Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan
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Targeted Educational Materials for Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intervention among Urban Adolescents in Jakarta: A Mixed-Methods Study
No full textThis study aims to identify the educational needs of urban adolescents in Jakarta to improve their Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) regarding Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs). Its goal is to develop tailored educational material topics regarding SSBs related to health risks, such as obesity and Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research was conducted across five public senior high schools in all five areas of Jakarta from January to February 2024. The quantitative component involved a survey of 488 students to assess their KAP related to SSBs. The KAP formed the basis of the educational materials. The qualitative approach involves 2 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with students and 8 In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) with teachers and experts focusing on adolescents’ nutrition and health. The insights were used for the development of the educational materials. The qualitative data were transcribed, coded, and analysed thematically to pinpoint essential educational materials that could bridge the gaps identified in the quantitative data. Results showed that only 18.8% of adolescents had good knowledge, 13.9% had a positive attitude, and 32.4% exhibited healthy practices regarding SSBs. Findings revealed critical issues: poor knowledge, negative attitude, and unhealthy practice regarding the maximum daily sugar intake, inadequate understanding of the nutritional value of sugar, infrequent checking of sugar content before consuming SSBs, limited awareness of SSBs\u27 negative health impacts, and poor knowledge of SSB examples and food labelling practices. Educational materials are needed to address critical gaps in adolescents’ KAP related to SSBs. These materials should focus on raising awareness about the health risks of SSBs, understanding sugar content, improving food labelling literacy, and promoting healthier beverage choices. Future research should assess the implementation and effectiveness of tailored educational strategies to enhance adolescents\u27 KAP related to SSBs, address critical health risks, and promote informed beverage choices
Dark Chocolate: A Review on the Effect of Functional Ingredient Substitution on Physicochemical Properties, Sensorial Acceptance and Potential Health Benefits
No full textThis scoping review aimed to evaluate evidence from 2013 to 2024 on the impact of substituting functional ingredients in dark chocolates in terms of their physicochemical properties, sensory acceptance, and potential health benefits. A literature search was performed using electronic databases including PubMed (National Library of Medicine), Science Direct (Elsevier), and Scopus (Elsevier), using data from 2013 to 2024. All types of studies published in English, excluding systematic reviews or review papers, were eligible for inclusion. A total of 1,067 eligible studies were identified, 24 of which met the inclusion criteria. This review highlights trends and existing gaps, and provides valuable insights for researchers, industry professionals, and consumers interested in chocolate formulation and consumption. The findings indicate that incorporating functional ingredients, such as fibres, polyphenols, and probiotics, can enhance the nutritional profile of dietary fibre, antioxidant activity, and gut health effect from dark chocolate. However, these substitutions are negatively affected by decreasing physical properties (e.g., hardness, viscosity, and melting temperature) and sensory attributes such as flavour and texture. This review shows that, although substituting functional ingredients improves nutritional quality, it negatively affects sensory characteristics and poses a significant challenge to consumers. Further research should explore novel ingredients to optimise nutritional profiles, increase health benefits, and improve sensory attributes of chocolate products
Association of Household Food Security Status and Dietary Diversity among Children during COVID-19
No full textThe aim of this study is to identify food security status and its association with dietary diversity among children from low-income households (B40) during COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 174 mothers and their children (<2 years old) residing in Selangor urban area. The data collection was collected through sociodemographic questionnaire to assess maternal and children’s sociodemographic characteristics, Household Food Insecurity Scale (HFIAS) to assess household food insecurity status, and Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD)-Children 6‒23 months to assess dietary diversity score for children. The data was analyzed descriptively and a Chi-square test was used to find the relationship between food insecurity and dietary diversity. Findings showed that 105 participants (62.6%) was food insecure, there was 52.9% had low dietary diversity. There was no association between food insecure and dietary variety among B40 mothers living in urban area in Selangor. However, this study found that maternal education level (p=0.006), years of education (p=0.014) and the number of household income recipient (p=0.018) are significantly associated with the food insecurity. This study has provided the prevalence of food insecurity among B40 living in urban area and it is suggested that further research involving diverse household income of participants and research areas should be done to provide better insights on food insecurity and dietary diversity among children in Malaysia
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity and Its Association with Nutrition-related Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) Among Malaysian Deaf Adults
No full textThis study examines the prevalence of overweight and obesity and determines the association between nutrition-related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) and obesity among deaf adults from low-income households in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Using purposive sampling, 120 deaf adults from three community centres participated in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric measurements and sociodemographic data were taken along with information on nutritionrelated KAP were collected via a validated questionnaire with assistance from a certified Malaysian sign language interpreter. The average age of participants was 43.1±10.5 years, with a majority being female, Malay, and educated at the secondary level. Overweight and obesity prevalence reached 58.3%. Mean scores for nutrition-related KAP were 53.1±17.5, 4.2±1.7, and 7.4±2.2, respectively. Lower scores in healthy eating practices were significantly associated with higher odds of obesity after adjusting for age, ethnicity, education years, waist-to-hip ratio and body fat percentage (OR=0.73; 95% CI: 0.55‒0.97; p<0.05). Poor eating practices are associated with obesity among deaf adults. A targeted nutrition education initiative addressing the specific needs of this population is essential to reduce obesity risks
Association between Physical Activity Level and Body Weight Status, Body Composition, Cardiovascular Health and Physical Activity Level in Terengganu Adults
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the association between Physical Activity Level (PAL) and body weight status, body composition (body fat percentage, muscle mass, total body water, visceral fat and bone mass) among adults in Terengganu. This study involved 150 participants age ranged from 19–60 years old (72 males and 78 females). PAL was determined using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), while height, weight and body composition were measured using standard measurement tools. Cardiovascular health and fitness were assessed using blood pressure, heart rate and beep test. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed for data analysis. From the analysis, there was a positive association between PAL and body fat percentage independent of other factors (p=0.003), however, there was no other association with other factors. These findings contribute to our understanding of the influence between body weight, body composition, cardiovascular health and PAL in adults. Although the future study may require a bigger sample size, the finding of this study highlights the importance of physical activity to improve overall health
Experience of Healthcare Providers on Enteral Nutrition: Challenges and Ways to Improve Current Practice
No full textThe aim of this qualitative study is to explore the experience of Healthcare Providers (HCPs) in Enteral Nutrition (EN) practice in hospital settings, the challenges they encounter, and the possible ways to improve the current practice. The study involved conducting in-depth interviews with expert panels, including clinicians, dietitians, nurses, and academic professionals who are involved in clinical or teaching practices related to EN. The recording of the interview was transcribed verbatim after each session. The coding process was done using the computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software Atlas-Ti. The thematic analysis procedure by Braun and Clarke is used to analyze the transcription. At the end of the study, eleven interviews were conducted, transcribed, and analyzed. Six themes addressing the challenges in EN were identified. The themes are standardization of EN practice, enteral feeding provision, knowledge of nurses, attitude of HCPs, skills of nurses, and resources in the healthcare facility. In addition to that, four themes addressing the current needs of EN practice were also documented. The themes identified are EN guidelines and protocols, improving Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) on EN, continuous education on EN, and improving healthcare facilities. The insights shared by the participants can be thoroughly examined to develop strategies for enhancing existing EN processes
Association of Vitamin D with Insulin Resistance and Pancreatic β-Cell Function in Non-Diabetic Obese Staff: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textThis research explored whether vitamin D status is related to Insulin Resistance (IR) and pancreatic β-cell performance among non-diabetic obese employees at Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Insulin resistance and β-cell activity were assessed using the Homeostatic Model Assessment—specifically Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) as an indicator of insulin resistance and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Beta-Cell Function (HOMA-B) to evaluate β-cell function. The study applied a cross-sectional design conducted from January to July 2020 and involved 81 obese hospital staff without diabetes. Measurements included Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Fasting Insulin (FI), and Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], all analyzed with automated instruments. HOMA-IR and HOMA-B indices were derived from FBG and FI using standard formulas. Statistical analysis used the Spearman correlation test with a significance threshold of p<0.05, followed by multivariate linear regression. The participants were predominantly female (58%), aged 18–58 years, with a mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of 31.46±3.99 kg/m². Average vitamin D levels were 14.84±5.48 ng/mL, while median values for HOMA-IR and HOMA-B were 2.30 and 193.09%, respectively. The results indicated that vitamin D concentrations did not show a meaningful correlation with either HOMA-IR (r=0.071; p=0.530) or HOMA-B (r=−0.106; p=0.347). BMI demonstrated the strongest association with HOMA-IR (β=0.165), and HOMA-IR was the variable most strongly related to HOMA-B (β=21.83). Overall, this study concludes that baseline vitamin D levels are not significantly linked to insulin resistance or pancreatic β-cell function, as reflected by HOMA-IR and HOMA-B measurements, among non-diabetic obese staff at Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital
Fatty Acid Composition of Mature Breast Milk in Malay Women from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
No full textThis study aimed to determine the Fatty Acid (FA) composition in human mature milk and the relationship between essential FA levels in breast milk and maternal dietary intake during postpartum period. This study enrolled seventeen exclusively breastfeeding women with full-term, disease-free babies (26‒64 days). Milk samples were collected using Absorbent Spot Cards. Subsequently, gas chromatography was performed to analyze FA composition. The total FA constituted saturated fatty acids (40.56±2.62%), monounsaturated fatty acids (43.54±2.60%), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (14.01±1.34%). No relationship was observed between maternal dietary omega-3 FA intake and human milk omega-3 content. These findings suggest that humans have a reservoir to store FA for babies during pregnancy and that omega-3 content in human milk was not influenced by postpartum maternal diet. It highlights the importance of maternal diet during pregnancy for optimal fatty acid levels in breast milk