were made during a restoration campaign promoted by the Chapter between the late 15th and early 16th century to improve the administration of the church. In organising the work, enclosures were made of different materials, and various, often drastic, operations were carried out to protect the seals. Documents, mainly private ones, that had no economic interest for the church were used to make the parchment cases, but documents were also used testifying to the recent domination of the Prince of Taranto in the city, which ended in 1463 and was to be consigned to oblivion. Written traces also remain in a cartulary that the canons commissioned from a Bari public notary in the late 16th century. It is a valuable aid in increasing knowledge about St. Nicholas’ history and the quantity of its documentary heritage, the technical archival vocabulary in use and the organisation of work in a notary office in a city of the Kingdom.Nell’Archivio della basilica di San Nicola si conservano trentadue custodie per sigilli di lettere regie e principesche dei secoli XIII-XVI realizzate riciclando documenti pergamenacei e pagine di registri cartacei. Nell’articolo si presentano riflessioni sull’epoca e sulla tecnica di manifattura nonché sulla scelta dei materiali da riutilizzare. Le custodie furono il frutto di una campagna di restauro promossa dal capitolo tra fine XV secolo e inizi XVI nell’ambito di un processo di miglioramento dell’amministrazione della chiesa. Nell’organizzazione dei lavori si ricorse alla confezione di involucri in materiali differenti studiando varie soluzioni, spesso drastiche, di protezione; per la preparazione delle custodie in pergamena si scelsero documenti, soprattutto privati, giudicati privi di interesse economico per la chiesa, ma anche testimoni di un passato recente (la dominazione in città del principe di Taranto cessata nel 1463) che si volle, forse scientemente, destinare all’oblio. Delle custodie restano inoltre tracce scritte in un cartulario commissionato dai canonici a fine XVI secolo a un notaio barese, prezioso strumento di accrescimento delle conoscenze sulla storia della chiesa e sulla consistenza del suo patrimonio documentario, sul vocabolario tecnico archivistico del tempo nonché sull’organizzazione pratica del lavoro in uno studio notarile di una città del Regno
Learning by Re-searching. The experience of the INTRADAMS Summer School at the Crossroads of Skill Acquisition and Knowledge Production
No full textThe INTRADAMS Summer School (University of Milan) combines traditional manuscript studies with advanced digital tools like multispectral imaging to analyze palimpsests. Students actively work on medieval manuscripts such as Dante’s Commedia (Triv. 1084), the Liber Primicerii, and the Fragmentum Calendarii Ambrosiani, uncovering hidden texts and documentary fragments. The program fosters interdisciplinary collaboration, enhancing both technical skills and historical knowledge.La Summer School INTRADAMS (Università di Milano) unisce lo studio tradizionale dei manoscritti alle tecniche digitali avanzate, come l’imaging multispettrale, per analizzare i palinsesti. Gli studenti lavorano su codici medievali, tra cui la Commedia (Triv. 1084), il Liber Primicerii e il Fragmentum Calendarii Ambrosiani, scoprendo testi nascosti e documenti. Il programma promuove la collaborazione interdisciplinare, arricchendo competenze tecniche e conoscenze storiche
After Alerts
No full textThis article considers the silencing of smartphones to trace a shift from a culture of distraction to one characterized by pervasive interruption. Specifically, we interpret the silencing of phones—once symptomatic of diversionary pings that targeted an attentive user—as signaling an internalization of the sonic ecology of their alerts. This shift manifests in a relentless bureaucratic friction in the digital ecosystems of which we are (unavoidably) a part, one that puts interruptive focus to work in an extractive register
Dietary Patterns, Metabolomic Profiles, And Metabolic Outcomes By Menopausal Status
No full textIntroduction: Menopause is a critical period marked by significant metabolic and hormonal changes that impact cardiometabolic disease risk.[1] Diet plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and visceral adiposity, key components of cardiometabolic health.[2] Metabolomics, the analysis of small molecules in biological samples, offers a tool for capturing both dietary metabolites and systemic adaptations to habitual diet.[3] In addition to provide a more objective assessment of dietary intake it can reveal different profiles between subgroups of individuals, such as women at different reproductive stages.[4] However, the underlying mechanisms by which diet affects metabolism after menopause are not yet well understood, limiting the development of targeted dietary strategies to mitigate health risks in female populations.[5]
Objective: This investigation aimed to examine the role of menopausal status in the association between dietary patterns, metabolomic profiles associated with the dietary patterns, and lipid profile. To achieve this objective, two specific aims were pursued:
To determine the metabolomic profile associated with different dietary patterns according to menopausal status
To explore how diet influences the lipid profile and visceral fat by menopausal status, considering potential differences in the metabolome.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis on 1,179 women participating in the Cooperative Health Research In South Tyrol (CHRIS) study,[6] stratifying by menopausal status, defined based on an algorithm incorporating self-reported information and age. We excluded women who were pregnant, non-fasting, or in the menopause transition phase at the study visit.
To evaluate the dietary patterns, we derived three well-established healthy dietary indexes: Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI), Plant-based Diet Index (PDI), and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI). Additionally, we included the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) to specifically investigate the role of inflammation. The outcomes were visceral fat (%), total cholesterol (mg/dL), HDL cholesterol (mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (mg/dL), and log-transformed triglycerides (log-mmol/L) concentrations.
We used elastic net regression to identify metabolites associated with each dietary index. The dataset was divided into training (70%) and testing (30%) sets. In the training set, we performed multiple iterations of 10-fold cross-validation with 100 different seeds. Optimal lambda values were selected based on the consensus mode of the number of selected features across iterations. For each dietary index, we estimated a metabolite score, calculated as the weighted sum of selected metabolite concentrations. The trained models were subsequently applied and validated in the testing set to compute final dietary metabolite scores. Associations between dietary indexes, metabolite scores, and outcomes were assessed using linear regression models. All models were adjusted for age, physical activity, smoking, self-reported diabetes and hypertension, education, following a special diet, total energy intake, and self-reported medications for lipid control. Additionally for pre-menopausal women, we adjusted for contraception use, while for post-menopausal women we adjusted for the usage of hormone replacement therapy.
Results:
In this sample of women, the pre-menopause group (n=762) had a median age of 35 years (interquartile range, IQR: 25-44 years) and a median BMI of 23 kg/m2 (IQR: 21-27 kg/m2). The post-menopause group (n=417) had a median age of 62 years (IQR: 56-69 years) and a median BMI of 26 kg/m2 (IQR: 23-30 kg/m2).
The selection of metabolites revealed group-specific profiles, with a modest overlap between the pre-menopause and post-menopause groups, except for the DII, which showed distinct metabolomic profiles in the two groups. Glycerophospholipids were consistently selected across almost all dietary patterns and in both groups.(Figure)
When examining associations between dietary indexes and outcomes,(Figure) the PDI and the AHEI were associated with lower visceral fat and LDL cholesterol among pre-menopausal women. In the post-menopausal group, the PHDI was positively associated with LDL cholesterol, while AHEI remained negatively associated with visceral fat.
When examining associations between metabolite scores and outcomes,(Figure) in the pre-menopausal group, all metabolite scores were associated with lower visceral fat. The PDI-metabolite score was additionally associated with lower total cholesterol. The PHDI-metabolite score was associated with lower HDL cholesterol and higher triglyceride levels. The DII-metabolic score was associated with higher levels of total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol, and with lower triglycerides. The AHEI-metabolite score was also associated with higher triglyceride levels. In post-menopausal women, the DII-metabolite score was negatively associated with total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol. The PHDI-metabolite score was associated with lower total and HDL cholesterol. The AHEI-metabolite score was positively associated with HDL cholesterol.
Conclusion:
The metabolomic profiles associated with dietary patterns varied by menopausal status. We observed a general consistency when investigating associations between dietary indexes, their corresponding metabolomic profiles, and lipid marker concentrations. However, the associations with metabolite scores were notably stronger than those with dietary index, suggesting that while dietary patterns do influence metabolic outcomes, the specific metabolomic profiles might provide a more precise and robust measure of these associations