Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia
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Status GAKY, anemia, EYU, dan kesegaran jasmani anak sekolah dasar di Kabupaten Dairi, Sumatra Utara
No full textBackground: Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) and anemia are major health problems in Indonesia. Prevalence of TGR according to the result of IDD survey 2003 in District of Dairi is 33,9%. Prevalence of anemia according to Household Health Survey 2001 is 47% for children of 0–5 years old; 26.5% for school children; and 40% for eligible women. The result of a survey in Jakarta capital city special territory 2004 shows that prevalence of anemia is 26.5% for children under five and 43.5% for pregnant mothers. Thyroid hormone regulates metabolism and plays an important role in calorie production, whereas haemoglobin in the blood may distort metabolism of energy in the muscles leading to fatique.Objective: The objective of the study was to identify the relationship between IDD, anemia, and physical fitness and to assess differences in physical fitness according to endemic level.Method: The study was observational with cross sectional design. Location of the study was District of Dairi, Sumatra Utara. Palpation was used to identify endemic level. Three elementary schools were chosen according to endemic level. Number of samples per district and elementary school was determined using quota, and samples were selected from grade 4–6 using systematic random sampling technique. Data analysis used univariable, bivariable, and multivariable techniques. Chi square (χ2) was used to identify the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable, 2 and ANOVA test (F test) was used to find out differences in physical fitness based on endemic level.Results: The result of statistical test showed that the relationship between IDD and physical fitness was p = 0.675 with OR 0.8 (95% CI: 0.499–1.498). The relationship between anemia and physical fitness was p = 0.003 with OR 2.29 (95% CI: 1.33–3.95). There were differences in physical fitness according to endemic level with p < 0.001.Conclusion: There was no relationship between IDD and physical fitness, but there was relationship between anemia and physical fitness and there was difference in physical fitness according to endemic level
Swamedikasi diabetes mellitus dengan daun ceplikan (Ruellia tuberosa L.): kajian kemanfaatan pada profil lipid serum secara praklinik
No full textBackground: Self-medication by using ceplikan leaves (Ruellia tuberosa L.) has been practiced in society for many times in the after-boiled form. It had been proved that liquid extract of ceplikan leaves (Ruellia tuberosa L.) was able to reduce blood glucose level on diabetic rat. It is also well known among diabetes mellitus patient that it has following effect on increasing triglyceride and reducing HDL-cholesterol level.Objective: This research was aimed to give scientific evidence on the society habit on self-medication by using ceplikan leaves (Ruellia tuberosa L.) by examining its oral administration on serum lipid profile pre-clinically.Method: Two months old Rattus novergicus within average weight of 150-200 g were divided into experimental and control groups. The control group consisted of 6 normal rats; while the experimental group consisted of 24 alloxan induced-diabetic rats. The experimental groups were divided into four groups i.e. non-treatment group and oral administrations of Ruellia tuberosa L. liquid extract with different concentrations that were 1.6 mg, 3.2 mg, and 6.4 mg, respectively. The feeds were given ad libitum. The oral administrations of Ruellia tuberosa L. liquid extract were given everyday for 30 days. In the end of the treatment, all rats were fastened and the blood was taken from the eye and being observed for its serum lipid profile. The data were analyzed statistically by using ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD mean difference tests.Results: The results showed that oral administration of 3.2 mg Ruellia tuberosa L. liquid extract was significantly reduced triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol level (p < 0,05) and increased HDL-cholesterol level (p < 0,05).Conclusion: The 3.2 mg of Ruellia tuberosa L. liquid extract was able to reduce triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol level and increase HDL-cholesterol level. Moreover, ceplikan leaves (Ruellia tuberose L.) could be taken as traditional drugs in a non-formal way with control on dietary intake and regular physical exercise
Tekanan darah siswa sekolah dasar obes dan tidak obes di Kota Yogyakarta
No full textBackground: In adulthood, obesity is related to the increasing of mortality risk as the effect of cardiovascular diseases. Adulthood obesity is often started from childhood. Besides obesity causes, risk of cardiovascular are influenced by blood pressure as well.Objective: The study was proposed to compare blood pressure of obese and non-obese students.Method: The study was conducted among 52 obese and 52 non-obese students aged 9–12 years old matched with age and sex. Subjects were obtained through obesity screening among obese students. The criteria of obesity were BMI to age in or over 95 percentage of CDC 2000 standard. Blood pressure was measured three times at three different days with quicksilver sphygmomanometer. Its method was adjusted to Task Force on Blood Pressure in Children instruction.Results: Mean of systolic blood pressure of obese students was 109.2 (6.0) mmHg, higher than non-obese, 89.4 (6.9) mmHg. The different mean (CI 95%) of systolic blood pressure of both group was 19.9 (17.3-22.4) mmHg, p < 0.001. Mean of diastolic blood pressure of obese students was 72.4 (4.9) mmHg, while non-obese was 58.1 (8.1) mmHg. The different mean (CI 95%) of diastolic blood pressure of both group was 14.3 (11.6-16.9) mmHg, p < 0.001. Obese students had relative risk of systolic blood pressure (CI 95%) 22.5 (5.8-88.0) times higher than non-obese students. Relative risk of diastolic blood pressure of obese students (CI 95%) was 3.7 (2.4-5.8) times higher than that of non-obese students.Conclusion: Systolic and diastolic blood pressures of obese students were higher than that of non-obese students
Pola asuh, pola makan, asupan zat gizi dan hubungannya dengan status gizi anak balita masyarakat Suku Nuaulu di Kecamatan Amahai Kabupaten Maluku Tengah Provinsi Maluku
No full textBackground: Nomadic life of Nuaulu Tribe results in rearing pattern, eating pattern, and food consumption which affect their nutritional status.Objective: To identify the relationship between rearing pattern, eating pattern, nutrient intake, and nutritional status of under-fives of Nuaulu tribal community at Subdistrict of Amahai, District of Maluku Tengah, Province of Maluku.Method: This was an observational analytical study with cross sectional design. Subjects of the study were 68 under-fives of age 12 to 60 months from Nuaulu Tribal community at Sub district of Amahai. Data of rearing pattern were obtained from interviewing using questionnaire, data of eating pattern from food frequency questionnaire, data of nutrient intake from recall 24 hours, and data of nutritional status from anthropometric measurement. Data analysis used bivariable with chi-square, multivariate with double logistic regression.Results: Most samples had low category of rearing pattern (77.9%) and eating pattern (66.2%); whereas samples intake of energy and protein belonged to adequate category, that were 73.6% and 72.0%, respectively. Nutritional status based on index of weight/age of 20.6% samples belonged to undernourished category and 51.5% samples belonged to stunted category based on index of length/age. There were no significant relationship between rearing pattern and nutritional status based on index of weight/length and weight/age (p > 0.05), but there was relationship between them based on index of length/age (p 0.05), but between eating pattern and nutritional status based on index of length/age had relationship (p 0.05). There was significant relationship between protein intake and nutritional status based on index of weight/age and length/age (p < 0.05); however the relationship was insignificant based on index of weight/length.Conclusion: There was significant relationship between rearing pattern and nutritional status based on index of length/age and so was between eating pattern and nutritional status based index of length/age. Energy, protein intake and nutritional status based on index of weight/age and length/age also had significant relationship
Pemberian suplemen seng sulfat dan pengaruhnya terhadap kadar seng serum dan jumlah CD4+ pada wanita usia lanjut sehat
No full textBackground: Aging is a natural process which happens to all living creatures. Aging is followed by declining physiological function. Elderly is a risk factor of micronutrient deficiency including zinc which has an important role in the immune system. This condition causes declining cellular immunity functions through reduced amount of CD4 .Objective: To identify the effect of zinc sulphate supply to serum zinc level and amount of CD4 among the elderly.Method: The study used clinical test research design, one group pre-post test design (before and after trial). Subject of the study were “healthy” elderly individuals of more than 60 years old, willing to be studied. Assessment on nutritional status, physical examination and zinc level were made to the subjects. Next, subjects were supplied with 15 mg of zinc supplement once a day for 28 days. Then, re-examination was made to identify zinc level and the amount of CD4 lymphocyte. Statistical analysis used paired t-test.Results: Average age of the elderly observed (n = 30) was 64.43 ± 3.10 years. Average zinc level before the study was 5.85 ± 1.95 μmol/L, as many as 26 subjects (86%) had zinc under normal level, 4 subjects (14%) had normal zinc level + + + and no subject had zinc above normal level. Zinc level at the end of the study increased in as many as 27 subjects (90%) with average as 4.54 ± 3.84 μmol/L (p < 0.001). The amount of CD4 lymphocyte increased in 11 subjects (36%) with + average increase 26.83 ± 137.46 (/mm) (p = 0.29). Factors affecting increase of CD4 lymphocyte were age, weight, score of mini nutritional assessment and upper arm circle, and preliminary zinc level.Conclusion: The supply of 15 mg zinc for 28 days among the elderly could elevate serum zinc level significantly and could increase the amount of CD4 lymphocyte only in 11 subjects (36%)
Asupan kalsium, vitamin D, kafein, merokok, indeks massa tubuh dan hubungannya dengan kejadian osteoporosis pada pria di Kecamatan Duren Sawit, Jakarta Timur
No full textBackground: Osteoporosis can cause public health problem because both man and woman have high risk factor for osteoporosis. This is related to high morbidity and mortality of man. The increase of elderly population intensifies the frequency of the prevalence of osteoporosis, which limits activities of the patients.Objective: To identify the relationship between calcium, vitamin D, and caffeine intake, smoking, and mass body index with osteoporosis among elderly men.Method: This study was analytical observational which used cross sectional design. Subject of the study were men of 55– 65 years old purposively chosen. The study was carried out at Sub district of Duren Sawit, Jakarta Timur.Result: There was no significant relationship between calcium intake and bone mass density (p > 0.05). There was no significant relationship between vitamin D intake and bone mass density (p > 0.05), smoking and bone mass density (p > 0.05), and caffeine consumption and bone mass density (p > 0.05). There was a significant relationship between body mass index and osteoporosis (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The relationship between calcium and vitamin D intake, smoking, caffeine consumption, and osteoporosis was insignificant. The relationship between body mass index and osteoporosis was significant
Pola makan, rasio lingkar pinggang pinggul (RLPP) dan tekanan darah di Puskesmas Mergangsan Yogyakarta
No full textBackground: Dietary pattern has changed in almost all over the world that nowadays people consume high fat and low fiber diet. These changes are responsible for the increased obesity problems in community. Ratio between waist circumference and hip circumference could become an indicator for android obesity. This type of obesity has a stronger relationship with increasing risk factor of coronary heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, compared to gynecoid type obesity.Objective: To identify relationship between dietary pattern and waist hip circumference ratio with blood pressure at Mergangsan Primary Health Care Yogyakarta.Method: This was an observational research with cross sectional study, held at November 2008. Research population was all adult patients came to Mergangsan Primary Health Care. Independent variable including dietary pattern and hip waist circumference ratio (RLPP), and blood pressure as dependent variable. Characteristic sample data were collected using questionnaire and interview, data of waist–hip circumference ratio were collected using metlin (accuracy 0.1 cm), data of blood pressure were measured with sphygmomanometer, and data of dietary patterns were collected using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQS). Samples were taken with judgmental technique sampling. Data were analyzed using chi-square and odds ratio.Results: Percentage samples that consumed carbohydrate source diet frequently was 91.1%, whereas samples that consumed animal and plant diet served were 71 % and 88.9%; vegetables and fruits 65.6% and 52.5%, 78.9% samples seldom consumed milk, 92.2% frequently consumed oil and others consumed frequently 90%. Female samples with obesity nutritional status were 55.6%. Mean value of waist hip circumference ratio were 1.03 ± 0.13 and 0.88 ± 0.1 for male and female, respectively. Dietary pattern of some foods and blood pressure showed significant relationship, that were vegetables (p = 0.003; OR = 0.194), fruits (p = 0.00, OR = 1.17), milk (p = 0.010; OR 5.76), and others (p = 0.047; OR 5.76). Waist hip circumference ratio also had significant relationship with blood pressure (p = 0.009).Conclusion: There were significant relationships between dietary pattern of vegetables, fruits, milk, and others with blood pressure. Waist hip circumference ratio also had significant relationship with blood pressure
Kecacingan, malaria, dan status besi ibu hamil di Kabupaten Batang Hari Provinsi Jambi
No full textBackground: Anemia among pregnant women may increase abortion, premature, low birth weight and even mortality before and after delivery. Factors causing anemia in Indonesia are lack of Fe, inadequate intake, demanding needs, and lack of nutrient facilitating Fe absorption. Besides, infection such as worm and malaria may cause anemia as well. Result of household health survey 2001 stated that prevalence of pregnant women with anemia was 40% in Indonesia. In Jambi Province, it was 39% in 2003 and 42.3% for Batang Hari Regency while infection of malaria was 50.0% in all age groups and many other districts that its environment were woods, humid, and wasted that may increase infection of hookworm.Objective: The study was proposed to know the correlation of hookworm, malaria with anemia among pregnant women by analyzing correlation of hookworm, malaria, and anemia and correlation of hookworm, malaria and Fe status among pregnant women.Method: This was cross sectional study. It held from September until December 2005 in Batang Hari Regency, Jambi Province. Subjects were 132 pregnant women. Examination of blood for Hb, malaria and ferritin were taken together while feces were later.Results: There were no significant correlation of Ascaris lumbricoides infection with anemia (p = 0.36; OR = 2.43), Trichiuris thrichiura infection with anemia (p = 0.30), 2 kinds of worm Ascaris lumbricoides + Trichiuris trichiura with anemia (p = 0.08; OR = 4.87), and infection of Ascaris lumbricoides + Necator americanus with anemia (p = 0.30). There was significant correlation of 3 kinds of worm Ascaris lumbricoides + Trichiuris trichiura + Necator americanus with anemia (p = 0.018; OR = 7.3). There were no significant correlation of Ascaris lumbricoides with ferritin (p = 0.17; OR = 3.23) and Trichiuris trichiura with ferritin (p = 0.25). There was significant correlation of 2 kinds of worm Ascaris lumbricoides + Trichiuris trichiura with ferritin (p = 0.04; OR = 6.4). There was no significant correlation of Ascaris lumbricoides + Necator americanus with ferritin p = 0.25. There were significant correlation of 3 kinds of worm (Ascaris lumbricoides + Trichiuris trichiura + Necator americanus) with ferritin p = 0.007; OR = 9.69 and ferritin with anemia p = 0.0001; OR = 17.45.Conclusion: There was no significant correlation of hookworms Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichiuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides + Trichius trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides + Necator americanus with anemia. There were significant correlation of infection of Ascaris lumbricoides + Trichiuris trichiura + Necator americanus with anemia and malaria with anemia. There was no correlation of hookworms Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichiuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides + Neca- tor americanus with anemia. There were correlation of infection Ascaris lumbricoides + Trichiuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides + Trichiuris trichiuris + Necator americanus with ferritin, malaria with ferritin, and ferritin with anemia
Kejadian mikropenis pada anak obes
No full textBackground : Obese children are more likely to have less testosterone, which may lead to disorder of penile development.Objectives : To assess the association between obesity in children and the occurrence of micropenis. Methods : TA cross sectional study was carried out in 36 obese and 28 non- obese pubertal male children (10-13 years old) and 49 obese and 36 non-obese prepubertal male children (4-7 years old). Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) equivalent to or above the 95th percentile of the CDC 2000 growth reference standard. Length of the penis was measured perpendicular to the surface of the os symphysis pubis to the tip of the glans penis. Skinfold thickness was measured on the area of mons pubis using a caliper. Volume of the testis was measured using an orchidometer. Results : The mean (SD) of penis length in 36 pubertal obese and 28 non-obese children were 5.56 (1.14) cm and 6.05 (1.37) cm, respectively; whereas the mean (SD) of penis length in 49 pre-pubertal obese and 39 non-obese children were 5.09 (0.76) cm and 5.36 (0.56) cm, respectively. There was significant difference in the mean (95% CI) length of penis in pubertal obese and non-obese children (p = 0.04). Fisher's exact test showed that the occurrence of micropenis was not associated with obesity, age, fat thickness on mons pubis, and volume of the testicles.Conclusion : There was no significant difference in the occurrence of micropenis, but there was significant difference in the mean length of penis in obese children and children with normal age-related body mass index.
Asupan energi, aktivitas fisik, persepsi orang tua, dan obesitas siswa dan siswi SMP di Kota Yogyakarta
No full textBackgound: Juvenile obesity is becoming a global problem. The high prevalence of juvenile obesity is due to an inadequate physical activity and an imbalance of nutritional intake. The roles of parent are significant in the incidence of obesity; therefore their understanding on the prevention of obesity is necessary. Findings of some studies in Yogyakarta show that 7.9 % of adolescents are approaching obesity.Objective: To assess the relationship between energy intake, physical activities, parental perception, and the status of obesity among students grade 7 to 9.Method: This study used cross sectional design. The samples were students grade 7 to 9 of Yogyakarta Municipal City including those who were obese and non-obese. The respondents were recruited as many as 230 students; chi square (χ²) test and significant level of 95%, were used to analyze the difference between obese and non-obese group.Results: This study found that energy intake correlated with obesity (p 0.05).Conclusion: Physical activity and energy intake had an association with obesity status among students grade 7 to 9 in Yogyakarta Municipal City. But parental perception had no association with obesity among the respondence