Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret (Publishing Systems)
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Imbangan Pupuk Organik dan Anorganik Pengaruhnya Terhadap Hara Pembatas dan Kesuburan Tanah Lahan Sawah Bekas Galian C pada Hasil Jagung (Zea mays L)
Get PDFTitle : The Balance of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers to Limiting Factors Nutrient, Soil Fertility and Maize (Zea mays L) Yield on Paddy Soil of C-Excavation. The activities for other purposes in the paddy soil will cause soil damage and reduce the values of soil productivity. The use of organic fertilizer is one of efforts to recover and rehabilitate the soil, because it is the key to improve its properties. The purposes of this research were to identify the characteristics of the soil (chemical) as a component of soil fertility, nutrition limiting factors and knowing the balance of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the optimum cultivation of maize (Zea mays L) to achieve maximum production. Research was conducted by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with single factor: consisting of six treatments, as follows consisted of control, treatment of inorganic fertilizer as recommended, organic fertilizer (manure), and the balance between organic and inorganic fertilizers. The results showed that the balance between organic and inorganic fertilizers can increase nutrition limiting factors (N and P) and soil fertility in paddy soil of C-excavation. It has been proved by the increasing growth and yield of maize, such as plant height, fresh and dry weight of plant, weight and girth of cob. The highest yield of maize was shown in weight cobs per plant, i.e 190 g as shown in the treatment of the balance between organic and inorganic fertilizers (75: 25)%. It is significantly different than the control treatment, however it showed no significant difference with other treatments
Keanekaragaman Jamur dan Bakteri Rizosfer Bawang Merah terhadap Patogen Moler
Get PDFTITLE : DIVERSITY OF FUNGI AND BACTERIA OF SHALLOT RIZOSPHERE AGAINST MOLER PATHOGEN. The diversity of microorganisms is important in maintaining soil environment equilibrium, include hindering plant pathogens as moler. Moler is a disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (FOCe) that cause lost all the crops of shallot. Research is aimed to study the fungus and bacteria diversity of shallot rizosphere and their antagonism against FOCe which important to be biological agent of moler disease. The study was held in a descriptive explorative method, soil samples taken to know the relation of plant condition with fungus and bacteria diversity of shallot rhizosphere and their antagonism against FOCe. Fungus and bacteria were isolated from both of healthy and moler diseased of shallot rhizosphere. The result showed that healthy and moler diseased shallot rhizosphere had population of fungus and bacteria with no differences and had medium level of fungus and bacteria diversity. The fungus and bacteria isolated from healthy shallot rhizosphere had stronger antagonism against FOCe
Pengaruh Dosis Inokulum Azolla, Fosfat Alam dan Abu Sekam terhadap Sifat Fisika Tanah dan Hasil Padi pada Alfisols
Get PDFTITLE : THE EFFECT OF AZOLLA INOCULUM, PHOSPHATE ROCK AND RICE HULL ASH DOSAGES ON RICE YIELD AND SOIL PHYSICAL OF ALFISOLS. The use of agrochemical materials to increase rice yield in a long term may cause soil, environment damages and have low productivity. One of the ways to increase the rice yield and improve soil health is organic rice cultivation by applaying organic fertilizer inputs derived from azolla. This research objective is to find out the effect of azolla, phosphate rock and husk ash dosages, as well as the best combination of azolla, rock phosphate and husk ash which is best for soil physical and yield of rice on Alfisols. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consists of 5 treatment and repeated 5 times. Data analysis using the F test (Fisher test) with 95% level confidence. Variables measured were field capacity, maximum moisture content, bulk density, aggregate stability, plant height, dry weight of harvest rice and milled rice. The results showed the treatment combination of azolla 250 g m-2, rock phosphate equivalent with 150 kgha-1 SP-36 and husk ash equivalent with 100 kgha-1 KCl give the highest aggregate stability
Stimulate The Growth of Rice Using Endophytic Bacteria from Lowland Rice Plant Tissue
Get PDFExploration and selection of endophytic bacteria from healthy food crops grown in lowland ecosystem is important to be conducted in order to get growth-stimulating endophytic bacteria at soil with low fertility level so that capable to optimize initial growth of food crops and subsequently can increase productivity level of lowland soil.The research objective was to isolate and to test the IAA-producing endophytic bacteria isolate in stimulating the rice crop growth at lowland area. Endophytic bacteria are isolated from tissues of rice, corn and peanut crops which grown at shallow swamp land in Ogan Ilir and Ogan Komering Ilir Districts, South Sumatra, Indonesia. There was nine isolates of nitrogen-fixer endophytic bacteria that capable to contribute IAA phytohormone into their growth media. The P31 isolate from rice crop tisssue of 2 months old produce the best rice sprouts than other isolates. This isolate can contribute of about 10 mg kg-1 IAA to its growth medium and increase the crowns dry weight and the roots dry weight respectively with magnitudes of 133% and 225% compared to control treatment. Concentration and absorbtion of N for rice crops innoculated with P31 isolates had increased by 169% and 400%, recpectively. The P31 isolates had been identified as Burkholderia pseudomallei (also known as Pseudomonas pseudomallei)
Aliran Permukaan, Erosi dan Hara Sedimen Akibat Tindakan Konservasi Tanah Vegetatif pada Kelapa Sawit
Get PDFTitle : Runoff, Erosion and Nutrient Sediment due Vegetative Soil Conservation Applied on Oil Palm Plantation. Land cover crops play an important role in influencing erosion. Cover crops provide protection against the destruction of soil aggregates by rain and runoff. This research aims to study the effectiveness of vegetation as soil conservation in controlling erosion and runoff. This study was a field experiment on erosion plots measuring 10 m x 5 m were arranged in Split Plot design with replications as blocks, consists of a combination of two factors: the age of the oil palm and slope as the first factor, and vegetative soil conservation techniques as a second factor. The results showed the soil conservation techniques in oil palm cultivation can reduce the rate of surface runoff, soil erosion and nutrient loss. Soil conservation with upland rice planted with soybean sequence + strip Mucuna bracteata (T3) most effectively reduce runoff and prevent soil erosion and nutrient loss
Soil Fertility Status of Organic Paddy Experiment
Get PDFThe study aims to determine fertility status of the soil after organic paddy experiments using kinds and doses of organic fertilizers. Experiment was conducted at greenhouse laboratory in Faculty of Agriculture Sebelas Maret University Surakarta. Experimental design used completely randomized design with 9 kinds of treatment was replicated 3 times. Experiments were the use of cow manure, Azolla fertilizer, Azolla inoculum and its combinations that are based on fulfilling nutrient requirements of 120 kg N ha-1.Result shows that the use of cow manure, Azolla fertilizers and Azolla inoculum had no effect on changes of soil fertility status. Soil fertility status was not significantly correlated with cow manure (0,16ns), Azolla fertilizer (0,26ns) and Azolla inoculum (0,16ns). Average of final soil fertility status included fertile category, which was similar as the initial soil fertility status. Average of final soil properties of treatment but nevertheless was relatively higher than in no treatment, indicating the use of cow manure, Azolla fertilizer, Azolla inoculum and its combinations had greater impact to soil properties. Cow manure despite increased available K2O and dry grain, but it did not significantly increase the soil fertility status from fertile to very fertile. This was presumably due to the relatively short experiment period, only one planting season had not given significant effect to soil properties. Implication of this study is the use of cow manure, Azolla fertilizer, Azolla inoculum and its combinations although did not increase the soil fertility status but could maintain soil fertility status as the initial conditions before planting
Kajian Penambahan Bakteri Asam Laktat dan Kompos Tithonia Diversifolia terhadap Penurunan Toksisitas Al pada Berbagai Waktu Inkubasi di Ultisol Jumantono
Get PDFTittle : The Examine of Adding Lactic Acid Bacteria and Tithonia Diversifolia Compost on Decreasing Al Toxicity The Several of Time Incubation in Ultisol Jumantono. The purpose of this experiment is to know decreasing of Al toxicity with adding Lactic Acid Bacteria and Tithonia diversifolia compost on ultisols. The research was conducted in the Green House and Soil Chemistry Fertility Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty of Sebelas Maret University Surakarta.This research is designed experimental and using Completely Randomize Design (CRD) by single experiment, consist of 22 treatments with three replications, combination of Tithonia : 0 ton/ha, 2 ton/ha, and 3 ton/ha, Lactic Acid Bacteria : 0 %, 10 % and 20 %, and then SP-36 fertilizer : 0 kg/ha, 50 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha and 150 kg/ha. Variables observation are primary variables (Aldd, Al active and Al total), and secondary variables (pH, organic mater, available P). Statisticals analysis used F-Test, Kruskal-Wallis Test, Correlation Test, Mood Median Test and DMRT 5 %. This experiment showed that adding of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Tithonia diversifolia compost and P fertilizer are have significant effect to Aldd, active Al and Al total in Ultisols. The time that decreas Aldd and Al active significanly is 30 inkubation, as Al total to low is 50 inkubation. The best experiment to decreas Al is Tithonia 2 ton/ha + BAL 20% from compost + SP-36 fertilizer 100 kg/ha
Organic Fertilizer from Silk Tree litter (Albizia falcataria L.) to Enhance Magnesium Availability for Paddy (Oryza sativa L.) in Alfisol
Get PDFThe research had been done in Pereng, Mojogedang, Karanganyar. The aim of the research is to know the influence of organic fertilizer enrichment with the addition of Silk Tree litter (Albizia falcataria L.) to improve the availability and the uptake of Mg on the paddy (Oryza sativa L.) fields in Alfisol. The research used Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with two factors that were dose treatments and cultivation systems. The data analysis used F test, Kruskal-Wallis test, DMRT test, Mood Median test, and correlation test at the 5% significance level. The results of the research showed that the availability and uptake of Mg in conventional cultivation system are higher than the SRI cultivation system. Mg uptake in conventional cultivation systems amount to 0.015 g/plant. The highest Mg availability can be achieved in the D6B1 treatment (50% organic fertilizer + 100% dose recommendation + Silk Tree litter amount 15% of the weight organic fertilizer) amount to 2.34 cmol(+)/kg. Organic fertilizer with the addition of Silk Tree litter cannot enrich the availability and uptake of Mg, but conventional cultivation systems can influence the availability and uptake of Mg. Conventional cultivation systems influencing the availability and uptake of Mg are higher than the SRI cultivation system
Suksesi Struktur Komunitas Fungi pada Lahan Degradatif oleh Patogen Busuk Pangkal Bawang Putih
Get PDFTITLE : SUCCESSION OF FUNGAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN DEGRADATIVE LAND CAUSED BY BASAL ROT PATHOGEN OF GARLIC. Land degradation causes a decreasement the ability of land in suppressing the development of pathogen FOCe that causes basal rot of garlic. In the garlic planting area in Tawangmangu discovered the fact that productive-suppressive land to FOCe the disease has low incidence (<1%) and degradative-conducive land with high incidens (≥60%). The research aims to study the succession of common fungal community structure and FOCe in the rhizosphere of garlic on both land for garlic plantation. The study was conducted from April to September 2013 in productive-suppressive land (Pancot) and degradative-conducive (Gondosuli) for soil sampling and laboratory analysis in Biologi Tanah UNS for fungi and FOCe analysis. The composite method used for sampling and the garlic rhizosphere samples which is had healthy plants conditions aged 0, 20, 40, and 60 days after planting (DAP), and the garlic rhizosphere samples with healthy plants and diseased condition aged 80, 100, and 120 days after planting (DAP). Laboratory analysis using PDA culture medium as common fungi growing medium and SFA as a growing medium FOCe then observed population density and diversity. The method was pour plate method with 10-2 to 10-7 dilution. The results showed the population and diversity of fungi and FOCe have dynamics fluctuation. The fungi population in productive-suppressive land lower than degradative-conducive, with each value 108 and 3,5x108 CFU gram-1 soil. FOCe population on degradative-conducive land was higher than productive-suppressive land, and the highest population in both land at age 20 and 100 DAP with a FOCe density of each land about 1,25x107 and 1,66x107 CFU gram-1 soil. During the growth periode of garlic, the fungi diversity on productive-suppressive land always indicate higher than degradative-conducive land
PERUBAHAN JERAPAN P PADA ULTISOL AKIBAT PEMBERIAN CAMPURAN ABU TERBANG BATUBARA-KOTORAN AYAM
Get PDFTITLE : CHANGES OF P SORPTION ON ULTISOL DUE TO ADDITION OF COAL FLY ASH-CHICKEN MANURE MIXTURE. High soil P sorption which result in low P availability for plants is one of important constraints in Ultisols. The objective of current research was to study the effect of coal fly ash-chicken manure mixture (FA-CM) on the changes in P sorption and availability in Ultisols. Two treatments - FA-CM mixture (w/w of 1:1) at the rate of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 ton ha-1, and P fertilization at the rate of 0, 87, 174, 261 and 348 kg P2O5 ha-1 - were tested. These treatments were arranged according to Factorial Completely Random Design with three replicates. Results of current research showed that FA-CM and P rates and their interaction significantly affected the values of point of zero charge (PZC), pH and soil negative charges. FA-CM mixture as a soil ameliorant decreased P sorption but it increased available P in Ultisols by increasing both soil pH and negative charges. The application of FA-CM at 30 tons ha-1 and P at 174 kg P2O5 ha-1 resulted in better increases in soil charges than any other combinations. However, the lowest P sorption (127.07 mg kg-1) and the highest available P (102.21 mg kg-1) was resulted in by the applications of 42.64 tons of FA-CM ha-1 and 261 kg P2O5 ha-1.Ketersediaan P tanaman yang rendah akibat tingginya jerapan P merupakan kendala utama pada Ultisol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pemberian campuran abu terbang batubara-kotoran ayam (ATB-KA) terhadap perubahan jerapan dan ketersediaan P pada Ultisol. Perlakuan yang diterapkan pada percobaan ini meliputi dosis ATB-KA dengan komposisi 1:1 (b/b), yaitu 0, 15, 30,45, dan 50 ton ha-1, dan dosis pupuk P yang terdiri dari 0, 87, 174, 261, dan 348 kg P2O5 ha-1. Percobaan dilakukan menurut Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dosis ATB-KA, pupuk P, dan interaksi keduanya berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap nilai titik muatan nol (TMN), pH, dan muatan negatif tanah. Campuran ATB-KA dapat digunakan sebagai amelioran untuk meningkatkan pH tanah dan muatan negatif tanah. Pemberian campuran ATB-KA dosis 30 ton ha-1 dan pupuk P dosis 174 kg P2O5 ha-1 dapat meningkatkan muatan negatif tanah yang lebih baik dibanding kombinasi perlakuan yang lain. Jerapan P minimum (127,07 mg kg-1) dan P-tersedia maksimum (102,21 mg kg-1) diperoleh pada dosis ATB-KA sebesar 42,64 ton ha-1 dan pupuk P dosis 261 kg P2O5 ha-1