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Design principles in focus: a scoping review of their use in design-based research
No full textIn the context of Design-Based Research (DBR), where design principles (DP) are often described as a key link between theory and practice, little is known about how present this concept is within the research literature and in what ways it is addressed. This scoping review (n = 425) explores the extent to which and the contexts in which the term ‘design principles’ appears in the titles and abstracts of peer-reviewed English-language publications within the field of design research. In order to achieve this, the following research questions will be addressed: To what extent and in which contexts is the term ‘design principles’ used in titles and abstracts of peer-reviewed English-language publications within the context of design research? To complement the review, a qualitative content analysis of verbs pertaining to design principles was conducted, aimed at the second research question: In what ways is the term ‘design principles’ used and described in titles and abstracts of peer-reviewed publications within the context of design research? This analysis seeks to identify recurrent verb usage patterns. The findings show that design principles are widely used in a variety of publications, particularly in the field of educational sciences and subject didactics. They are used largely empirically, primarily for the development of teaching concepts. Verbal analysis and thematic clustering revealed that design principles function as both research outcomes and practical tools throughout the DBR process. Despite their growing importance, the study highlights inconsistencies in the implementation and reporting of design principles, indicating a lack of shared standards across the field. Further research is required to examine methodological patterns, discipline-specific applications and the specific roles of design principles in different DBR phases
Rezension: Leopold von Ranke: Grundlegung eines biographischen, werk- und wirkungsgeschichtlichen Neustarts. Zugleich Besprechung von Günter Johannes Henz: Leopold von Ranke in Geschichtsdenken und Forschung. Bd. 1: Persönlichkeit, Werkentstehung, Wirkungsgeschichte, 679 S. Bd. 2: Grundlagen und Wege der Forschung. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot 2014. 800 S.
No full textWhere heat adaptation is needed most - an open-source approach to developing a transferable heat risk index for urban planning
No full textWith rising temperatures and ongoing demographic shifts, heat-related health risks are expected to intensify in the coming decades, highlighting the need for tailored adaptation and mitigation strategies – especially in densely populated urban areas. This study presents a transferable approach for constructing a Heat Risk Index (HRI) using open-source data and tools to support urban stakeholders in identifying and addressing heat vulnerability. The HRI integrates climatological data (hazard), population distribution (exposure), and socio-demographic factors (sensitivity) to assess spatial heat risk patterns across urban areas. Within three model cities, population groups were identified by conducting a Latent Class Analysis (LCA) based on social vulnerability data. Three latent classes (LCs) were consistently found across cities: “Young & Diverse”, “Adults & Citizens” and “Elderly & Single-Household”. Heat risk was distributed unevenly among these groups and spatially within each city. By mapping both heat exposure and social vulnerability, the study offers a practical tool for risk mitigation in urban planning. While this approach enhances understanding heat-related vulnerability, it faces limitations related to data resolution, model assumptions, and static representations of risk. Further research should explore whether similar risk groups can be identified across multiple cities, or whether variations in urban structure – such as infrastructural and social – lead to different patterns of heat risk within cities. Additionally, adapting the HRI to different seasons or daytimes or developing personas for each population group to establish a more advanced planning tool for local stakeholders in heat risk management could be a different future research approach
Digital health applications, telemedicine and large language models in dermatology: results of a Germany‐wide survey
No full textBackground: Digital technologies offer opportunities for dermatological care, but there is a lack of systematic data on their use and acceptance, particularly with regard to digital health applications (DiGA) and large language models (LLMs).
Patients and methods: From November 2024 to January 2025, an anonymous online survey was conducted among German dermatologists as part of continuing education courses. The survey covered the use of and attitudes towards telemedicine, DiGA and LLMs, as well as competence assessments and education needs.
Results: 100 dermatologists participated (64% female, average age 40.6 years). 58% stated that they did not currently offer telemedicine services; only 5% regularly used video consultations. 21% had already prescribed DiGA, with the majority (78%) seeing this as the responsibility of general practitioners. 96% of dermatologists believed that DiGA could improve medical care. The main barriers cited were lack of knowledge (76%), lack of time (74%), insufficient remuneration and a complex prescription process (43% each). 45% of respondents had used LLMs in a professional context. 76% rated the impact of digitalization on patient care as positive, and 80% expressed a desire for training opportunities on the use of digital technologies in everyday medical practice.
Conclusion: Digitalization and, in particular, DiGA are viewed positively by most dermatologists, but digital services are hardly used at present. Targeted knowledge expansion and specific training opportunities could significantly promote the implementation of digital technologies in everyday dermatological practice
Medikamentöse Therapie des frühen Mammakarzinoms: Diskussion des 19. Internationalen St.-Gallen-Konsensus
No full textOFP-07-002 Deep learning-based prediction scores in colorectal cancer and their association to tumour morphology, biology and predicted drug response [Abstract]
No full textRezension: Nino Luraghi (Hg.): The Splendors and Miseries of Ruling Alone. Encounters with Monarchy from Archaic Greece to the Hellenistic Mediterranean (Studies in Ancient Monarchies 1). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag 2013
No full textCommunity estimate of global glacier mass changes from 2000 to 2023
No full textGlaciers are indicators of ongoing anthropogenic climate change1. Their melting leads to increased local geohazards2, and impacts marine3 and terrestrial4,5 ecosystems, regional freshwater resources6, and both global water and energy cycles7,8. Together with the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, glaciers are essential drivers of present9,10 and future11,12,13 sea-level rise. Previous assessments of global glacier mass changes have been hampered by spatial and temporal limitations and the heterogeneity of existing data series14,15,16. Here we show in an intercomparison exercise that glaciers worldwide lost 273 ± 16 gigatonnes in mass annually from 2000 to 2023, with an increase of 36 ± 10% from the first (2000–2011) to the second (2012–2023) half of the period. Since 2000, glaciers have lost between 2% and 39% of their ice regionally and about 5% globally. Glacier mass loss is about 18% larger than the loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet and more than twice that from the Antarctic Ice Sheet17. Our results arise from a scientific community effort to collect, homogenize, combine and analyse glacier mass changes from in situ and remote-sensing observations. Although our estimates are in agreement with findings from previous assessments14,15,16 at a global scale, we found some large regional deviations owing to systematic differences among observation methods. Our results provide a refined baseline for better understanding observational differences and for calibrating model ensembles12,16,18, which will help to narrow projection uncertainty for the twenty-first century11,12,18
Effectiveness of long-acting injectable antipsychotics versus oral antipsychotics in people with bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies = Efficacité des antipsychotiques injectables à action prolongée par rapport aux antipsychotiques oraux chez les personnes atteintes de troubles bipolaires: revue systématique et méta-analyse d'études observationnelles
No full textBackgroundRandomised trials suggest long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) may outperform oral antipsychotics (OAPs) regarding adherence and relapse prevention in bipolar disorder (BD). We aimed to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of LAIs versus OAPs in observational studies.MethodsSearching MEDLINE/Embase/PsycINFO until March-25-2025, we conducted a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis (pre-registered protocol: https://osf.io/gkwrp) of observational studies comparing LAIs versus OAPs in people with BD (primary outcome = study-defined relapse/psychiatric hospitalisation).ResultsSeventeen studies (4 = cohort, 13 = mirror-image studies; 6186/3676 participants with BD, respectively, high-quality per Newcastle-Ottawa Scale Score ≥7 = 47.1%) were included. The relative risk (RR) for study-defined relapse/psychiatric hospitalisation was significantly lower with LAIs versus OAPs in cohort (k = 4, RR = 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.44;0.90, P = 0.026) and mirror-image studies (k = 5, RR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.28;0.77, P = 0.013). LAIs were not significantly superior to OAPs in high-quality cohort studies (k = 3, P = 0.78) but in those adjusted for >5 factors (k = 2, RR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.37;0.84, P = 0.006) nor in high-quality mirror-image studies (k = 2, P = 0.38), but in each second-generation antipsychotic-LAIs study (aripiprazole-LAI: k = 2, risperidone-LAI: k = 1) (k = 3, RR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.20;0.80, P = 0.03). In cohort studies, LAIs and OAPs did not differ regarding psychiatric hospitalisations (k = 3, P = 0.078) but data on discontinuation and mortality risk were lacking/not meta-analysable. In mirror-image studies, LAIs were associated with significantly lower psychiatric (k = 4, RR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.25;0.99, P = 0.048) and depression-related (k = 2, RR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.24;0.86, P = 0.014), but not mania-related hospitalisation risk (k = 2, P = 0.075). LAIs were associated with fewer psychiatric hospitalisations (k = 7, SMD = -1.73, 95% CI = -2.88;-0.57, P = 0.011), hospitalisation days (k = 9, SMD = -1.35, 95% CI = -2.19;-0.52, P = 0.006), mania-related hospitalisations (k = 3, SMD = -0.87, 95% CI = -1.19;-0.56, P < 0.001) and manic episodes (k = 3, SMD = -1.13, 95% CI = -2.00;-0.26, P = 0.03), but not any mood (k = 4, P = 0.13) or depressive episodes (k = 3, P = 0.14). Tolerability outcomes were missing, and GRADE certainty-of-evidence was "low" to "very low".DiscussionLAIs were superior versus OAPs in preventing relapse/hospitalisation in cohort and mirror-image studies, in the latter particularly for mania-related outcomes. More robust mirror-image and controlled cohort studies are needed to better assess the effectiveness and tolerability of LAI antipsychotics in BD
