OPUS - Volltextserver Universität Passau
Not a member yet
1021 research outputs found
Sort by
Krankenstand
Get PDFVORWORT
Die Arbeitsunfähigkeit wegen Krankheit führt zu arbeitsrechtlichen Ansprüchen des Arbeitnehmers gegen den Arbeitgeber sowie in weiterer Folge zu verschiedenen sozialrechtlichen Ansprüchen. In der täglichen politischen Debatte wird dieses Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Arbeitnehmer, Arbeitgeber, dem die Krankheit feststellenden Arzt und den leistungspflichtigen Sozialversicherungsträgern gelegentlich mit wechselseitigem Misstrauen gesehen. Es hat sich daher angeboten, auf Basis wissenschaftlich fundierter Daten und Quellen diesen Themenbereich umfassend aufzuarbeiten und einer objektiven Analyse zu stellen.
Gerade hier zeigt sich der Rechtsvergleich zwischen Österreich und Deutschland trotz vieler parallel bestehender Regelungen als höchst aufschlussreich. Die 13. Deutsch-Österreichischen Sozialrechtsgespräche (27. und 28. 1.2011) widmeten sich der wissenschaftlichen Durchdringung der Probleme rund um die Krankschreibung und den Krankenstand und bringen dazu den interessanten Rechtsvergleich zwischen Deutschland und Österreich.
Die Herausgeber schulden der Oberösterreichischen Gebietskrankenkasse für die maßgebende Unterstützung der Tagung und dieses Tagungsbandes Dank.
INHALTSVERZEICHNIS
Karl Schableger
Krankenstand: Zahlen, Daten, Fakten - Erklärungsansätze 1
Peter ]abornegg
Arbeitsrecht und Krankenstand Informations- und Kontrollrechte des Arbeitgebers 31
Frank Bayreuther
Arbeitsrecht und Krankenstand in Deutschland 45
Johanna Naderhirn
Krankenstand und sozialrechtliche Absicherung- Die Rechtslage in Österreich 61
Otfried Seewald
Krankenstand und sozialrechtliche Absicherung 79
Wilfried Giegler
Arbeitsunfähigkeitsmanagement in der Praxis 155
Susanne Jacobs-Finkelmeier
Der Krankenstand - Arbeitsunfähigkeitsmanagement aus der Praxis Case Management für Krankenkassen - ein effektives und nachhaltiges Steuerungsinstrument bei Arbeitsunfähigkeiten infolge psychischer Störungen 17
Lernen im Sozialraum - Ein Seminar zu bildungsbiografischen Übergängen und Verläufen von Kindern
Get PDFIn diesem Beitrag wird ein Seminarkonzept vorgestellt, das am Lehrstuhl für Grundschulpädagogik entwickelt und erprobt wird. Auf Basis von Theorien situierten Lernens werden Studierende in sozialraumorientierte Jugendhilfe- und Schulentwicklungsplanung eingeführt und öffnen dabei den Blick für die soziale Netzwerkbildung auf lokaler Ebene. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind die Analyse der Schnittstelle von Schule und wohnortnahen sozialen Diensten und die daraus resultierenden pädagogischen Handlungsmöglichkeiten
Due Diligence im Private Equity – Einsatz und Rolle quantitativer Methoden bei Private Equity Transaktionen
Get PDFDie vorliegende Arbeit untersucht auf Basis einer umfassenden weltweiten empirischen Befragung die Arbeitsweise und das Entscheidungsverhalten von Private Equity Professionals in der Transaktionspraxis. Ausgehend von einer empirischen Beurteilung von Due Diligence mit Hinblick auf die Notwendigkeit ihrer Durchführung im Kontext von Informations- und Prognoseproblem zeigt die Untersuchung auf, wie sich die quantitative Arbeit in der Private Equity Praxis ausgestaltet und ordnet diese in ihrem Zusammenspiel mit weichen Faktoren und Expertenwissen bzw. persönlicher Erfahrung ein. Zuletzt wird auf Basis der verfügbaren Daten eine Brücke zwischen Einsatz & Rolle quantitativer Methoden und weicher Faktoren bei der Investitionsentscheidung und der Performance von Private Equity Gesellschaften geschlagen.
Die Arbeit gliedert sich in folgende sechs Hauptabschnitte:
- Einleitung
- Aktuelle Forschung zu Private Equity und Motivation der Arbeit
- Private Equity – eine Einführung
- Grundlegende Informationsprobleme und Unsicherheiten bei einem Unternehmenskauf: Informationsasymmetrien und Prognoseproblem
- Empirische Untersuchung: Due Diligence im Private Equity – Einsatz und Rolle quantitativer Methoden bei Private Equity Transaktionen
- Schlussbemerkung und Ausblic
Vier Artikel zur Lokalen Politischen Ökonomie
Get PDFDie vorgelegte Dissertationsschrift setzt sich empirisch mit Themen der Lokalen Politischen Ökonomie auseinander. Durch die Analyse bayerischer Kommunaldaten werden kausale Effekte parteipolitischer Machtverhältnisse, kausale Effekte von Parteibanden auf das Zuteilen legaler Renten sowie kausale Effekte steigender Bezahlung auf die Eigenschaften von Lokalpolitikern untersucht
Projektvorstellung: Katastrophen-Diegese und Katastrophen-Exegese (KDE)
Get PDFProjekt des Virtuellen Zentrums für kultursemiotische Forschung zum Verhältnis von Erklärung und Erzählung sowie von natur- und kulturwissenschaftlicher Erkenntnis
Universitätsbibliothek Passau: Jahresbericht 2015
Get PDFJahresbericht der Universitätsbibliothek Passau für das Jahr 2015
Three essays on the production and investment decisions of households living in rural India
Get PDFIn order to end poverty by 2030, the declared goal of the United Nations, a better understanding is needed which policies help poor households to escape poverty and how to end its inter-generational transmission.
Since the Millennium Declaration in September 2000, and the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the delivery of basic social services, such as education, health, water supply and sanitation, has become the central focus of international development assistance.
However, the provision of basic social services is not necessarily sufficient to lead to an accumulation of human and productive capital, which would allow households to escape poverty and interrupt its inter-generational transmission.
To understand why people are poor, we need to understand what productive decisions poor households take, and to identify what constraints households face in their attempt to accumulate human, as well as, productive capital. A better understanding of such constraints could guide policies that have a long-term impact on poverty reduction and on development.
A number of factor could explain why poor households operate at unprofitable levels and why they are constrained in their investment decisions. Empirical evidence points to different explanations: cost of learning and access to information, insufficient education, risk, credit constraints, non-convex production technologies, and behavioral patterns that are inconsistent with standard neoclassical models. Currently, one of the major challenges in formulating policies that foster productive investments among the poor, seems to be to disentangle the effects of scale, credit constraints, and the lack of insurance mechanisms.
This thesis seeks to shed further light on the relative role of these three constraints. In the context of rural India, it analyzes what production and investment decisions households take and how important risk and credit constraints as well as scale effects are in these decisions. Finally, it evaluates potential policy tools that could support households in overcoming these constraints.
Today, 33% of the world's poor live in India, the vast majority of them (80.5%) in rural areas. The economic structure of rural India is still dominated by agricultural production, and consequently, this thesis concentrates on agricultural production decisions and employment in agriculture.
In particular, this thesis addresses three questions in three individual papers: First, are farm households constrained in their crop choices by agricultural production risk and to which extent can India's public works program support households in overcoming this constraint? Second, how profitable is cattle farming in rural India at different levels of investment and which barriers do households face in reaching optimal investment levels? And third, can risk in agricultural wages explain limited investment in girls' education in the presence of intra-household substitution in household chores?
The first paper focuses on crop choice of farm households. It reassesses the stylized fact that households have to trade-off between returns and risk in their crop choice in the context of Andhra Pradesh, a state in the south of India. It then explores the effect of India's flagship anti-poverty program, the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS) on households' crop choice using a representative panel data set. The NREGS guarantees each household living in rural India up to a hundred days of employment per year, at state minimum wages.
The paper shows theoretically, and empirically, that the introduction of the NREGS reduces households' uncertainty about future income streams because it provides reliable employment opportunities in rural areas independently of weather shocks and crop failure. With access to the NREGS, households can compensate income losses emanating from shocks to agricultural production. Households with access to the NREGS can therefore shift their production towards riskier but also more profitable crops. These shifts in agricultural production have the potential to considerably raise the incomes of smallholder farmers.
The paper concludes that employment guarantees can, similarly to crop insurance, help households in managing agricultural productions risks. It also argues that accounting for the effects of the NREGS on crop choice and profits from agricultural production affects the cost-benefit analysis of such a program considerably.
The second paper concentrates on the profitability of farming cattle in Andhra Pradesh.
The paper also uses a representative panel dataset, and examines average and marginal returns to cattle at different levels of cattle investment. It finds average returns in the order of -8% at the mean of cattle value. These returns vary across the cattle value distribution between negative 53% (in the lowest quintile) and positive 2% (in the highest). While marginal returns are positive on average, they also vary considerably with cattle value and breed. The paper shows that average and marginal returns are considerably higher for modern variety cows, i.e. European breeds and their crossbreeds, than for traditional varieties of cows or for buffaloes. It also shows that cattle farming becomes most profitable at minimum herd sizes of five animals, due to decreasing average labor costs with increasing herd sizes.
The results of this paper suggest that cattle farming is associated with sizable non-convexities in the production technology and that substantial economies of scale, as well as high upfront expenses of acquiring and feeding high-productivity animals, might trap poorer households in low-productivity asset levels. The fact that wealthier households and households with lower costs to access veterinary services are more likely to overcome these barriers, supports this idea.
The second paper concludes that cattle farming might well generate positive returns for households in rural India, but that most households seem to operate at unprofitable levels. This could also explain the apparent paradox between widespread support of cattle farming through agricultural policy interventions and negative returns to cattle, as stressed in recent works. It argues that policy interventions that target productive assets will only be beneficial if transfers are high enough to allow households to overcome these entry barriers.
The third paper concentrates on the effect of risk on the productive decisions of households, and analyzes the effect of wage risk in agricultural employment on women's labor supply and time allocated to home production. It seeks to understand the extent to which risk raises labor supply of women to levels that can become harmful for other members of the household. The hypothesis is that in the presence of intra-household substitution effects -- for instance in the performance of household chores -- increased female labor supply might have negative effects on the time allocation of girls. If women have less time available for home production and childcare, and such activities can only be foregone at high cost, they might be forced to take older girls out of school or to cut down on the time these girls study at home in order for them to fill in for these tasks.
The paper uses cross-sectional data on the time allocation of different household members and predicts wage risk at the village level as a function of the historical rainfall distribution and a village's share of land that is under irrigation. The results show that wage risk affects the time allocation of women, increasing their labor supply and reducing the time they allocate to home production. Wage risk also increases the time girls spend on household chores and reduces their time in school. Because the observed effect of wage risk on girls' time allocated to household chores corresponds very closely to the effect observed for women, it seems plausible to attribute it to intra-household substitution effects. The observed effect of risk on girls' school time, however, is greater than the observed effect of risk on the home-production time of girls. This can be due to two reasons: First, in the presence of intra-household substitution effects, shocks in wages will not only increase female labor supply but also girls' time on household chores. And the model predicts that risk-averse households invest less in education when future school time becomes uncertain, because future school time affects the returns to current schooling. Second, if school attendance is indivisible, then girls might be forced to drop out of school temporarily or even permanently.
The paper then simulates the effect of the NREGS on the time-allocation decisions of working women and school-age girls. The results suggest that the NREGS could increase the time working women spend on household duties, because it reduces uncertainty regarding future earnings, and alleviates the need to accumulate savings. Thereby, the NREGS would reduce the pressure on girls to perform household tasks and allow them to increase the time they spend in school or studying by 6 minutes daily.
Wit these findings, this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the choices poor households in rural India face in their day-to-day decision making, and offers insights into what policies could support households in escaping poverty, and interrupt its inter-generational transmission
Innovationen in der lehrerbildungsbezogenen Hochschullehre – das Projekt SKILL
Get PDFIm Rahmen der Bund-Länder-Initiative „Qualitätsverbesserungen in der Lehrerbildung“ hat ein Team von Lehrerbildungsfachleuten der Universität Passau 3.88 Mio Euro für qualitätsverbessernde Maßnahmen in der Lehrerbildung eingeworben. Das Projekt SKILL „Strategien des Kompetenzerwerbs: Innovative Lehrformate in der Lehrerbildung“ zielt auf einerseits strukturverbessernde Maßnahmen im Bereich der Studierendenberatung, der Nachhaltigkeitssicherung qualitätsverbessernder Maßnahmen und – Kern des Projekts – die Einrichtung eines Didaktischen Labors für die Entwicklung, Erprobung und Evaluation innovativer Lehrformate für die Lehrerbildung. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind dabei Lehrprojekte, bei denen überfakultär, inter- und transdisziplinär zusammengearbeitet wird mit dem Ziel, unterrichtsfachwissenschaftliche, didaktische und erziehungswissenschaftliche Studienanteile besser zu vernetzen. Der Beitrag stellt das Konzept des Projekts „SKILL“ vor
Arme sterben früher
No full textIm Rahmen einer Untersuchung des Bergarbeiterverhältnisse im 19. Jh. wurde festgestellt, dass der Invaliditätseintritt in immer jüngeren Jahren erfolgte. Auch die Sterblichkeit stieg mit den Jahren. Dies führte zu der Überlegung, ob nicht nur die Arbeitsbedingungen Ursache der Frühinvalidität und höheren Morbidität sind, sondern allein die Tatsache, zu einer bestimmten Bevölkerungsschicht zu gehören. Da dies ex post für die fragliche Zeit schwer nachzuvollziehen war, wurde untersucht, ob auch in heutiger Zeit Krankheit und Morbidität von der gesellschaftlichen Stellung abhängig sein könnte
Mechanisms driving technology use in the context of digital inequality: A series of essays on the role of social influence, socio-cognitive processes, and socio-economic determinants
Get PDFThis dissertation sets out to deepen our understanding on the causes and manifestations of digital inequality through the lens of technology adoption research. To this day, digital inequality remains an important and relevant societal issue. With the rapid proliferation of digital ICT over the last 20 years the nature of the phenomenon may have evolved from an access-based to an appropriation-based issue, yet its significance has not diminished. Again this backdrop, this dissertation aims to explore which mechanisms and factors influence why and how individuals use ICT in the context of digital inequality, and, in particular, what role social influence, socio-cognitive processes, and socio-economic determinants play. In a series of essays, this dissertation first develops a theoretical understanding of the concept of social influence, which plays an important role in determining whether and how individuals use a technology. Next, a process lens is adopted to explore the underlying mechanisms that drive individuals to disengage from a new technology and may lead to digital exclusion. Building on that, this dissertation examines how digital inequality manifests itself in the specific realm of e-commerce. This dissertation concludes with a practical perspective on the issue of digital inequality aimed at policy makers seeking to bridge the gap between digitally advantaged and disadvantaged users