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<i>Ralstonia eutropha</i>, containing high poly-β-hydroxybutyrate levels, regulates the immune response in mussel larvae challenged with <i>Vibrio coralliilyticus</i>
No full textMarine invertebrates rely mainly on innate immune mechanisms that include both humoral and cellular responses. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), lysozyme and phenoloxidase activity, are important components of the innate immune defensesystem in marine invertebrates. They provide an immediate and rapid response to invading microorganisms. The impact of amorphous poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB-A) (1 mg PHB-A L−1) on gene expression of the AMPs mytimycin, mytilinB, defensin and the hydrolytic enzyme lysozyme in infected blue mussel larvae was investigated during “in vivo” challenge tests with Vibrio coralliilyticus (105 CFU mL−1). RNAs were isolated from mussel larvae tissue, and AMPs were quantified by q-PCR using the 18srRNA gene as a housekeeping gene. Our data demonstrated that AMPs genes had a tendency to be upregulated in challenged mussel larvae, and the strongest expression was observed from 24 h post-exposure onwards. The presence of both PHB-A and the pathogen stimulated the APMs gene expression, however no significant differences were noticed between treatments or between exposure time to the pathogen V. coralliilyticus. Looking at the phenoloxidase activity in the infected mussels, it was observed that the addition of PHB-A significantly increased the activity
Reassessment of the classification of Bryopsidales (Chlorophyta) based on chloroplast phylogenomic analyses
No full textThe Bryopsidales is a morphologically diverse group of mainly marine green macroalgae characterized by a siphonous structure. The order is composed of three suborders – Ostreobineae, Bryopsidineae, and Halimedineae. While previous studies improved the higher-level classification of the order, the taxonomic placement of some genera in Bryopsidineae (Pseudobryopsis and Lambia) as well as the relationships between the families of Halimedineae remains uncertain. In this study, we re-assess the phylogeny of the order with datasets derived from chloroplast genomes, drastically increasing the taxon sampling by sequencing 32 new chloroplast genomes. The phylogenies presented here provided good support for the major lineages (suborders and most families) in Bryopsidales. In Bryopsidineae, Pseudobryopsis hainanensis was inferred as a distinct lineage from the three established families allowing us to establish the family Pseudobryopsidaceae. The Antarctic species Lambia Antarctica was shown to be an early-branching lineage in the family Bryopsidaceae. In Halimedineae, we revealed several inconsistent phylogenetic positions of macroscopic taxa, and several entirely new lineages of microscopic species. A new classification scheme is proposed, which includes the merger of the families Pseudocodiaceae, Rhipiliaceae and Udoteaceae into a more broadly circumscribed Halimedaceae, and the establishment of tribes for the different lineages found therein. In addition, the deep-water genus Johnson-sea-linkia, currently placed in Rhipiliopsis, was reinstated based on our phylogeny
Fatty acid profiling of copepods to meet SDG 2, 13 and 14: comparing temperature responses in a tropical and temperate estuary
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Differential effects of resource diversity on taxis to food, population growth, and interspecific interactions of cryptic marine nematode species
Full text linkEcophysiology and survival of the Blue mussel (<em>Mytilus edulis</em>) as offshore wind farm fouling and aquaculture key species, is adversely affected by a changing marine climate
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