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VizieR Online Data Catalog: Mercury-T code (Bolmont+, 2015)
No full textVizieR On-line Data Catalog: J/A+A/583/A116. Originally published in: 2015A&A...583A.116BThe major addition to Mercury provided in Mercury-T is the addition of the tidal forces and torques. But we also added the effect of general relativity and rotation-induced deformation. We explain in the following sections how these effects were incorporated in the code.We also give the planets and star/BD/Jupiter parameters which are implemented in the code
Quantitative analysis of endosome tubulation and microdomain organization mediated by the WASH complex
No full textInternational audienceSorting of cargoes in endosomes occurs through their concentration into sorting platforms, called microdomains, from which transport intermediates are formed. The WASH complex localizes to such endosomal microdomains and triggers localized branched actin nucleation by activating the Arp2/3 complex. These branched actin networks are required for both the lateral compartmentalization of endosome membranes into distinct microdomains and for the fission of transport intermediates from these sorting platforms. In this chapter, we provide experimental protocols to study these two aspects of WASH physiology. We first describe how to image the dynamic membrane tubules resulting from the defects of WASH-mediated fission. We then describe how to study quantitatively the microdomain localization of WASH in live and fixed cells. Since microdomains are below the resolution limit of conventional light-microscopy techniques, this required the development of specific image analysis pipelines, which are detailed. The guidelines presented in this chapter can apply to other endomembrane microdomains beyond WASH in order to increase our understanding of trafficking in molecular and quantitative terms
Measuring the effect of government ESG performance on sovereign borrowing cost
No full textThis article examines whether the extra-fi nancial performance of countries on environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors matter for sovereign bonds markets. We propose an econometric analysis of the relationship between ESG performances and government bond spreads of 23 OECD countries over the 2007-2012 period. Our results reveal that ESG ratings signi ficantly decrease government bond spreads and this fi nding is robust for a wide range of model setups. We also find that the impact of ESG ratings on the cost of sovereign borrowing is more pronounced in bonds of shorter maturities. Finally, we show that extra-fi nancial performance plays an important role in assessing risk in the financial system. In particular, the informational content of ESG ratings goes beyond the set of quantitative variables traditionally used as determinant of a country's extra-fi nancial rating such as CO2 emissions, the share of protected areas, social expenditure and health expenditure per GDP, or the quality of institutions, and off ers an additional evaluation of governments' ESG performance that matters for government bond spreads
Correlative microscopy of radial junction nanowire solar cells using nanoindent position markers
No full textInternational audienc
Ductile fracture of aluminum 2024-T351 under proportional and non-proportional multi-axial loading: Bao–Wierzbicki results revisited
No full textInternational audienceThe effect of stress state and loading path on the ductile fracture of aluminum 2024-T351 is characterized through tension–torsion experiments on tubular specimens. The experimental program includes proportional and non-proportional loading paths leading to the onset of fracture at nearly plane stress conditions at stress triaxialities between 0 and 0.6. Stereo digital image correlation is used to measure the displacements and rotations applied to the specimen shoulders. An isotropic non-quadratic Hosford plasticity model with combined Voce–Swift hardening is used to obtain estimates of the local stress and strain fields within the specimen gage section. The hybrid experimental–numerical results indicate a higher strain to fracture for pure shear than for uniaxial tension. The calibration of a Hosford–Coulomb fracture initiation model suggests that the ductility of aluminum 2024-T351 decreases monotonically as a function of the stress triaxiality, whereas it is a non-symmetric convex function of the Lode angle parameter. It is shown that a simple non-linear damage accumulation rule can describe the effect of non-proportional loading on the strain to fracture
Characterization and analysis of deformation heterogeneities in commercial purity titanium
No full textInternational audienceThe effects of solute oxygen, loading direction and strain level on the microscale plastic strain distribution in representative areas of commercially-pure titanium have been characterized by correlation of high resolution SEM images captured during in situ tensile tests. A spatial organization of highly-deformed bands was observed from the early stages of plastic flow and remained nearly unchanged as the materials were strained. The high strains close to grain boundaries were related to intense local slip activity, grain boundary sliding or kink bands formation. The plastic strain field was more homogeneous in the oxygen-rich material, which was attributed primarily to a smaller contribution of grain boundary sliding, due to the presence of hard β phase particles along the grain boundaries
Instabilité de Kelvin-Hemholtz à la magnétopause : théorie et observations
No full textSolar Wind (SW) and the Earth's magnetosphere interaction is mediated by the magnetopause. The SW carries with it the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) which interacts with northwards geomagnetic field lines causing magnetic reconnection (MR) events that make SW particles to be tranferred into the Earth's magnetosphere. If the IMF is directed northward, MR takes place at high latitude, but it is not efficient enough to justify the amount of SW plasma observed by satellites inside the magnetosphere. During northwards conditions one observe the formation of a wide boundary layer (BL) at the low latitude. This BL is thought to be driven by the the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) , originating from the velocity shear between SW and the almost static near-Earth plasma. Numerical simulations (NS) have shown that the long time evolution of the KHI depends strongly on the initial large scale field profiles used as initial conditions. In order to make a further step towards the comprehension of this complex system, it is imperative to combine satellite data and NS. The idea here is to initialize NS by using in-situ observations of the main field profiles since only a correct initialization can reproduce the correct dynamics. The main results achieved in this work are: characterize the turbulence inside KH vortices and the small scale MR; select one event where there is a combination of a satellite measurements before and after KH develops, find that density and velocity profiles are shifted by a distance comparable to their shear lengths and that this initial shift cause a different evolution of the KHI leading to a final state in agreement with satellites observations.L'interaction entre le vent solaire (VS) et la magnétosphère (MSP) terrestre se fait par l'intermédiaire de la magnétopause (MP). Le VS éjecté du Soleil, voyage transportant avec lui le champ magnétique interplanétaire (CMI). Ce dernier interagit avec le champ géomagnétique provoquant le phénomène de reconnexion magnétique (RM). La RM permet l'entrée d'une grande quantité de particules du VS dans la MSP. Si le CMI est dirigé vers le nord, la RM peut avoir lieu à haute latitude, mais n'est pas assez efficace pour justifier la quantité de plasma typique du VS, observée par les satellites à l'intérieur de la MSP. En outre, dans les cas où le CMI est dirigé vers le nord, la formation d'une couche de mélange est observée à basse latitude. Les tourbillons de Kelvin-Hemholtz (KH) fournissent un mécanisme efficace pour la formation d'une couche de mélange à la MP. Les simulations numériques montrent que l'évolution temporelle de l'instabilité de KH dépend fortement des profils initiales à grande échelle. La comparaison des données spatiales et des simulations numériques est donc d'une importance fondamentale dans ce contexte. Les principaux résultats obtenus au cours de ce travail sont la caractérisation de la turbulence à l'intérieur des tourbillons de KH, ainsi que des événements de RM à petite échelle; la sélection d'un événement où nous avons une combinaison des données des satellites avant et après KHI se développe; l'observation d'un décalage entre les profils de densité et de vitesse et constat que ce décalage initial entraîne une évolution différente de la simulations numériques qui est en accord avec les observations satellites