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Using web archives for an explorative study of the web presence of German parties during the European election 2019
No full textIn the digital age, political science is faced with a shift of election campaigns and politi-
cal discourse to digital or virtual arenas. Because the internet is a highly volatile medium and online content can become inaccessible after the campaign season, new challenges for research arise as well as the need for the preservation of online content. Moreover, the sheer volume of data researchers have to deal with has reached levels where traditional methods are being highly challenged. This paper puts forth a web harvesting workflow with a strong focus on granular extraction of unstructured information (publication dates) for automated analysis. As our approach is methodological, we would like to point out the benefits that researches in political science may draw from adapting our methodology. We demonstrate this by analysing an event-based web crawl of German parties participating in the election campaign for the European Parliamentary Election in 2019. We employ distant reading methods to generate topic models, which are subsequently evaluated by hermeneutic analysis of a subset of the data
Gabor’s “complex signal” revisited: Complexifying frames and bases
No full textIn 1946, Dennis Gabor introduced the analytic signal + for real-valued signals . Here, is the Hilbert transform. This complexification of functions allows for an analysis of their amplitude and phase information and has ever since given well-interpretable insight into the properties of the signals over time.
The idea of complexification has been reconsidered with regard to many aspects: examples are the dual tree complex wavelet transform, or via the Riesz transform and the monogenic signal, that is, a multi-dimensional version of the Hilbert transform, which in combination with multi-resolution approaches leads to Riesz wavelets, and others. In this context, we ask two questions:
- Which pairs of real orthonormal bases (ONBs), Riesz bases, frames and Parseval frames { } ∈ℕ and { } ∈ℕ can be “rebricked” to complex-valued ones { + } ∈ℕ?
- And which real operators A allow for rebricking via the ansatz { + } ∈ℕ?
In this short note, we give answers to these questions with regard to a characterization which linear operators A are suitable for rebricking while maintaining the structure of the original real valued family. Surprisingly, the Hilbert transform is not among them
Different platforms, different plots? The Kremlin-controlled search engine Yandex as a resource for Russia’s informational influence in Belarus during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textExtant research demonstrated that the algorithms of the Kremlin-controlled search engine Yandex, compared to those of its US-based counterpart Google, frequently produce results that are biased toward the interests of Russia’s ruling elites. Prior research, however, audited Yandex’s algorithms largely within Russia. In contrast, this study is the first to assess the role of Yandex’s web search algorithms as a resource for Russia’s informational influence abroad. To do so, we conduct a comparative algorithm audit of Google and Yandex in Belarus, examining the visibility and narratives of COVID-19-related conspiracy theories in their search results. By manually analysing the content of 1320 search results collected in mid-April to mid-May 2020, we find that, compared with Google, (1) Yandex retrieves significantly more conspiratorial content (2) that close to exclusively suspects US plotters to be behind the pandemic, even though the virus spread from the Chinese city of Wuhan across the globe
Romantic objects, Victorian collections : scribal relics and the authorial body
No full textOver the course of the nineteenth century, literary manuscripts came to be seen as tangible evidence of the creative process and as a key to the personality of the author. The material traces of writing were understood to outlive their creators and promise to resurrect the authorial body through the magic of the relic. This article reconstructs how authorial script gradually transformed into a collectible object pursued as a memento and a commodity. Letters, drafts, and fair copies by major modern writers found their way into the collections of British aristocrats and American industrialists at the same time that hunting for literary autographs diversified into a middle-class pursuit. Surveying recent scholarship on nineteenth-century collecting and material culture, the essay offers a condensed cultural history of the literary manuscript as a collectible and draws attention to how collectors and collecting feature in fictional texts of the period. It focuses on the artefactual mobility and custodial afterlives of Romantic papers in Victorian literature and culture, exploring a form of collecting which crossed boundaries between periods and national literary traditions
The evolution of the civic–ethnic distinction as a partial success story: Lessons for the nationalism–patriotism distinction
No full textThis article brings, for the first time, two of the most pivotal distinctions in nationalism studies into extended dialogue: the civic–ethnic distinction (CED) and the nationalism–patriotism distinction (NPD). By reviewing both the evolution of those distinctions over the previous decades and the ways in which they have been used in quantitative empirical research, we argue that the CED's evolution has been a partial success story, whereas discourse around the NPD has not seen substantial development. Despite lingering inconsistencies, researchers drawing on the CED have been successful in addressing different lines of critique and in using the CED as a heuristic for investigating notions of nationhood as expressed in public perceptions. In contrast, there has been only limited dialogue between theoretical and empirical approaches to the NPD. The article illustrates how research drawing on the NPD could profit from the CED's evolution. We close by providing a conceptual roadmap to guide the path towards more terminological clarity and to construct more theoretically robust measures for nationalism and patriotism. We specifically suggest that nationalism and patriotism should be consistently understood as ideal types that citizens can simultaneously hold to varying degrees
An empirical study of automated unit test generation for Python
No full textVarious mature automated test generation tools exist for statically typed programming languages such as Java. Automatically generating unit tests for dynamically typed programming languages such as Python, however, is substantially more difficult due to the dynamic nature of these languages as well as the lack of type information. Our P YNGUIN framework provides automated unit test generation for Python. In this paper, we extend our previous work on P YNGUIN to support more aspects of the Python language, and by studying a larger variety of well-established state of the art test-generation algorithms, namely DynaMOSA, MIO, and MOSA. Furthermore, we improved our P YNGUIN tool to generate regression assertions, whose quality we also evaluate. Our experiments confirm that evolutionary algorithms can outperform random test generation also in the context of Python, and similar to the Java world, DynaMOSA yields the highest coverage results. However, our results also demonstrate that there are still fundamental remaining issues, such as inferring type information for code without this information, currently limiting the effectiveness of test generation for Python
Three Essays on Price Discovery, Stock Liquidity, and Crash Risk
No full textAbstract 1: This paper investigates whether market quality, uncertainty, investor sentiment and attention, and macroeconomic news affect bitcoin price discovery in spot and futures markets. Over the period December 2017 – March 2019, we find significant time variation in the contribution to price discovery of the two markets. Increases in price discovery are mainly driven by relative trading costs and volume, and by uncertainty to a lesser extent. Additionally, medium-sized trades contain most information in terms of price discovery. Finally, higher news-based bitcoin sentiment increases the informational role of the futures market, while attention and macroeconomic news have no impact on price discovery.
Abstract 2: We investigate whether local religious norms affect stock liquidity for U.S. listed companies. Over the period 1997–2020, we find that firms located in more religious areas have higher liquidity, as reflected by lower bid-ask spreads. This result persists after the inclusion of additional controls, such as governance metrics, and further sensitivity and endogeneity analyses. Subsample tests indicate that the impact of religiosity on stock liquidity is particularly evident for firms operating in a poor information environment. We further show that firms located in more religious areas have lower price impact of trades and smaller probability of information-based trading. Overall, our findings are consistent with the notion that religiosity, with its antimanipulative ethos, probably fosters trust in corporate actions and information flows, especially when little is known about the firm. Finally, we conjecture an indirect firm value implication of religiosity through the channel of stock liquidity.
Abstract 3: This study shows that higher physical distance to institutional shareholders is associated with higher stock price crash risk. Since monitoring costs increase with distance, the results are consistent with the monitoring theory of local institutional investors. Cross-sectional analyses show that the effect of proximity on crash risk is more pronounced for firms with weak internal governance structures. The significant relation between distance and crash risk still holds under the implementation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, however, to a lower extent. Also, the existence of the channel of bad news hoarding is confirmed. Finally, I show that there is heterogeneity in distance-induced monitoring activities of different types of institutions
Deflectometric Measurement of the Topography of Reflecting Freeform Surfaces in Motion
No full textMeasuring the topography of specular surfaces with strong surface structures in motion was impossible before this research. A new method based on singleshot phase-measuring de ectometry (SSPMD) and combining different solution aspects has been presented
Die innere Gestalt der Worte. Zur Multimodalität von Poesiefilmen
No full textDer Beitrag „Die innere Gestalt der Worte. Zur Multimodalität von Poesiefilmen“ von Matthias C. Hänselmann widmet sich der relativ neuen Filmgattung des Poesiefilms und lotet aus, welche Modalitäten bei der Überführung einer literarisch-lyrischen Gedichtvorlage in filmische Strukturen wie zum Einsatz kommen, und erweitert damit das systematisch-theoretische Feld ‚klassischer‘ Multimodalität