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Measuring global pandemic governance: how countries respond to COVID-19
No full textCovid-19 is an unprecedented crisis that faces the majority of governments around the world. The pandemic has resulted in substantial changes to government work cultures, financial management, and the implementation of good governance. The paper has shown how these governments react to the crisis caused by Covid-19. We analyse strategy, policy, and financial management when facing Covid-19 and give a result that will contribute to the development of crisis governance field. In this article, we argue that the most successful action in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in high income, upper-middle income, and lower-middle income countries is guided by the implementation of good governance principles. Data used in this research was obtained from the World Health Organization and the World Bank. The results indicate that countries that have been able to manage the COVID-19 pandemic have good governance indicators, such as voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence/terrorism, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Penyusunan Prototipe Pengujian Human Machine Interface Ruang Kendali Utamaa Small Modular Reactor Menggunakan Aplikasi LabVIEW
No full textKerja Praktik berjudul “Penyusunan Prototipe Pengujian Human Machine Interface RKU SMR” ini dilaksanakan di Pusat Riset dan Teknologi Reaktor Nuklir (PRTRN) – Organisasi Riset Tenaga Nuklir (ORTN), Tangerang Selatan. Kerja Praktik dilakukan untuk menyusun prototipe yang bertujuan untuk pengujian Human Machine Interface Ruang Kendali Utama SMR. Prototipe ini dibuat menggunakan aplikasi LabVIEW. Pada pengujian ini, terdapat 3 tahap, yakni simulasi interaksi dasar manusia-mesin, simulasi interaksi manusia mesin pada sistem proses yang melibatkan aspek kognitif dan motorik, dan simulasi interaksi manusia-mesin untuk tugas kompleks dan banyak melibatkan aspek kognitif. Pada Kerja Praktik ini, dilakukan penyusunan prototipe pada tahap pegujian simulasi interaksi dasar manusia-mesin. Pada tahap ini, lingkup topik yang dibahas antara lain, simulasi interaksi dasar manusia-mesin, menentukan parameter karakteristik interaksi dasar manusia-mesin, dan implementasi pada eksperimen HMI. Tujuan dari tahap pengujian ini adalah mengoptimalkan kinerja operator reaktor nuklir
Application of Steam Jet Agglomerator to Improve the Properties of Instanised Cocoa Drink Powder Mixed with Maltodextrin, Coconut Sugar and Sucrose
No full textCold cocoa (chocolate) drink is highly in demand in tropical countries, especially in the cocoa-producing regions. Due to a relatively high fat content and a strong structure of cocoa powder particle, the solubility of cocoa powder in a relatively low temperature of water is low. A method that can create easily dissolved powder in relatively low temperature of water is highly desired by cocoa beverage producers. The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of a laboratory-scale steam jet agglomerator that was used to produce instanised cocoa drink powder with a higher solubility. In this study, two experimental variables, namely drying duration and stabiliser/sweetener addition, were used. Three drying durations, namely 4, 6 and 8 h, were applied. Cocoa powder (60) was mixed with maltodextrin (40). For other samples, cocoa powder (55) was mixed with a sweetener (45). Sucrose, coconut sugar and mixture of sucrose and coconut sugar was used as sweeteners. The results showed that the solubility of the cocoa powder mixed with coconut sugar was the highest. All samples exhibited good flowability and cohesiveness. The fineness modulus of the agglomerated samples was higher than that of the raw ingredients. The colour of the cocoa drink powders formulated with maltodextrin had propensity to be the brightest. In addition, samples with maltodextrin exhibited significantly low moisture content. The results presented that steam jet agglomerator has potential to improve the most important quality parameters of the cocoa drink powder. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Society for Sugar Research & Promotion
Post-Tin-Mining Agricultural Soil Regeneration Using Local Organic Amendments Improve Nitrogen Fixation and Uptake in a Legume–Cassava Intercropping System
No full textThe low nitrogen content of Bangka Island’s post-tin-mining soil may limit its suitability for agricultural production. In this study, we investigated the effect of locally available organic soil amendments on nitrogen fixation (N2–fixation) and crop nitrogen (N) uptake in a cassava–legume intercrop system. Cassava was intercropped with centrosema in post-tin-mining soils with six treatments, including a control and different soil amendments, such as dolomite, compost, charcoal, a combined treatment of charcoal and compost, and a combined treatment of compost and sawdust. The percentages of N derived from N2-fixation (%Ndfa) with the different seasons and treatments were comparable. Nonetheless, due to the higher shoot biomass accumulation, the mass of N2–fixation in soil amended with compost and when combined with charcoal was significantly higher than the control (50 to 73 kg ha−1). Treatments with compost and its combination with charcoal exhibited higher N uptake from the cassava–centrosema intercropped system (82 and 137 kg ha−1) and higher inorganic ammonium (NH4+) concentrations in the soil at harvest time (5.5 and 6.7 µg g−1). When combined with organic soil amendments, N2–fixation from centrosema produces not only higher biomass, but also higher N contribution to the system. Overall, locally available organic amendments, particularly the combined application of charcoal and compost, showed promise for improving N2–fixation of intercrop centrosema as well as for increasing N availability in the soil, which is of critical importance for crop growth in post-mining soils that have lost fertility
Spatial Modeling of Forest and Land Fire Susceptibility Using the Information Value Method in Kotawaringin Barat Regency, Indonesia
No full textKotawaringin Barat is a high-risk area for forest and land fires; a total of 564.13 km2 of forest land was burned from 2015 to 2022, the majority of which spread to peatlands. The goal of this contribution is to use the information value method (IVM) to construct forest and land fire spatial susceptibility maps for the Kotawaringin Barat regency. MODIS hotspots from 2016 to 2020 were used as the dependent variable, with six independent variables included in the modeling. According to the data, there were 925 hotspots detected in Kotawaringin Barat between 2016 and 2020. The areas closest to rivers and roads are more susceptible to forest and land fires, while the areas closest to settlements are safer. Flat slopes have an IVM of 0.697, while peatlands have an IVM of 0.667, making them the most susceptible to forest and land fires. Furthermore, the most susceptive land covers are swamps (IVM = 1.071) and shrublands (IVM = 0.024). According to the IVM model of susceptibility mapping, Kotawaringin Barat is categorized as very high (18.32) and high (27.97) risk. About 33.57 of the study area is classified as moderately susceptible, while the remaining 20.14 is classified as low risk. The accuracy of the IVM for forest and land fires is 66.87 (AUC), indicating that the model can be used for susceptibility assessments particularly for very high to high susceptibility areas. © 2023 by the authors
Analysis of carrying capacity of agricultural land in Bali Province, 2021-2022
No full textAn analysis of the carrying capacity of agricultural land needs to be carried out to find out whether an area is self-sufficient in food or not based on the calorie needs of its population. This study aims to determine the carrying capacity of the weapons fields in the Province of Bali in 2021-2022. The research method used for the analysis of the carrying capacity of the Bali Province land is quantitative research. Calculation of the value of Agricultural Land Carrying Capacity based on the combined theory of Odum, Christeiler, Ebenezer Howard, and Isard. The results of this study indicate that the level of carrying capacity of agricultural land in the Province of Bali according to districts/cities in 2021-2022 is dominated by class III, which means that the Province of Bali has not been able to be self-sufficient in food and has not been able to meet the food needs of the community properly. © 2023 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved
Desire to Have Children Reviewed from Reproductive Health as the Impact of Natural Disasters in Palu, Indonesia
No full textThe impact of the disaster has reduced reproductive health services to women's health and welfare. Demographically, disasters with high mortality rates can change women's birth preferences thereby contributing to an increase in births. An earthquake measuring 7.4 on the Richter scale shook central Indonesia, in Palu City to be precise, accompanied by a tsunami and liquefaction with 2,227 people killed and 965 people missing including children, and 2,537 injured. This research tries to see the extent of the role of reproductive health in the high desire to have children after the disaster, where previous research found that some areas affected by the disaster experienced an increase in fertility rates. This study aims to determine the effect of reproductive health (age, history of pregnancy, history of contraception, and parity) on the desire to have children, including their chances, and to map mothers who wish to have children after a disaster. This type of research is a survey research with a cross-sectional design. Participants in this study 382 respondents. Data analysis used the chi-square test and logistic and spatial regression analysis with an overlay approach to map the distribution of respondents who wanted to have children. The results showed that age, history of pregnancy, and contraception affected the desire to have children, with P values = 0.004, 0.043, and 0.037 which were less than 0.05. The odds ratio results show that the mother's age, history of pregnancy, and history of contraception have a probability of 0.532, 0.421, and 0.630 times the desire to have children after the disaster in Palu City. The results of the sample distribution of the desire to have children through mapping the location of the coordinates showed that most of them had the desire to have children, namely 234 respondents. © 2023 WITPress. All rights reserved
Smart City development in “Nusantara”, the new capital of Indonesia: local government and community readiness
No full textThe smart city concept must be implemented in Nusantara, the new capital of Indonesia. This study aims to define the concept of a smart city for “Nusantara” and assess the readiness of the local government and community. The primary data was collected using questionnaires, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews. In addition, secondary data were extracted from the smart city master plan’s design. The findings of this study are the concept of the smart city already known by most local government officials. The community and local government are enthusiastic and well-prepared to develop Nusantara Capital City and implement the smart city concept. In Nusantara Capital City, the potential of adequately managed human and natural resources becomes an asset and an opportunity for implementing the smart city concept. However, preparations must be made for various supporting factors, including physical infrastructure, digital infrastructure, human resources, the environment, disasters, and partnerships. © 2023 Human Geographies; The authors
Simplified approach in karst aquifer characterization by using discharge variability, storage capacity, and void development: A preliminary study in the tropical karst region
No full textOne of the main challenges in karst water management is the limited availability of measured hydrogeological data. This research aimed to employ a simplified approach for aquifer characterization by applying discharge variability, storage capacity, and void development (Dk), where the only required data is the spring discharge. The approach was applied in two distinct tropical karst aquifers: Gunungsewu (older karst dominated by sub-surface flow) and Rengel (younger karst with fluvial domination). Master recession curve (MRC) and autocorrelation were used to evaluate Dk and storage capacity, while the flow duration curve (FDC) and spring coefficient of variation parameter (SCVP) were applied to ascertain discharge variability. The result was able to differentiate the karst systems into three types, termed (G1) low discharge variability and storage capacity (G2) moderate discharge variability and high storage capacity, and (G3) low discharge variability and high storage capacity, also considered to be the most efficient aquifer for water supply. Spatially, wide variation occurred in karst systems dominated by sub-surface flow because of material thickness, fissure void formation, and swallow hole recharges. On the other hand, karst with fluvial domination belonged to the G2 type due to the persistent recharge from surface rivers. Furthermore, this study hypothesizes that the developed karst structure with a large catchment area possibly possesses G3 aquifer type stemming from extensive diffuse void (epikarst zone) continuously recharging the spring. © 2023 The Author(s
Anthropogenic PMx air pollution susceptibility using AHP method in Java Island, Indonesia
No full textVarious health and welfare problems in human society originate from air pollution. PMx as one of the hydrometeorological hazards caused by humans is sustainable, ironically having an impact on the lives of human society, especially in areas that are densely populated. This research aims to estimate the susceptibility of PMx air pollution in Java Island, Indonesia. This island was chosen because it has a large population (151.59 million people in 2020) and is growing into a regional economic and industrial center. Java Island also has various cases of extreme air pollution. In this study, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is utilized to assess the susceptibility of anthropogenic PMx air pollution, taking into account factors like morphology, rainfall, mining area buffers, industrial area buffers, and traffic buffers. The results showed that anthropogenic PMx susceptibility was related to active and passive factors. The active factor is anthropogenic activity, while the passive factor is natural inhibition. Anthropogenic activities that have a big influence are industrial activities, followed by mining activities, and transportation. Meanwhile natural inhibitors such as rainfall and morphology, have a relatively smaller influence. Analysis of susceptibility distribution is very important for mitigating air pollution hazards, especially in Java Island. © 2023 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved