International Journal of Advances in Engineering Sciences
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A Survey of Design of RBS for Low Power VLSI
No full textWith the rapid growth of the portable electronic equipment, wearable computers, laptops, cell phones etc. the demand of the low power very large scale integration (VLSI) is dynamically increasing. The power consumption is one of the top most crucial limiting factors of the concern for the designing of the low power electronic circuits for the today’s even before this era. The numbers of scientists/ researchers are struggling for overcoming such a limiting factor/ obstacle and proposing different ideas and designing methods from the logical level (Gate Level) to circuitry level (Physical level) and above for the very large scale integration Even after of such a struggle, there is no any universal method to design to avoid tradeoff between delay, power consumption and complexity of the circuit. Still, the designer is required to opt appropriate technology for satisfying product need and applicationsÂ
An Improved Approach for Wormhole Attack Detection in MANET
No full textAdvancement in wireless technologies and improved use ofwireless devices demand more and more infrastructure-less networks likeMobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET). MANETs are becoming common,since they can be deployed easily in a cost effective manner whereverneeded. The high usage of MANET demands more security andconfidentiality of the data communicated through MANET. Thesenetworks are inherently vulnerable to various attacks due to the absence ofconcealed channel. Wormhole attack is a great threat to MANET, as it iscapable of launching several other types of attacks like black-hole attack,gray-hole attack, sink-hole attack, DDoS, etc. A strategically placedwormhole node can disrupt the entire communication in the network [1].In this paper, wormhole attack launched by exploiting AODV protocol inMANET, is detected and eliminated in two phases. The preliminary phasein the process of identifying wormhole attack is done, based on timinganalysis and hop count. After suspecting the attack, a Clustering-basedapproach is used to confirm the presence of attack, and also to identify theattacker nodes. The entire network is divided into different clusters andeach cluster will have a Cluster Head, which controls all the nodes in thecluster and plays the role of a controlling authority in MANET
ADAPTIVE MODULATION ANDRATE cryptography FOR WIMAX
No full textFuture mobile communication needs a hundred Mbps rate, video and audio streaming, asymmetric, multiple access, adaptational modulation and code rate, dynamic packet arrangement, adaptational antenna and IPv6 utilization facility to inforce lossless communication. we have a tendency to propose AN adaptational Modulation and Rate cryptography Wimax (AMRC-WIMAX) technique may be a promising thanks to increase the info rate with reliable transmission over wireless channels. During this paper, we have a tendency to gift numerous digital modulation techniques admire BPSK, QPSK ANd M-ary PSK systems applied to a coded WIMAX system in an AWGN channel atmosphere. This methodology compares the Bit Error Rate Performance of varied code rates mistreat- ment WIMAX technique and at last select the most effective code rate to realize higher BERperformance. it's found that the planned methodology offers the optimumperformance compared to the standard WIMAX system utilized in fourth generation
Structural analysis of crystal structure in Bi0.9Nd0.1FeO3 multiferroic ceramic
No full textBi0.9Nd0.1FeO3 multiferroic ceramics has been prepared via solid state reaction method. To investigate the crystal structure X-ray diffraction was carried out at room temperature followed by Rietveld refinement through FullProf suit. Beside a smaller impurity peak of BiO2, the XRD pattern can be fitted well with the rhombohedral (R3c) phase setting. The goodness of fit is well ascribed by the lower values of Rp, Rwp, and χ2. The present study brings to a close verification that doping of Nd suppresses the growth of secondary phases and helps in formulation of single phase BiFeO3
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Medium Carbon Low Alloy Forged Steels Quenched in Water, Oil and Polymer
No full textSamples of medium carbon low alloy forged steels are investigated after heating to a maximum hardening temperature at 8550c in electric furnace and the soaking period of 60 minute. Step tempering is done on the hardened samples and quenched in water, oil and polymer, polyethylene glycol (PEG) H− (O−CH2−CH2)n−OH separately. The evaluation of mechanical properties was investigated using Hounsfield tensometer for tensile test, Brinell hardness tester for hardness test, Charpy test to determine the amount of energy absorbed by a material during fracture and finally the microstructure of the all quenched samples were studied using Scanning Electron Microscope. The tensile strength, hardness and impact energy values of the quenched samples were relatively higher than those as-received samples, suggesting improved mechanical properties. However, samples quenched in PEG displayed better properties compared with that of water, oil quenched and as- received samples. The microstructure consists of fine tempered martensite are in hardened and tempered condition. Heat treated specimens have fine tempered martensite structure with small amount of bainite. The formation of martensite structures gives the samples higher hardness
Heat Transfer of slip boundary layer flow of non-Newtonian fluid over a flat plate with Viscous Dissipation
No full textThis article numerically studies the effects of viscous dissipation and magnetic effects of an incompressible non-Newtonian power-law fluid over a flat plate convective thermal and slip boundary conditions. The governing boundary layer partial differential equations along with boundary conditions are first cast into a dimensionless form by a similarity transformation and the resulting ordinary differential equations are then solved numerically using implicit finite difference scheme. The solution takes Knudsen number Knx, heat transfer parameter, magnetic field parameter M, power-law fluid index n, Eckert number Ec and Prandtl number Pr effects into consideration. The influence of these parameters governing the flow on non-dimensional velocity and temperature fields are discussed graphically. The variation of the Knudsen number Knx, heat transfer parameter and Eckert number Ec on the skin friction, temperature at the wall and the rate of heat transfer is presented in tabular form
VANET’S SECURITY REQUIREMENTS AND ATTACKS - A REVIEW
No full textVehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) have emerged as one of the most promising topics for researchers and automotive industries due to their remarkable potential to improve traffic safety, efficiency and other added services. Communication using VANETs is commonly seen as the next milestone for improving traffic safety. Â Vehicles will be enabled to exchange any kind of information that helps to detect and mitigate dangerous situations. However, VANETs are themselves exposed against attacks that can directly lead to the corruption of networks and then possibly exacerbate big losses of time, money, and even lives.Subject of this work is to recognize the attackers that target active safety applications in VANETs. Through a risk analysis, this work identifies assets, threats and possible attacks in inter-vehicle communication. The risk analysis shows that the most serious threat arises from a road- side attacker that distributed fake warning messages. This paper presents a review of various VANETs security requirements attacks
ENERGY CONSERVATION AND EFFICIENT TECHNIQUES IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS: A SURVEY
No full textFrom the last few years, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) gained an increasing attention from both research community and actual users. In WSN, as sensor nodes are battery-powered constraints, so to increase network lifetime how to reduce energy consumption of nodes is a critical aspect. In this paper I will study energy conservation schemes and energy efficient techniques in wireless sensor networks
A Novel Approach of Compressing Images and Assessment on Quality with Scaling Factor
No full textCompressing an image is significantly different than compressing raw binary data. If we used general or outdated technique to compression images then result would be not optimal as it should be. This is because images have definitely statistical properties which can be triggered or exploited by encoders which are implemented or design for them. In image we have to give up some fine details for the sake of saving a little more bandwidth or storage space. So we can say that lossy compression technology. In this dissertation compression of digital images are done with the help of DCT. Several encoding technique have also been used together with DCT to improve the performance of compression. A computational analysis of picture quality is also made with respect to compression ratio and PSN
Modified AIS-PEGASIS: A protocol to secure WSN
No full textWireless sensor networks are the resource constrained networks that are prone to various attacks. In this work, we have mapped human body to the WSN. The peripheral nervous system is mapped with the network layer. Various attacks on network layer can lead to energy loss to dead network. Similarly, an attack on nervous system can lead to paralysis, etc. A timely sensing of attack can save the person from paralysis. This work applied this timely sensing to save network from network layer attacks. This work designed an algorithm AIS-PEGASIS that saves the WSN from network layer attack and performs routing of data in the network. This work also represents the AIS implementation using MATLAB. The simulation of the proposed algorithm over WSN shows better performance as compared to conventional techniques. Â