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Vicarious Embarrassment Scale: More of Culture than Empathy
No full textTraditionally, the vicarious embarrassment scale (VES) is developed by involving a protagonist with no relationship with the observer. This condition becomes problematic, especially in collectivistic contexts with interdependence in personal social relations. The protagonists of the original VES were modified from strangers to friends and family and were compared their psychometric properties and associations with empathy and self-construals. A total of 112 university students in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, filled out the online questionnaires voluntarily. Tests with Unrestricted Factor Analysis showed the retrieved eigenvalues of VES Other, VES Friend, and VES Family accounted for 61.54, 68.29, and 77.05, respectively. All VES were unidimensional, according to the parallel analysis with robust parallel using 500 random polychoric correlation matrices. Good internal consistency reliability was achieved, and fit criteria were met. This study supported previous findings of VES disassociation with empathy. The importance of cultural values reflected in self-construal showed interdependent self-construal relations with different protagonists with all VE scales. In contrast, independent self-construal was associated only with vicarious embarrassment with an unknown protagonist. © 2023, South-West University "Neofit Rilski". All rights reserved
Nuclear Power Plant to Support Indonesia's Net Zero Emissions: A Case Study of Small Modular Reactor Technology Selection Using Technology Readiness Level and Levelized Cost of Electricity Comparing Method
No full textMost power plants, particularly those that burn fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas, create CO2, a greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. By 2060, the Indonesian government has committed to reach net zero emissions. With the lowest CO2 emissions, nuclear power plants are dependable sources of energy. Small modular reactors (SMRs) are a particular kind of nuclear power plant that has the potential to be Indonesia's first commercial nuclear power plant because of their small size, low capacity, uncomplicated design, and modular characteristics. The purpose of this study is to examine the economics and technological feasibility of SMRs. In this analysis, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) comparative method and the technology readiness level (TRL) approach are both applied. The SMRs with a minimum TRL value of 7 were CAREM-25 (TRL7), KLT-40S (TRL8), and HTR-PM (TRL 8), according to the results of this research. Although CAREM-25 and KLT-40S are still in the demonstration stage and have not yet entered the market, their LCOE estimates are greater than 0.07 USD/kWh with a 5% discount rate. Whereas CAREM 100 MW is an economy scale from CAREM-25 and VBER 300 MW is a commercial size from KLT-40S, HTR-PM is already an economy scale. With discount rates between 5% and 10%, the LCOE values of HTR-PM, CAREM 100 MW, and VBER 300 MW range from 0.06 USD to 0.12 USD per kWh. Other than hydropower and coal-fired power plants, these LCOE figures can compete with the local LCOE in Indonesia and the LCOE of a variety of other types of power plants
Heterogeneous Reaction Model for Evaluating the Kinetics of Levulinic Acid Synthesis from Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse
No full textThe abundance of sugarcane bagasse, a by-product of sugarcane juice extraction in sugar factories, serves as an advantage of its potential for producing chemicals such as levulinic acid (LA). Levulinic acid contains carbonyl and carboxyl groups that can be utilized for many applications, such as pharmacies, cosmetics, and solvents. Bagasse hydrolysis into LA was preceded by alkaline-acid pretreatment to separate cellulose from hemicellulose and lignin. This treatment could minimize the disturbance of these unwanted components, so that LA synthesis would be more optimal. Pretreated bagasse contained 82.64% cellulose, about two-fold from the non-pretreated one. It was hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid (HCl), which acts as a catalyst (a Bronsted acid), at 150-170 oC, 0.1-1 M catalyst concentration, 1-10% solid-to-liquid (cellulose:catalyst-solution) ratio, and 0-200 minutes reaction time. The range of LA yield values obtained in the study were between 15-64.05%. The maximum LA yield was obtained at a temperature of 160 oC, 1 M catalyst concentration, and 1% solid-to-liquid ratio. The high LA yield indicates the importance of pretreatment supported by optimal conditions of synthetic reaction. The reaction route involved in hydrolysis was cellulose-glucose-levoglucosan (LG)-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)-LA. The result exhibits that temperature and catalyst concentration do not significantly affect the maximum potential LA yield. However, higher temperatures and catalyst concentration can accelerate the time to achieve the maximum potential LA yield. Meanwhile, the LA yield increases with a lower solid-to-liquid ratio. In contrast to previous studies, this study evaluated the reaction model in a more precise way using combination of models, considering that the reaction occurs between solid and liquid. The heterogeneous reaction model, namely the shrinking core model (SCM) for cellulose conversion to glucose and the first-order homogeneous reaction model for glucose to LA reaction, give good fitting results. The more appropriate reaction model is expected to be the basis of scale-up process carried out for industry one day. The results of this research have the potential to be applied for various other biomass raw materials with some improvements based on their characteristics which can be studied in the future
Transient Stability Assessment Considering Number and Location of PMUs Using CNN-LSTM
No full textElectric power systems in the future will increasingly adopt wide area monitoring systems (WAMS) based on phasor measurement units (PMUs). Conventional methods are not able to utilize the data effectively and efficiently. This research focuses on utilizing PMU data measurement for transient stability detection using convolutional neural network and long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) by considering the number and location of PMUs. This research aims to detect stable and unstable transient stability based on bus voltage magnitude and angle data. The CNN-LSTM architecture consists of several layers, including the time-distributed layer, two-dimensional convolution layer, batch normalization layer, dropout layer, max-pooling layer, flatten layer, LSTM layer, and dense layer. The case study used in this research is a modified IEEE 39 bus with a PV system. The proposed method produces an accuracy above 99.5% in normal and distorted data quality for all test scenarios. In addition, the results of this study show a trend that the more PMUs used, the better the detection performance, and PMU locations that pay attention to observability and dynamic stability have better detection performance
Regeneration and development of Coffea arabica L. plants through indirect somatic embryogenesis
No full textMicropropagation of AS2K clones Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) was attempted through indirect somatic embryogenesis by using ten different parts of the leaf such as shoot, first leaf base, second leaf base, third leaf base, first leaf middle, second leaf middle, third leaf middle, first leaf tip, second leaf tip, and third leaf tip. The influence of the part of leaf explants, combination of plant growth regulator (PGRs) in the induction of embryogenic callus and regeneration of embryo somatic were studied. Furthermore, the various protocols to induce regeneration of somatic embryo into plantlet through different step of subculture and the use of various germination medium were demonstrated. The morphological characteristics and histological analysis of embryogenic callus and embryo development were observed. In this experiment, it was observed that the M5 medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4- D, 1 mg/L BAP and 4 mg/L 2-ip was closely associated with third leaf tip explants for induction of embryogenic callus. The maximum number of globular, heart-shape, torpedo and cotyledones (18, 4, 12, 4, respectively) were achieved on ERM6 medium containing 2 mg/L BAP without activated charcoal on 90th day for regeneration of embryo somatic. The length of roots is the most influence paramater on plantlet regeneration, and the 17th protocol which used B medium, large embryos and twice phase of subculture from liquid medium to solid medium is the best protocol for plantlet regeneration. The protocol developed could be useful highly for large-scale micropropagation in these commercially important Arabica coffee clones
Review of species, host plants, and distribution of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Indonesia
No full textFruit flies are one of the most important pests in horticulture worldwide. As one of the mega biodiversity countries, Indonesia is home to a high biodiversity of insects, including fruit flies. The information on species, host plants, and distribution of fruit flies is crucial. Still, that kind of information in Indonesia is not easy to be found and is scattered in many forms of publications such as books, journals, research reports, etc. This review aimed to gather and analyze various information on fruit flies reported in all islands across Indonesia. The study was done by collecting data from various resources, analyzing the information, and interpreting the results. There are 280 fruit fly species consisting of 29 reported from all islands in Indonesia. Most of the fruit flies reported in Indonesia were polyphagous. As many as 145 species from 50 families of plants were reported as the hosts of fruit flies, and most (70) are horticultural plants. The highest number of species was recorded in Java, Sulawesi, and Sumatra islands. This review provides one-stop essential information on fruit flies in Indonesia, which is very useful for biologists, entomologists, as well as practitioners of plant protection. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis) Tempeh: ACE-Inhibitory Peptide Formation during Absorption in the Small Intestine
No full textResearch background. High blood pressure is the most significant cause of mortality globally. Some fermented foods include ACE-inhibitory peptides that help fight this dis-ease. The ability of fermented jack bean (tempeh) to inhibit ACE during consumption has not been demonstrated yet. This study identified and characterised ACE-inhibitory peptides from jack bean tempeh produced by small intestine absorption using the everted intestinal sac model. Experimental approach. Sequentially, the protein extract of jack bean tempeh and un-fermented jack bean was hydrolysed using pepsin-pancreatin for 240 min. The hydrolysed samples were then evaluated for the peptide absorption using three-segmented everted intestinal sacs (duodenum, jejunum and ileum). The peptides absorbed from all intestinal segments were mixed in the small intestine. Results and conclusions. The data showed that both jack bean tempeh and unferment-ed jack bean had the same peptide absorption pattern, with the highest percentage of peptide absorption in the jejunum, followed by the duodenum and ileum. The absorbed peptides of jack bean tempeh exhibited equally strong activity of ACE inhibition in all intestinal segments, while the unfermented jack bean showed strong activity only in the jejunum. The mixture of the peptides from jack bean tempeh absorbed in the small intestine had higher ACE-inhibitory activity (81.09 ) than the unfermented jack bean (72.22 ). The peptides produced from jack bean tempeh were identified as pro-drug ACE inhib-itors and had the mixed inhibition pattern. The mixture of peptides consisted of seven types of peptides with a molecular mass of 826.86�978.20 Da (DLGKAPIN, GKGRFVYG, PF-MRWR, DKDHAEI, LAHLYEPS, KIKHPEVK, and LLRDTCK). Novelty and scientific contribution. This study discovered that consuming jack bean tempeh generated more potent ACE-inhibitory peptides during small intestine absorption than cooked jack beans. Absorbed tempeh peptides have high ACE-inhibitory activ-ity. © 2023, University of Zagreb. All rights reserved
Some Enhancement of Aerial and Terrestrial Photo for 3D Modeling of Texture-Less Object Surface
No full textToday, the combination of Aerial and Terrestrial photos has been more implemented for 3D modelling purposes. This 3D modelling technique getting popular because it is supporting with photogrammetry structure from motion algorithm (SFM). The SFM algorithm makes automation in the processing step. One of the main problems that will occur in the automation of 3D modelling objects with the SFM algorithm is whether objects have texture-less surfaces. The purpose of this research is to evaluate some enhancement processes that were applied before running the SFM algorithm for 3D modelling. Some pre-processing enhancements are a combination Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) from Fiji-ImageJ and JPEG to RAW Ai artefact algorithm from Topaz Labs. Two sample objects are tested which are a heritage object that has a texture-less wall surface object and a paddy field that has a similar object pattern. Some aerial and terrestrial photos have been enhanced before processing in 3D modelling. The result shows that applying preprocessing enhancement can improve the completeness of the object, especially in texture-less wall surface area. Pre-processing enhancement improves the geometric accuracy and number of vertex and surfaces also. In the future, the combination of the Jpeg to Raw Ai and the CLAHE enhancement should be explored for the best 3D model solution. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Production of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitory Peptides from Germinated Jack Bean Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. Flour
No full textAn alternate plant-based protein, jack bean sprout, was explored as a source of bioactive peptides. Germination to increase dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptide in jack bean sprout flour has yet to be reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the optimal condition to maximize the content of bioactive peptides with maximum DPP-IV inhibitory activity. The relationship between germination and DPP-IV inhibitory activity was determined by analyzing the proteolytic activity, percentage of degree of hydrolysis (DH), and peptide content. Peptide samples with the most potent DPP-IV inhibitory activity were subsequently fractionated, identified, and characterized. The 60-h germinated jack bean had the best DPP-IV inhibitory activity (41.57; half maximal inhibitory concentration=2.24 mg/mL). Proteolytic activity (15.24 unit/g), DH (11.43), and peptide content (59.71 mg/g) supported this result. Furthermore, the <1.0 kDa peptide fraction of this sprouted flour had the highest molecular weight (MW) distribution (32.60) and DPP-IV inhibitory activity (71.99). Peptide sequences identified from MW <1.0 and 1.0�3.5 kDa peptide fractions had valine, leucine, isoleucine, glycine, and tryptophan at the N-terminal and also had alanine at the penultimate N-terminal, verifying their presence as DPP-IV inhibitors. Furthermore, peptide sequences generated exhibited other biological activities, including angiotensin-converting enzyme, renin, and α-glucosidase inhibitors
Modification of hydrophobic properties of konjac glucomannan using octenyl succinic anhydride
No full textKonjac glucomannan (KGM) is a water-soluble polysaccharide that has the potential to be used as a natural emulsifier because of its high viscosity. This study aimed to modify the KGM structure in order to obtain a KGM which has amphiphilic properties. Modifications were carried out in the microwave using 1-3 sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and 2-4 octenyl succinate anhydride (OSA). Parameters observed included emulsion capacity, emulsion stability, degree of substitution with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), viscosity, hydrophobicity, and Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that the interaction between the concentration of Na2CO3 and OSA had a significant effect on the capacity and stability of the octenyl succinic anhydride-modified konjac glucomannan (KGOS) emulsion. The highest emulsion capacity and stability were obtained using 2 Na2CO3 and 4 OSA. OSA esterification of KGM was shown by increasing the degree of substitution, viscosity, hydrophobicity, and FT-IR analysis. Thus, KGOS can be used as a natural emulsifier with good amphiphilic properties