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Testing the CONIC model: The interplay of conscientiousness and interest in predicting academic effort
No full textBackground
This report comprises two studies that more closely examined the Conscientiousness × Interest Compensation (CONIC) model by Trautwein, Nagengast, Roberts, and Lüdtke (2019) under laboratory conditions. The model specifies individual and compensatory effects of conscientiousness and individual interest on academic effort.
Aims
This research piece examines the assumed relationships between the three core variables of the CONIC model.
Samples
The first study was conducted with 152 university students and the second study included 120 university students randomly distributed across two experimental conditions and one control condition.
Methods
In an initial modeling study, we investigated the model assumptions in two different learning contexts and tested them using structural equation modeling (SEM). In a subsequent experimental study, we manipulated the predictor variables of academic effort to either promote conscientious or interest-based learning. The group differences were examined using multigroup SEM.
Results
In the modeling study, interest was always and conscientiousness at least partially a positive and significant predictor of academic effort. A compensatory effect of interest and conscientiousness could not be found. In the experimental study, promoting conscientious learning resulted in interest showing up as a stronger predictor of academic effort. However, promoting interest-based learning crystallized conscientiousness as the stronger predictor of academic effort. Moreover, the compensatory effect of the two personality traits was significantly stronger in the groups where conscientiousness or interest-based learning was promoted than in the control group.
Conclusions
Results provide support for the CONIC model and particularly highlight the compensatory effects of conscientiousness and interest at the model's heart
A stochastic flexibility calculus for uncertainty-aware energy flexibility management
No full textThe increasing share of volatile renewables in power systems requires more reserves to balance forecast errors in renewable generation and power fluctuations. In contrast, common reserves such as gas-fired power plants are phased out, impeding the procurement of sufficient reserves. Alternative reserves, particularly on the demand side, such as battery storage systems, also exhibit some degree of freedom to deviate from their scheduled operating point to supply or consume more or less power, thus providing a flexibility potential. However, demand-side flexibility potentials are generally subject to uncertainties, and so is the generation of volatile renewables. The challenge is incorporating the uncertainties on both sides to procure sufficient (uncertain) flexibility potential in advance. Considering uncertainty is important to avoid additional, drastic measures in real-time to balance generation and demand, such as curtailing renewable generation or load shedding. This work presents a stochastic flexibility calculus that provides an indicator for computing the risk of insufficient flexibility potentials or, conversely, guarantees for sufficient flexibility potentials. Thus, the stochastic flexibility calculus contributes to overcoming the challenge of procuring sufficient flexibility potentials in renewable-based systems. An evaluation based on real data is performed using an example of a renewable energy community consisting of households equipped with photovoltaic power plants and battery storage systems. The newly introduced stochastic flexibility calculus computes the number of households that must operate their battery storage systems flexibly to balance forecast errors locally. The results show that the forecast method significantly influences this number. Some numerical results appear unexpected, as too many flexibility-friendly households can negatively impact the aggregated household flexibility potential
Qualitative and quantitative convergence results for randomised integration methods
No full textIn this thesis different randomised integration methods based on either, randomised Quasi-Monte Carlo, or (adaptive) Markov chain Monte Carlo methods are studied. Depending on the underlying integration problem we show qualitative and quantitative results, which ensure the asymptotic correctness of an algorithm or provide explicit error bounds.
The first problem we consider is Lebesgue integration in the unit cube. We prove that a class of structured randomised integration methods is consistent w.r.t. convergence in mean and probability for any integrable function. Under slightly stronger integrability conditions we show that one also has almost sure convergence for median modified methods. We demonstrate the applicability of our theoretical results by considering randomly shifted lattice rules, randomised (t,d)-sequences, Latin hypercube samples, and randomised Frolov points.
Secondly, we study integration w.r.t. probability measures which are available only via their non-normalised density. In this context we investigate Markov chain Monte Carlo methods which satisfy a spectral gap condition and functions which do not need to have a finite second moment. We prove error bounds for the absolute mean error where the rate of convergence is optimal. Illustrative scenarios where our theory is applicable are the random walk Metropolis algorithm as well as slice samplers.
Finally, we study so-called adaptive increasingly rare Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. Based on a simultaneous Wasserstein contraction assumption we estimate the mean squared error and also prove bounds which characterise the path-wise convergence of the estimator. To demonstrate the applicability of our results we consider a number of examples, among which are doubly intractable distributions
Sanov-type large deviations and conditional limit theorems for high-dimensional Orlicz balls
No full textIn this paper, we prove a Sanov-type large deviation principle for the sequence of empirical measures of vectors chosen uniformly at random from an Orlicz ball. From this level-2 large deviation result, in a combination with Gibbs conditioning, entropy maximization and an Orlicz version of the Poincaré-Maxwell-Borel lemma, we deduce a conditional limit theorem for high-dimensional Orlicz balls. In more geometric parlance, the latter shows that if V1 and V2 are Orlicz functions, then random points in the V1-Orlicz ball, conditioned on having a small V2-Orlicz radius, look like an appropriately scaled V2-Orlicz ball. In fact, we show that the limiting distribution in our Poincaré-Maxwell-Borel lemma, and thus the geometric interpretation, undergoes a phase transition depending on the magnitude of the V2-Orlicz radius
Enhancing adoption of sustainable product innovations : addressing reduced performance with risk-reducing product modifications
No full textPast studies have shown that the probability of the successful diffusion of sustainable product innovations is strikingly low. A potentially promising marketing strategy to reduce negative consumer perceptions of sustainable product innovations is risk-reducing product modifications (RPMs), which account for behavioral adjustments and performance uncertainties by employing an additional component that uses established technology. This research strives to empirically test the potential positive effects of RPMs using two studies on electric vehicles with and without range extenders as prime examples of RPM: (1) an online survey of potential adopters and (2) a postadoption survey of early adopters. The results show that RPMs increase the adoption of sustainable product innovations. Consumers’ tendency to overestimate their true needs and their need for insurance against insufficient performance explain the effectiveness of RPM
Decomposing finite Z-algebras
No full textFor a finite Z-algebra R, i.e., for a ring which is not necessarily associative or unitary, but whose additive group is finitely generated, we construct a decomposition of R/Ann(R) into directly indecomposable factors under weak hypotheses. The method is based on constructing and decomposing a ring of scalarsS, and then lifting the decomposition ofSto the bilinear map given by the multiplication of R, and finally to R/Ann(R). All steps of the construction are given as explicit algorithms and it is shown that the entire procedure has a probabilistic polynomial time complexity in the bit size of the input, except for the possible need to calculate the prime factorization of an integer. In particular, in the case when Ann(R)=0, these algorithms compute direct decompositions of R into directly indecomposable factors
Rebricking frames and bases
No full textIn 1949, Denis Gabor introduced the “complex signal” (nowadays called “analytic signal”) by combining a real function fwith its Hilbert transform Hfto a complex function f+iHf. His aim was to extract phase information, an idea that has inspired techniques as the monogenic signal and the complex dual tree wavelet transform. In this manuscript, we consider two questions: When do two real-valued bases or frames {fn:n∈N} and {gn:n∈N} form a complex basis or frame of the form {fn+ign:n∈N}? And for which bounded linear operators Adoes {fn+iAfn:n∈N} form a complex-valued orthonormal basis, Riesz basis or frame, when {fn:n ∈N} is a real-valued orthonormal basis, Riesz basis or frame? We call this approach rebricking. It is well-known that the analytic signals don’t span the complex vector space L2(R; C), hence H is not a rebricking operator. We give a full characterization of rebricking operators for bases, in particular orthonormal and Riesz bases, Parseval frames, and frames in general. We also examine the special case of finite dimensional vector spaces and show that we can use any real, invertible matrix for rebricking if we allow for permutations in the imaginary part
Citizens’ ideas of participation: using the Draw&Write technique as a survey tool
No full textIn einer bayernweiten postalischen Umfrage wurden unter Anwendung der Draw&Write -Technik die Zielpersonen gebeten, ihre Vorstellung von Demokratie zu zeichnen. Eine Bildtypenanalyse ergab zwar, dass die Bilder im erhobenen Datensatz die große Bedeutung bestätigen, die der Wahl in der Demokratie zukommt. Doch führt die in diesem Bereich neue Methode zu beachtlichen Differenzen verglichen mit den Ergebnissen standardisierter Umfragen. Der Mehrwert der Draw&Write -Technik zeigt sich darin, dass das Datenmaterial nicht nur die bekannten Kategorien der repräsentativen, direktdemokratischen, deliberativen oder demonstrativen Beteiligung spiegelt. Ein Teil der Zeichnungen wurde zwei weiteren Kategorien zugeordnet: 1) Klagen über empfundene Ohnmacht und Einflusslosigkeit angesichts eines repräsentativen Herrschaftssystems sowie 2) Appelle an Konsensfähigkeit und die Bereitschaft zur Verantwortungsübernahme als Bedingungen, die die Bürger:innen erfüllen müssen, wenn Beteiligung am politischen Prozess gelingen soll. Weiterhin ist das Ergebnis von großem Wert, weil das Zeichnen im Rahmen eines postalischen Surveys genutzt wurde. Ein Bias besteht lediglich hinsichtlich der Bildungsvariable, was aber auch bei der Anwendung offener Fragen zu erwarten wäre.In a Bavaria-wide postal survey, the target persons were asked to draw their idea of democracy using the Draw&Write technique. An image type analysis showed that the images in the collected data set confirm the great importance attached to voting in a democracy. However, the new method used in this area leads to considerable differences compared to the results of standardised surveys. The added value of the Draw&Write technique is demonstrated by the fact that the data material not only reflects the familiar categories of representative, direct-democratic, deliberative or demonstrative participation. Some of the drawings were assigned to two further categories: 1) complaints about perceived powerlessness and lack of influence in the face of a representative system of rule and 2) appeals for consensus and a willingness to take responsibility as conditions that citizens must fulfil if participation in the political process is to succeed. Furthermore, the result is of great value because the drawing task was used as part of a postal survey. There is only a bias with regard to the education variable, but this is also to be expected when using open-ended questions
Die Rechtsfolgen eines fehlerhaften Massenentlassungsverfahrens : eine am Sinn und Zweck des Verfahrens orientierte und folglich verhältnismäßige Anwendung der Unwirksamkeitsfolge
No full textIn ständiger Rechtsprechung sanktioniert das Bundesarbeitsgericht fehlerhafte Massenentlassungsverfahren mit der Unwirksamkeit der Entlassungen, § 134 BGB i. V. mit § 17 KSchG. Die Arbeit untersucht anhand einer dreistufigen Prüfung, ob und wie geschehene Fehler zu sanktionieren sind.
1) Fehler sind immer dann zu sanktionieren, wenn sie den Sinn und Zweck des Verfahrens tangieren, wenn sie also relevant sind. 2) Arbeitnehmer:innen können sich auf einen Fehler nur berufen, wenn sie von diesem betroffen sind. 3) Erscheint eine Sanktion im konkreten Einzelfall als unangemessen, ist eine Ausnahme vom Unwirksamkeitsverdikt zu gewähren – andere, ggf. weniger weitreichende Rechtsfolgen kommen dann aber ebenfalls nicht in Betracht.The Federal Labour Court has consistently sanctioned incorrect collective redundancy procedures with the ineffectiveness of the dismissals, § 134 BGB (German Civil Code) in conjunction with § 17 KSchG (Protection Against Unfair Dismissal Act). The work uses a three-stage analysis to examine whether and how mistakes that have been made must be sanctioned.
1) Mistakes always must be sanctioned if they affect the meaning and purpose of the procedure, so if they are relevant. 2) Employees can only invoke a mistake if they are affected by it. 3) If the sanction appears to be inappropriate in the specific individual case, an exception to the ineffectiveness verdict must be granted – however, other, possibly less far-reaching legal consequences are then not possible
Universitätsbibliothek Passau: Jahresbericht 2023
No full textJahresbericht der Universitätsbibliothek Passau für das Jahr 2023