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Changes in the forming aspects of the public service bargains components in determining the general budget policy
No full textPublic Service Bargains (PSB) perspective is used to analyze the relationship between politicians and bureaucrats based on the roles of both parties. This study aims to discuss how the relationship between politicians and bureaucrats and their interactions in two periods of leadership with different backgrounds, to analyze what aspects of interaction, behavior and power are in the PSB framework, particularly in determining budget policy in general. Discussions about governance and leadership as well as the interaction of politicians and bureaucrats are presented based on information and data obtained from primary data sources through in-depth interviews with bureaucratic leaders, that are the Mayor, Chairman of the Regional Representative Council (DPRD) as legislative bodies, Regional Secretary, and other supporting informants. The qualitative method is processed using NVIVO 12. The main findings in this study are aspects of interaction, behavior and power in two leadership eras with different backgrounds, so that this relationship pattern can be used as a reference in analyzing the relationship between bureaucrats and politicians in the PSB framework. The results of this study can be implemented in determining policies, in this case the general budget determination policy in the City of Magelang. © 2023 Author(s)
RWP-RK Domain 3 (OsRKD3) induces somatic embryogenesis in black rice
No full textBackground: Plants have the unique capability to form embryos from both gametes and somatic cells, with the latter process known as somatic embryogenesis. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) can be induced by exposing plant tissues to exogenous growth regulators or by the ectopic activation of embryogenic transcription factors. Recent studies have revealed that a discrete group of RWP-RK DOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN (RKD) transcription factors act as key regulators of germ cell differentiation and embryo development in land plants. The ectopic overexpression of reproductive RKDs is associated with increased cellular proliferation and the formation of somatic embryo-like structures that bypass the need for exogenous growth regulators. However, the precise molecular mechanisms implicated in the induction of somatic embryogenesis by RKD transcription factors remains unknown. Results: In silico analyses have identified a rice RWP-RK transcription factor, named Oryza sativa RKD3 (OsRKD3), which is closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana RKD4 (AtRKD4) and Marchantia polymorpha RKD (MpRKD) proteins. Our study demonstrates that the ectopic overexpression of OsRKD3, which is expressed preferentially in reproductive tissues, can trigger the formation of somatic embryos in an Indonesian black rice landrace (Cempo Ireng) that is normally resistant to somatic embryogenesis. By analyzing the transcriptome of induced tissue, we identified 5,991 genes that exhibit differential expression in response to OsRKD3 induction. Among these genes, 50 were up-regulated while the other half were down-regulated. Notably, approximately 37.5 of the up-regulated genes contained a sequence motif in their promoter region, which was also observed in RKD targets from Arabidopsis. Furthermore, OsRKD3 was shown to mediate the transcriptional activation of a discrete gene network, which includes several transcription factors such as APETALA 2-like (AP2-like)/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF), MYB and CONSTANS-like (COL), and chromatin remodeling factors associated with hormone signal transduction, stress responses and post-embryonic pathways. Conclusions: Our data show that OsRKD3 modulates an extensive gene network and its activation is associated with the initiation of a somatic embryonic program that facilitates genetic transformation in black rice. These findings hold substantial promise for improving crop productivity and advancing agricultural practices in black rice. © 2023, The Author(s)
Theoretical Reconstruction of the 'Existence of the Indonesian Corruption Eradication Commission and Its Comparison to Other Anti-Corruption Agencies in Asia
No full textArticle 3 of the Indonesian Law Number 19 of 2019 stipulates that the Corruption Eradication Commission is a state institution within the executive power branch, which in carrying out its duties and authorities is independent and free from the influence of any power. The basic arrangement is not without problems, considering the institutional design of the Corruption Eradication Commission was initially stated in the Law Number 30 of 2002 "...a state institution, which in carrying out its duties and authorities is independent..." becomes "...state institutions within the executive power branch..." The stipulation in Article 3, also the basic article of the law was confirmed by the Constitutional Court in Verdict Number 70/PUU-XVII/2019. This study aims to answer problems of theoretical construction of the commission after the Constitutional Court Verdict Number 70/PUU-XVII/2019. This study used the normative legal research method. The study concluded that, theoretically, there was a shift in the institutional design of the commission, from an independent agency to an independent executive organ, equivalent to the National Police and the Attorney General's Office of Indonesia. The change is a setback in corruption eradication. Compared to other anti-corruption agencies in Asia, the institutional design is not an ideal condition or best practice. Therefore, legislators should restore the commission as an independent agency
EXECUTING WAR CAPTIVES BASED ON MASLAHAT: REFLECTING ON AND CONCLUDING THE CONTEMPORARY DEBATE
No full textThe debate on whether war captives may be executed has been a debate among Islamic scholars since the classical era until today. Some say war captives may be executed based on maslahat, others say it is categorically impermissible. However, in recent decades, the debate on this matter has entered a new phase, with the opposing sides, i.e., permissible if maslahat is present versus the categorically impermissible, but with new arguments emerging aside from the reiteration of some classical arguments. Some of these new arguments are non-contextual, such as new conclusions derived from the known prophetic tradition (sunnah) and contextual arguments such as the role of international law vis-a-vis Islamic law. Using the literature review as the research method this article has examined the contemporary debate and will consider both classical arguments, as well as current contextual arguments, in the light of the usul al-fiqh, and how international law (particularly international humanitarian law) should affect Islamic legal rulings. It is concluded that categorically prohibiting the execution of war captives is the weaker position as it relies on an incorrect interpretation of the dalil and its unrealistic application in warfare. It is also found that the position permitting captive execution if there is maslahat is, despite being often misunderstood, the stronger position, both in terms of the dalil and its realistic application in warfare
The urgency of law reforms on economic crimes in Indonesia
No full textThe Indonesia’s economy has experienced rapid and massive development. Even after its contraction due to the pandemic in 2020, the economic growth of Indonesia is still highly significant. Digital transactions play an important role in the economic development. However, the economic growth may potentially lead to considerable number of economic crimes. To deal with them, the penal policy on economic crimes has not been developed according to the growth. The disparity among criminal provisions in economic sectors results in legal uncertainty in the enforcement of economic crimes. This research aims to shed a light on the current penal policy on economic crimes and the urgency of the reform on the economic criminal law. It is concluded that the Economic Crimes Law 1955 is no longer relevant to eradicate economic crimes in Indonesia. Furthermore, Indonesia Penal Code is far left behind by the current economic development. Therefore, a far-reaching reform is necessary. The partial reform of economic criminal law through various legislations has resulted in the legal uncertainty. For instance, they embrace different corporate criminal liability and sentencing principles. Hence, it is important to formulate a law on the principles of economic criminal law applying to all economic crimes
Social Media in Support of Indonesia's One Data Interoperability Process for Implementing Data Governance Policies
No full textThis study aims to determine whether Twitter is a social media platform that supports the One Data Indonesia Interoperability process to implement data regulations by producing accurate, integrated and accountable data. Use of Social media in Participation, Transparency, Discussion, involvement, and Communication Strategy. This descriptive research uses NVivo 12 Plus with data sources from Twitter @diklat BIG, @datagoid, @bappenasRI, and @Jokowi via NCapture. NCapture data and use the automatically configured crosstab feature. This study shows that social media significantly drives data interoperability strategies in Indonesia. Communication indicators from Participation in previous attempts were 22.00 and 3236 referrals. The 21.00 transparency category includes clear objectives, processes and program support. They completed 20.00 of the various stages of data collection, verification, and data priority release. To socialize the implementation of One Data Indonesia and the action to accelerate the provision of the One Data Portal, tweets were used with an involvement proportion of 18.00. Communication Strategy realizes the importance of data and the existence of One Data Indonesia by using the Conversation Indicator, which has a Participation proportion of 17.00. This study is essential for analyzing social media assistance using Twitter-based activity support and providing new, up-to-date data with NVivo 12 Plus analysis. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences
Fuzzy Logic Controller for Stabilizing the Rolling Movement of Uav Bicopter
No full textThis paper describes the design of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) for stabilizing the rolling motion of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) Bicopter. Rolling motion control is part of the inner loop (attitude) control in UAV Bicopter, which is very important to control for achieving rapid settling time and stability. The Bicopter is a nonlinear, unstable, underactuated system and hard to model clearly in mathematics. In order to stabilize the rolling motion of a UAV Bicopter, this research proposes an embedded FLC. The developed FLC uses the Mamdani approach and varied rule base. The UAV Bicopter was placed on a test bed with a Teensy 3.6 microcontroller to validate our approach. The results of the experiments and tests were presented to demonstrate the proposed controller's validity
Recovery of Critical Elements (Dysprosium and Ytterbium) from Alkaline Process of Indonesian Zircon Tailings: Selective Leaching and Kinetics Study
No full textRare earth metals are important today, especially for heavy rare earth elements (HREEs). Dy and Yb, included in the HREE group, are widely used for permanent magnets and sensors. On the other hand, accumulated solid waste of zircon tailings is an environmental issue in mineral processing. Valuable minerals such as rare earth elements (REEs) also remain in the tailings. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions of the experimental parameters and obtain an appropriate kinetic model. The leaching process was carried out in a flat bottom three-neck flask equipped with a thermometer and reflux condenser. Observation of the effect of process conditions on recovery and kinetics analysis obtained satisfactory results. In this study, Dy and Yb leaching from solid REE-hydroxide using HCl solution afforded a total of 61.71% and 74.55% recovery of Dy and Yb, respectively, at operating conditions of 1 M HCl, 60oC, 10 g/100 mL (solid-to-liquid ratio), at 60 min (leaching duration), and 150 rpm (stirring speed). It was found that the leaching process was controlled by chemical reactions with apparent activation energies of 31.68 kJ/mol and 11.95 kJ/mol for Dy and Yb leaching, respectively
Hydroxylation Kinetics of Epoxidized Tung Oil Using Methanol as Nucleophilic Agent
No full textThe synthesis of vegetable oil-based polyols has been carried out through the epoxidation-hydroxylation process. However, Tung oil has never been explored in the process, even though Tung oil has a high double bond. Epoxidized Tung Oil (ETO) with oxirane numbers of 3.92 to 4.04 mmol/g were hydroxylated with methanol and catalyzed by Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4). The objective of this study is to produce polyols from ETO and to evaluate the influence of temperature and catalyst concentration on the hydroxylation process. A second-order reaction kinetic study was also developed to represent the reaction. The ETO hydroxylation was carried out in a batch reactor for four hours. The reaction rate was determined based on the concentration of ETO (oxirane number) and Hydroxyl Value (OHV). The result shows that temperature and catalyst concentration have a directly proportional correlation to OHV and are inversely proportional to the concentration of ETO (epoxy). For temperatures above 40°C, the decreasing rate of the epoxy concentration at the beginning was relatively much faster than at the end of the reaction. In the temperature variation, the highest OHV obtained was 3.70 mmolKOH/g or 207.39 mgKOH/g at 80°C. The optimum catalyst concentration obtained in this study was 3%. The evaluated kinetics model gave great results for all reaction temperatures, with the highest total SSE for epoxy concentration and OHV data fitting of 0.156 and 0.045, respectively. The calculated activation energy (Ea) was 30.41 kJ/mol and the pre-exponential factor (A) was 255.00 g.mmol-1.min-1
A review of convolutional neural network-based computer-aided lung nodule detection system
No full textWorldwide, lung cancer is the major cause of death and rapidly spreads. Lung tissue that is benign does not grow significantly, but lung tissue that is malignant grows rapidly and attacks the body, posing a grave threat to one's health. This paper provides a literature review of computer-aided detection (CAD) systems for lung cancer diagnosis. Preprocessing, segmentation, detection, and classification are the stages of the CAD system. This review divides the preprocessing into three stages: image smoothing, edge sharpening, and noise removal. Additionally, lung segmentation is divided into three stages: histogram-based thresholding, linked component analysis, and lung extraction. The detecting phase aids in decreasing the workload. Several techniques are briefly described, including random forest, naive bayes, k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), support vector machine (SVM), and convolutional neural network (CNN). Classification is the final stage; the image is then identified as containing or not possessing nodules. The prospect of incorporating CNN-based deep learning techniques into the CAD system is discussed. This paper is superior to other review studies on this topic due to its comprehensive examination of pertinent literature and structured presentation. We hope that our research may help professional researchers and radiologists design more effective CAD systems for lung cancer detection